EMPEROR KOGON
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(Redirected from Emperor Kogon of Japan)
'Emperor KÅgon' (光厳天皇 ''KÅgon-tennÅ'') (August 1, 1313[1] – August 5, 1364[2]) was the first emperor to occupy the Northern Court of Japan. He held the throne from October 22, 1331[3] until July 7, 1333[4]. His personal name was Kazuhito (é‡ä»).
He was the third son of Emperor Go-Fushimi of the JimyÅin line. His mother was KÅgimon'in Neishi (広義門院寧å). He was adopted by his uncle, Emperor Hanazono.
★ Empress: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (懽å内親王) (First daughter of Emperor Go-Daigo)
★
★ Imperial Princess Mitsuko (å…‰å内親王)
★ Consort: Imperial Princess Hisako (寿å内親王) (Daughter of Emperor Hanazono)
★ Lady-in-waiting: SanjÅ ShÅ«shi (三æ¡ç§€å) Empress Dowager YÅroku (陽禄門院)
★
★ First son: Imperial Prince Okihito (興ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) (Emperor SukÅ)
★
★ Second son: Imperial Prince Iyahito (å¼¥ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) (Emperor Go-KÅgon)
★
★ Imperial Prince Yoshihito (義ä»è¦ªçŽ‹)
★ Consort: Unknown
★
★ Imperial Prince SonchÅ (å°Šæœè¦ªçŽ‹)
★
★ Egon (æµåŽ³)
In 1326, he became Crown Prince to Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. At this time in Japanese history, by decision of the Kamakura shogunate, the throne would alternate between the Daikakuji and JimyÅin lines every ten years. However, Go-Daigo did not comply with this policy.
In 1331, when Go-Daigo's second attempt to overthrow the shogunate became public, the Shogunate seized him, exiled him to Oki island and enthroned KÅgon on October 22. Emperor Go-Daigo escaped Oki in 1333, with the help of Nawa Nagatoshi and his family, and raised an army at Funagami Mountain in HÅki Province (the modern town of Kotoura in TÅhaku District, Tottori Prefecture).
Meanwhile, Ashikaga Takauji (足利 å°Šæ°), the chief general of the HÅjÅ family, turned against the HÅjÅ and fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in the hopes of being named shogun. Takauji attacked HÅjÅ Nakatomi and HÅjÅ Tokimasu, the Rokuhara Tandai, or chiefs of the Kamakura shogunate in Kyoto. They both fled to the east, but were captured in ÅŒmi Province. On July 7, 1333, Go-Daigo seized the throne from Emperor KÅgon and attempted to re-established Imperial control in what is referred to as the Kemmu Restoration (1333-1336). Go-Daigo's attempt failed, however, after Ashikaga Takauji turned against him.
In 1336, Takauji installed KÅgon's younger brother on the throne as Emperor KÅmyÅ. Go-Daigo fled to Yoshino, in Yamato Province and continued to lay proper claim to the throne, establishing what would come to be known as the Southern Court. KÅmyÅ's court remained in Kyoto and would come to be known as the Northern Dynasty. This marked the beginning of the Northern and Southern Courts Period of Japanese history, which lasted until 1392.
In 1352, taking advantage of a family feud in the Ashikaga clan known as the Kan'Å Disturbance, Emperor Go-Murakami of the Southern Court entered KyÅto, captured it and carried away KÅgon along with Emperor KÅmyÅ, Emperor SukÅ and the Crown Prince. Following this, KÅgon was held under house arrest for the remainder of his life. In his final years, he converted to Zen Buddhism, and died on August 5, 1364.
The years of KÅgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.
:'Pre-Naboku-chÅ'' period'
★
★ ''GenkÅ'' (1331-1334)
★
★ ''Kenmu (1334-1336)
:'''Naboku-chÅ'' Southern court''
★ Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)'
★
★ ...
:'''Naboku-chÅ'' Northern court'
★ Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
★
★ ''ShÅkei'' (1332-1338)
★ Emperor Go-Daigo
1. The ninth day of the seventh month of the second year of ShÅwa, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
2. The seventh day of the seventh month of the third year of JÅji, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
3. The twentieth day of the ninth month of the third year of Gentoku, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
4. The twenty-fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of ShÅkei, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo, 1652], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.--''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
'Emperor KÅgon' (光厳天皇 ''KÅgon-tennÅ'') (August 1, 1313[1] – August 5, 1364[2]) was the first emperor to occupy the Northern Court of Japan. He held the throne from October 22, 1331[3] until July 7, 1333[4]. His personal name was Kazuhito (é‡ä»).
| Contents |
| Genealogy |
| Events of KÅgon''-tennÅ's life |
| Eras of KÅgon''-tennÅ's reign |
| Southern Court Rivals |
| References |
| Notes |
| Further reading |
Genealogy
He was the third son of Emperor Go-Fushimi of the JimyÅin line. His mother was KÅgimon'in Neishi (広義門院寧å). He was adopted by his uncle, Emperor Hanazono.
