EBRO

The 'Ebro' (Catalan: 'Ebre') is Spain's most voluminous river. It starts at Fontibre (in the province of Cantabria) and passes Miranda de Ebro, Logroño, Zaragoza, Flix, Tortosa, and Amposta before ending in a delta on the Mediterranean Sea in the province of Tarragona.

Contents

Name

Delta geography

Flow and floods

Ecology

See also

References

External links

Name

The river is called ''Έβρος'' in Greek and ''Iberus'' in Latin. The Latin name may be related to that of Iberia, developing from the name of the pre-Romanic Iberians (and Celtiberians). It is based on the Basque word ''ibar'' which means 'valley'.
=History=
In Antiquity, The Ebro was used as the dividing line between Roman (north) and Carthaginian (south) expansions after the First Punic War. When Rome, fearful of Hannibal's growing influence in the Iberian Peninsula, made the city of Saguntum (considerably south of the Ebro) a protectorate of Rome, Hannibal viewed this treaty as an aggressive action by Rome and used the event as the catalyst to the Second Punic War.
One of the earliest Cistercian monasteries in Spain, Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda (''Royal Monastery of Our Lady of the Wheel''), is located on the banks of the Ebro in Aragon. This edifice survives to the present intact, having been established in the year 1202. The monastery is strongly connected to the Ebro, since it used one of the first large waterwheels established in Spain for the production of power. The monastery also diverted flow from the Ebro to create a circulating hydrological central heating system for its buildings.
The river Ebro was the initial starting ground of one of the most famous Republican offensives during the Spanish Civil War, in 1938. The offensive itself, known as the Battle of the Ebro, ended in defeat for the Republican forces, even though they enjoyed initial success in its first stages. However, they were not able to reach the desired objective of Gandesa.

Delta geography

The Ebro Delta is one of the largest wetland areas (320 km²) in the western Mediterranean region. The Ebro delta has grown rapidly—the historical rate of growth of the delta is demonstrated by the town of Amposta. This town was a seaport in the 4th Century, and is now located well inland from the current Ebro river mouth. The rounded form of the delta attests to the balance between sediment deposition by the Ebro and removal of this material by wave erosion.
The modern delta is in intensive agricultural use for rice, fruit, and vegetables. The Ebro delta also hosts numerous beaches, marshes, and salt pans that provide habitat for over 300 species of birds. A large part of the delta was designated as Ebro Delta Natural Park in 1983. A network of canals and irrigation ditches constructed by both agricultural and conservation groups are helping to maintain the ecologic and economic resources of the Ebro Delta.

Flow and floods

In Zaragoza from the end of the nineteenth century:

★ March 1888: 3,760 m3/s ★ January 1891: 3,250 m3/s ★ February 1892: 3,790 m3/s ★ January 1895: 3,118 m3/s ★ March 1930: 3,600 m3/s

★ December 1930: 3,000 m3/s ★ October 1937: 3,000 m3/s ★ January 1941: 4,000 m3/s ★ February 1952: 3,260 m3/s ★ 'January 1961: 4,130 m3/s'

★ November 1966: 3,154 m3/s ★ January 1981: 2,940 m3/s ★ February 2003: 2,988 m3/s ★ March 2003: 2,220 m3/s ★ April 2007: 2,282 m3/s.

The Ebro poured 1,874 hm³ in the river delta from 2007-03-27 to 04-11, with an average of 117 hm³/day .

Ecology

The zebra mussel is an invasive species that is extending upstream in Ebro waters.
The Ebro delta has the world's largest colony of Audouin's Gulls.

See also

★ Hydrological transport model

References

★ Ebro River Delta, Northeastern Spain

External links

★ The River Ebro and Delta

★ Nature park related to the wildlife of the river Ebro delta

★ The Ebro Delta from Space

★ The Ebro Delta at Google Maps

★ River Ebro Fishing guides and accomodation