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The term 'dilation' may have a number of meanings:
In physiology, where it is synonymous with ''dilatation'', it may mean:

★ Pupil dilation (mydriasis)

★ Dilation of blood vessels (vasodilation)

★ Cervical dilation (or dilation of the cervix) in childbirth

★ Dilation and curettage (surgical dilation)

★ Dilation following vaginoplasty
In mathematics:

★ Dilation on a metric

★ Dilation of an operator
In physics:

★ Dilation (or dilatation) is a scaling transformation (see scale invariance and conformal symmetry)

★ Time dilation
In morphological image processing (a subset of digital image processing):

★ Dilation (morphology)
In music:

★ Dilate, a 1996 album by Ani DiFranco