★ Empress: Imperial Princess Yoshiko (懽å内親王) (First daughter of Emperor Go-Daigo)
★
★ Imperial Princess Mitsuko (å…‰å内親王)
★ Consort: Imperial Princess Hisako (寿å内親王) (Daughter of Emperor Hanazono)
★ Lady-in-waiting: SanjÅ ShÅ«shi (三æ¡ç§€å) Empress Dowager YÅroku (陽禄門院)
★
★ First son: Imperial Prince Okihito (興ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) (Emperor SukÅ)
★
★ Second son: Imperial Prince Iyahito (å¼¥ä»è¦ªçŽ‹) (Emperor Go-KÅgon)
★
★ Imperial Prince Yoshihito (義ä»è¦ªçŽ‹)
★ Consort: Unknown
★
★ Imperial Prince SonchÅ (å°Šæœè¦ªçŽ‹)
★
★ Egon (æµåŽ³)
Events of KÅgon''-tennÅ's life
In 1326, he became Crown Prince to Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. At this time in Japanese history, by decision of the Kamakura shogunate, the throne would alternate between the Daikakuji and JimyÅin lines every ten years. However, Go-Daigo did not comply with this policy.
In 1331, when Go-Daigo's second attempt to overthrow the shogunate became public, the Shogunate seized him, exiled him to Oki island and enthroned KÅgon on October 22. Emperor Go-Daigo escaped Oki in 1333, with the help of Nawa Nagatoshi and his family, and raised an army at Funagami Mountain in HÅki Province (the modern town of Kotoura in TÅhaku District, Tottori Prefecture).
Meanwhile, Ashikaga Takauji (足利 å°Šæ°), the chief general of the HÅjÅ family, turned against the HÅjÅ and fought for Emperor Go-Daigo in the hopes of being named shogun. Takauji attacked HÅjÅ Nakatomi and HÅjÅ Tokimasu, the Rokuhara Tandai, or chiefs of the Kamakura shogunate in Kyoto. They both fled to the east, but were captured in ÅŒmi Province. On July 7, 1333, Go-Daigo seized the throne from Emperor KÅgon and attempted to re-established Imperial control in what is referred to as the Kemmu Restoration (1333-1336). Go-Daigo's attempt failed, however, after Ashikaga Takauji turned against him.
In 1336, Takauji installed KÅgon's younger brother on the throne as Emperor KÅmyÅ. Go-Daigo fled to Yoshino, in Yamato Province and continued to lay proper claim to the throne, establishing what would come to be known as the Southern Court. KÅmyÅ's court remained in Kyoto and would come to be known as the Northern Dynasty. This marked the beginning of the Northern and Southern Courts Period of Japanese history, which lasted until 1392.
In 1352, taking advantage of a family feud in the Ashikaga clan known as the Kan'Å Disturbance, Emperor Go-Murakami of the Southern Court entered KyÅto, captured it and carried away KÅgon along with Emperor KÅmyÅ, Emperor SukÅ and the Crown Prince. Following this, KÅgon was held under house arrest for the remainder of his life. In his final years, he converted to Zen Buddhism, and died on August 5, 1364.
Eras of KÅgon''-tennÅ's reign
The years of KÅgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or ''nengÅ''.
:'Pre-Naboku-chÅ'' period'
★
★ ''GenkÅ'' (1331-1334)
★
★ ''Kenmu (1334-1336)
:'''Naboku-chÅ'' Southern court''
★ Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)'
★
★ ...
:'''Naboku-chÅ'' Northern court'
★ Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript)
★
★ ''ShÅkei'' (1332-1338)
Southern Court Rivals
★ Emperor Go-Daigo
References
Notes
1. The ninth day of the seventh month of the second year of ShÅwa, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
2. The seventh day of the seventh month of the third year of JÅji, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
3. The twentieth day of the ninth month of the third year of Gentoku, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
4. The twenty-fifth day of the fifth month of the second year of ShÅkei, according to the traditional lunisolar calendar
Further reading
★ Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo, 1652], ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re., complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth.'' Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.--''Two copies of this rare book have now been made available online: (1) from the library of the University of Michigan, digitized January 30, 2007; and (2) from the library of Stanford University, digitized June 23, 2006.'' Click here to read the original text in French.
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