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'Dame Ellen Patricia MacArthur', DBE (born July 8, 1976) is an English sailor from Whatstandwell near Matlock in Derbyshire, now based in Cowes, on the Isle of Wight. She is best known as a solo long-distance yachtswoman who, on February 7, 2005, broke the world record for the fastest solo circumnavigation of the globe.

Contents

Early life

Racing career

Records

Criticism

Popular culture

Trivia

References

External links

Early life

She acquired her early interest in sailing by reading Arthur Ransome's ''Swallows and Amazons'' books and is the Patron of the Nancy Blackett Trust^[1] which owns and operates Ransome's yacht, ''Nancy Blackett''. She saved her school dinner money in order to buy her first boat.
She was named 1998 British Telecom/Royal Yachting Association "Yachtsman of The Year" in the UK and "Sailing's Young Hope" in France.

Racing career

She first came to general prominence in 2001 when she came second in the Vendée Globe solo round-the-world sailing race in her boat ''Kingfisher'' (named after her sponsors, Kingfisher plc), and subsequently MacArthur was awarded an MBE for services to sport.
In 2003 she captained a round-the-world record attempt for a crewed yacht in ''Kingfisher 2'', but was thwarted by a broken mast in the Southern Ocean.
Her latest yacht, named ''B&Q/Castorama'' (after two companies in the Kingfisher group) and unveiled in January 2004, was specially designed by Nigel Irens and Benoit Cabaret for her to break solo records. The 75-foot (23-metre) trimaran was built in Australia, with many of the components specifically arranged to take into account MacArthur's 5 foot 2 inch (1.57 metre) height.
Using the yacht, her first significant record attempt in 2004 to break the west–east transatlantic crossing time failed by around one and a quarter hours, after over seven days of sailing.
She began her attempt to break the solo record for sailing non-stop around the world on November 28, 2004. During her circumnavigation, she set records for the fastest solo voyage to the equator, past the Cape of Good Hope, past Cape Horn and back to the equator again. She crossed the finishing line near the French coast at Ushant at 2229 UTC on February 7, 2005 beating the previous record set by French sailor Francis Joyon by 1 day, 8 hours, 35 minutes, 49 seconds.
On her return to England on February 8, 2005, it was announced that she was to be made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in recognition of that achievement, becoming, it is believed, the youngest ever recipient of this honour. Coming immediately as it did (rather than appearing in due course in the New Year's or Birthday honours lists), this recognition was reminiscent of the knighthoods conferred upon Sir Francis Drake and Sir Francis Chichester upon arrival home after their respective circumnavigations in 1580 and 1967. MacArthur was also made an honorary Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Naval Reserve on the same day.

Records

In June 2000, MacArthur sailed the monohull ''Kingfisher'' from Plymouth, UK to Newport, Rhode Island, USA in 14 days, 23 hours, 11 minutes. This is the current record for a single-handed monohull east-to-west passage, and also the record for a single-handed woman in any vessel.^[2]
MacArthur's second place in the 2000-2001 edition of the Vendée Globe, with a time of 94 days, 4 hours and 25 minutes, is the world record for a single-handed, non-stop, monohull circumnavigation by a woman.^[3]
In June 2004, MacArthur sailed her trimaran ''B&Q/Castorama'' from Ambrose Light, Lower New York Bay, USA to Lizard Point, Cornwall, UK in 7 days, 3 hours, 50 minutes. This set a new world record for a transatlantic crossing by women, remarkably beating the previous crewed record as well as the singlehanded version.^[4]
In 2005, MacArthur set a new world record for a single-handed non-stop circumnavigation in the trimaran ''B&Q/Castorama'', during which she sailed 27,354 nautical miles at an average speed of 15.9 knots. Her time of 71 days, 14 hours, 18 minutes 33 seconds is the fastest ever circumnavigation of the world by a single-hander.^[5]

