ECONOMIC COMMUNITY OF WEST AFRICAN STATES MONITORING GROUP
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(Redirected from ECOMOG)
The 'Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group' or 'ECOMOG' is a West African multilateral armed force established by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The name is an abbreviation of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group. ECOMOG is not a standing army, but a formal arrangement for separate armies to work together, along similar lines to NATO. Its backbone is Nigerian armed forces and financial resources, with sub-battalion strength units contributed by other ECOWAS members — Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and others.
Nigeria, Ghana and other ECOWAS members agreed a Protocol on Mutual Defence Assistance, in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 29 May 1989. Among other security measures, this was to create an Allied Armed Force of the Community (AAFC) as needed.
Anglophone ECOWAS members established ECOMOG in 1990 to intervene in the civil war in Liberia (1989–96). Western nations had declined to intervene, and the Francophone ECOWAS members were opposed to mobilising the AAFC under the previous year's protocol. Unlike the typical UN mission of its day, ECOMOG's first deployment entailed fighting its way into a many-sided civil war, in an attempt to forcibly hold the warring factions apart.
ECOMOG has since acted to control conflict in other cases:
★ 1997 — Sierra Leone, to stop the RUF rebellion.
★ 1999 — Guinea-Bissau [1]
★ 2001 — Guinea–Liberia border to stop guerrilla infiltration.
★ 2003 — Liberia, to stop the Second Liberian Civil War.
Within Africa, ECOMOG represents the first credible attempt at a regional security initiative since the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) tried to established an 'Inter-African Force' to intervene in Chad in 1981. As such it is closely followed by other African states, which recognize the potential social and economic benefits of locally-guaranteed regional stability.
With the massive increase in the commitments of the UN Department of Peace Keeping Operations following the end of the Cold War, and particularly since NATO's independent action in Kosovo in 1999, pressure has developed within UN and US policy circles for more security measures to be 'contracted out' to sub-UN regional organisations. Despite the preponderance of Nigerian influence, ECOMOG is often discussed as an early example of the type of sub-regional, multilateral security forces that are widely expected to have to take up the responsibility for missions that would once have been run by the UN.
★ Mitikishe Maxwell Khobe, ''The Evolution and Conduct of ECOMOG Operations in West Africa'', in ''Monograph'' No.44, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
★ Profile: ECOMOG, from BBC News Online, 17 June 2004
★ Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 1216 (1998) relative to the situation in Guinea-Bissau, from Afrol News, 17 March 1999
★ List of Military alliances
★ Collective defense
★ Collective security
★ Assessment of ECOMOG's Liberia intervention published in "''Human Rights Watch World Reports''", Volume 5, Issue No. 6, June 1993,
★ ECOMOG: A model for Africa by Comfort Ero, Centre for Defence Studies, King's College London in ''Monograph'' No 46, February 2000 published by the Institute for Security Studies.
★ Profile: Ecomog, BBC News Online, 17 June, 2004.
★ ECOMOG: Peacekeeper or Participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998.
★ Sierra Leone: Information on the 1997 coup d'état, ECOMOG harassment of civilians, and the current situation in Sierra Leone, U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services, 5 January 2000
★ Documentary on ECOMOG involvement in Sierra Leone.
Map of ECOMOG members as of 2005.
The 'Economic Community of West African States Monitoring Group' or 'ECOMOG' is a West African multilateral armed force established by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The name is an abbreviation of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group. ECOMOG is not a standing army, but a formal arrangement for separate armies to work together, along similar lines to NATO. Its backbone is Nigerian armed forces and financial resources, with sub-battalion strength units contributed by other ECOWAS members — Ghana, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Liberia, Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, and others.
| Contents |
| History |
| Wider influence |
| References |
| See also |
| External links |
History
Nigeria, Ghana and other ECOWAS members agreed a Protocol on Mutual Defence Assistance, in Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 29 May 1989. Among other security measures, this was to create an Allied Armed Force of the Community (AAFC) as needed.
Anglophone ECOWAS members established ECOMOG in 1990 to intervene in the civil war in Liberia (1989–96). Western nations had declined to intervene, and the Francophone ECOWAS members were opposed to mobilising the AAFC under the previous year's protocol. Unlike the typical UN mission of its day, ECOMOG's first deployment entailed fighting its way into a many-sided civil war, in an attempt to forcibly hold the warring factions apart.
ECOMOG has since acted to control conflict in other cases:
★ 1997 — Sierra Leone, to stop the RUF rebellion.
★ 1999 — Guinea-Bissau [1]
★ 2001 — Guinea–Liberia border to stop guerrilla infiltration.
★ 2003 — Liberia, to stop the Second Liberian Civil War.
Wider influence
Within Africa, ECOMOG represents the first credible attempt at a regional security initiative since the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) tried to established an 'Inter-African Force' to intervene in Chad in 1981. As such it is closely followed by other African states, which recognize the potential social and economic benefits of locally-guaranteed regional stability.
With the massive increase in the commitments of the UN Department of Peace Keeping Operations following the end of the Cold War, and particularly since NATO's independent action in Kosovo in 1999, pressure has developed within UN and US policy circles for more security measures to be 'contracted out' to sub-UN regional organisations. Despite the preponderance of Nigerian influence, ECOMOG is often discussed as an early example of the type of sub-regional, multilateral security forces that are widely expected to have to take up the responsibility for missions that would once have been run by the UN.
References
★ Mitikishe Maxwell Khobe, ''The Evolution and Conduct of ECOMOG Operations in West Africa'', in ''Monograph'' No.44, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
★ Profile: ECOMOG, from BBC News Online, 17 June 2004
★ Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolution 1216 (1998) relative to the situation in Guinea-Bissau, from Afrol News, 17 March 1999
See also
★ List of Military alliances
★ Collective defense
★ Collective security
External links
★ Assessment of ECOMOG's Liberia intervention published in "''Human Rights Watch World Reports''", Volume 5, Issue No. 6, June 1993,
★ ECOMOG: A model for Africa by Comfort Ero, Centre for Defence Studies, King's College London in ''Monograph'' No 46, February 2000 published by the Institute for Security Studies.
★ Profile: Ecomog, BBC News Online, 17 June, 2004.
★ ECOMOG: Peacekeeper or Participant?, BBC News Online, February 11, 1998.
★ Sierra Leone: Information on the 1997 coup d'état, ECOMOG harassment of civilians, and the current situation in Sierra Leone, U.S Citizenship and Immigration Services, 5 January 2000
★ Documentary on ECOMOG involvement in Sierra Leone.
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