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The 'eight-thousanders' are the fourteen independent^[1] mountains on Earth that are more than above sea level. They are all located in the Himalayan and Karakoram mountain ranges in Asia.
The first attempt on an eight-thousander took place on the expedition by Albert F. Mummery, and J. Norman Collie to Nanga Parbat in 1895; this ended in failure, when Mummery and two Ghurkas, Ragobir and Goman Singh, were killed by an avalanche.
The first successful ascent of an eight-thousander was by Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal, who reached the summit of Annapurna on June 3, 1950.
The first person to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders was Reinhold Messner. He completed this task on October 16, 1986. A year later, in 1987, Jerzy Kukuczka became the second climber to accomplish this feat. As of 2007, a total of fourteen people have followed through. This is an extremely hazardous feat; at least four people have died while in pursuit of this goal.
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Contents

List of eight-thousanders

The 14 Climbers who have reached the summit of all 14 eight-thousanders

Gallery

Notes

See also

External links

List of eight-thousanders

Peak	Height	Location	First ascent	First ascensionist(s)	First ascent in winter	First ascensionist(s) in winter	Ascents ★	Deaths ★	Death rate ★	Death rate before 1990 ★	Death rate since 1990 ★
Everest	8848 m	China/Nepal	May 29, 1953	Edmund Hillary Tenzing Norgay	February 17 1980	Krzysztof Wielicki Leszek Cichy	1924	179	9.30%	37%	4.4%
K2	8611 m	China/Pakistan[2]	July 31, 1954	Achille Compagnoni Lino Lacedelli			198	53	26.77%	41%	19.7%
Kanchenjunga	8586 m	India/Nepal	May 25, 1955	George Band Joe Brown	January 111986	Jerzy Kukuczka Krzysztof Wielicki	185	40	21.62%	21%	22%
Lhotse	8516 m	China/Nepal	May 18, 1956	Fritz Luchsinger Ernst Reiss	December 31, 1988	Krzysztof Wielicki	243	11	4.53%	14%	2%
Makalu	8463 m	China/Nepal	May 15, 1955	Jean Couzy Lionel Terray			206	22	10.68%	16%	8.5%
Cho Oyu	8201 m	China/Nepal	October 19, 1954	Joseph Joechler Pasang Dawa Lama Herbert Tichy	February 12, 1985	Maciej Berbeka Maciej Pawlikowski	1400	35	2.50%	7%	2%
Dhaulagiri	8167 m	Nepal	May 13, 1960	Kurt Diemberger Peter Diener Nawang Dorje Nima Dorje Ernst Forrer Albin Schelbert	January 21, 1985	Jerzy Kukuczka Andrzej Czok	313	56	17.89%	31%	11%
Manaslu	8163 m	Nepal	May 9, 1956	Toshia Imanishi Gyalzen Norbu	January 12, 1984	Maciej Berbeka Ryszard Gajewski	240	52	21.67%	35.16%	13.42%
Nanga Parbat	8125 m	Pakistan2	July 3, 1953	Hermann Buhl			216	61	28.24%	77%	5.5%
Annapurna	8091 m	Nepal	June 3, 1950	Maurice Herzog Louis Lachenal	February 3, 1987	Jerzy Kukuczka Artur Hajzer	130	53	40.77%	66%	19.71%
Gasherbrum I	8068 m	China/Pakistan2	July 5, 1958	Andrew Kauffman Peter Schoening			195	21	10.77%	15.5%	8.75%
Broad Peak	8047 m	China/Pakistan2	June 9, 1957	Hermann Buhl Kurt Diemberger Marcus Schmuck Fritz Wintersteller			255	18	7.20%	5%	8.6%
Gasherbrum II	8035 m	China/Pakistan2	July 8, 1956	Josef Larch Fritz Moravec Hans Willenpart			650	17	2.62%	7.8%	0.44%
Shishapangma	8027 m	China	May 2, 1964	Ten climbers led by Hsu Ching	January 14, 2005	Piotr Morawski Simone Moro	201	19	9.45%	2%	16.8%

^★ As of September 2003, data from ''Chinese National Geography'' 2006.8, page '77'.

The 14 Climbers who have reached the summit of all 14 eight-thousanders

	Name	Period	Nationality
1	Reinhold Messner	1970-1986	Italian
2	Jerzy Kukuczka	1979-1987	Polish
3	Erhard Loretan	1982-1995	Swiss
4	Carlos Carsolio	1985-1996	Mexican
5	Krzysztof Wielicki	1980-1996	Polish
6	Juanito Oiarzabal	1985-1999	Spanish
7	Sergio Martini	1976-2000	Italian
8	Hong-Gil Um	1988-2000	Korean
9	Park Young Seok	1993-2001	Korean
10	Alberto Inurrategi	1991-2002	Spanish
11	Han Wang Yong	1994-2003	Korean
12	Ed Viesturs	1989-2005	American
13	Alan Hinkes	1987-2005	English
14	Silvio Mondinelli	1993-2007	Italian

Gallery

Notes

1. In making any "highest mountains" list, one needs to use a criterion to exclude subpeaks and only list independent mountains. There is no universally agreed-upon such criterion. However the (generally accepted) list of fourteen eight-thousanders is obtained if one uses a topographic prominence cutoff of between 200 and 500 metres (610 and 1524 feet). Some eight-thousand metre subpeaks have been climbed as goals in themselves, for example Lhotse Middle, but this is quite rare.
2. Note: The mountains mentioned lie in the disputed Northern Areas region. This region is also claimed by India along with Kashmir.

See also

★ List of highest mountains

★ List of deaths on eight-thousanders

External links

★ List of ascensionists from everestnews.com

★ Site dedicated to the 8000m peaks and mountaineers

★ Austrian First Ascent from broadpeak.org