Criticism

MacArthur’s achievements have not escaped criticism. In particular, critics emphasise the vast, near incomparable differences in the technological capabilities of present-day sailing vessels such as those used by MacArthur against those used by previous record holders. For instance, it has been argued that it is unfair for MacArthur's round-the-world feat to be compared with that of Sir Robin Knox-Johnston, who was the first person to sail solo and non-stop around the world — using a vessel constructed over 35 years previously. Knox-Johnston himself contrasted his round-the-world voyage in 1968–69 (the first non-stop solo circumnavigation) and MacArthur's thus: "My boat, ''Suhaili'', was small and wooden, MacArthur's boat is three times as long as mine, half as heavy and has sails three or four times larger. To navigate, I had a sextant and a chronometer. The equipment had changed very little since Captain Cook's time. MacArthur has GPS, which updates every three seconds, telling you where you are, what speed you are doing and what direction you're going in. You don't need to navigate."^[6][7]
Additional criticism stems for the argument that MacArthur’s accomplishments, achieved within the highly exclusive world of power yachting, are motivated predominantly by self-promotion. In addition to her growing fame and the Damehood conferred upon her after her round-the-world voyage (aged 28), MacArthur earned, by the estimation of UK’s ''Daily Mail'' newspaper, at least five million pounds (approximately eleven million US dollars) in the subsequent year. Her boat, in a example of very direct marketing, was actually named ''B&Q'', after the name of a chain of home hardware stores in the UK that sponsored her journey. Allied to this is the criticism and ridicule MacArthur has faced for what some perceive as her overly emotional disposition and tendency to habitually "moan" and "whine" about her circumstances whilst sailing. Her temperament is something that forms the central basis for her caricature on the BBC satirical comedy show ''Dead Ringers''. Bob Fisher, the Guardian's sailing correspondent, commented that “Ellen is a difficult person to empathise with. She moans and whinges the whole bloody time, so many people, quite understandably, are of the opinion that, given that she knew what was in store for her, she should just shut up and get on with it...[there] are a lot of people in the professional sailing contingent who wouldn't sail across the Solent with her. They feel what she does is sailing by numbers – it's a mechanical achievement rather than a skilful one.”^[8][7]

Popular culture

MacArthur was also the last record holder on Star in a Reasonably-Priced Car on the BBC's ''Top Gear'' television driving programme until season 8, when the rules were changed, and previous records were removed.^[10] The competition was a timed lap of a racetrack in a Suzuki Liana. She completed the lap in 1 minute 46.7 seconds, beating Jimmy Carr by 0.2 seconds.

Trivia

★ She is fluent in French.

References

1. http://www.nancyblackett.org/
2. ''WSSRC Ratified Passage Records'' — "Transatlantic E to W, Plymouth – Newport, monohull and woman any vessel", from the World Sailing Speed Record Council
3. ''WSSRC Ratified Passage Records'' — "Round the World, non stop, singlehanded, woman, Vendée Globe", from the World Sailing Speed Record Council
4. ''WSSRC Ratified Passage Records'' — "Transatlantic W to E outright women, and singlehanded woman", from the World Sailing Speed Record Council
5. ''WSSRC Ratified Passage Records'' — "Round the World, non stop, singlehanded", from the World Sailing Speed Record Council
6. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/sailing/4245577.stm
7. http://sport.guardian.co.uk/sailing/story/0,10087,1407921,00.html
8. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20050801/ai_n14828139
9. http://sport.guardian.co.uk/sailing/story/0,10087,1407921,00.html
10. ''Old Top Gear Celebrity Laps''

External links

★ Ellen MacArthur website

★ Dame Ellen MacArthur Trust Website — The Trust's aim is to support, empower and enliven children suffering from cancer or leukaemia by introducing them to the joys of sailing on the sea.

★ Nancy Blackett Trust Website

★ Biography on BBC site

★ BBC News article: MacArthur sails into record books

★ WSSRC — World Sailing Speed Record Council

★ Ellen MacArthur World Record Photo Gallery

★ Sunday Times article