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Population of Portugal (INE, Lisbon)
Year	Total	Change	Year	Total	Change
1864	4,188,419	-	1950	8,510,240	10.2%
1890	5,049,729	20.5%	1960	8,851,240	4.0%
1911	5,969,056	18,2%	1970	8,648,369	-2.3%
1920	6,032,991	1,1%	1981	9,833,041	13.7%
1930	6,825,883	13.1%	1991	9,862,540	0.3%
1940	7,722,152	13.1%	2001	10,356,117	5.0%

As of 2005 Portugal has 10.7 million inhabitants, of whom about 520,000 are foreigners. In the 2006 Census it had 10,956,117 inhabitants (51,7% female, 48,3% male).
Portugal is a fairly homogeneous country linguistically and religiously. Ethnically, the Portuguese people are mainly a combination of pre-Roman Iberian and Celtic tribes with a fair amount of Roman, Germanic (Visigoths and Suevi) and some minor elements, essentially Arab-Berbers, and Jews.
Furthermore the demographic development is characterized by three trends: increasing longevity, decreasing birth rates and an increasing percentage of population from foreign extraction.
Today, many Eastern Europeans (especially Ukrainians, Moldavians, Romanians and Russians), as well as Brazilians, are making Portugal their home. There is a small number of Chinese. As of 2006 ''Correio da Manhã'', August 28 2006 (in Portuguese) , there were 520,000 legal immigrants in Portugal (more or less 5% of the population), of which the most numerous communities originated in Ukraine (73,000) , Cape Verde (68,000), Brazil (66,000), India (60,000), UK (58,000) , Angola (34,000),Moldova (32,000) Guinea-Bissau (25,000), Spain (16,000) and other . Portuguese is spoken throughout the country, with only the villages of Miranda de Douro's Mirandese dialect recognised as a locally co-official language.

Contents

Urban organization

Metropolitan areas

Most populated municipalities

Portugal's 30 largest cities by population

People

Nationality

Languages

Immigration

Ethnic Minorities and persons with disabilities

Religion

Literacy

Statistics

Population

Age structure

Population growth rate

Birth rate

Death rate

Net migration rate

Sex ratio

Infant mortality rate

Life expectancy at birth

Total fertility rate

References

See also

Urban organization

Metropolitan areas

As of 2001 Census, Portugal had two significant agglomerations: Lisbon Metropolitan Region and Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region (or Porto Metropolitan Agglomeration).^[1] These broader agglomerations are distinct from the political metropolitan areas of Lisbon and Porto - ''Grande Área Metropolitana de Lisboa'' and ''Grande Área Metropolitana do Porto''.

City name	Agglomeration	Metropolitan area	Core municipality
Lisbon	3,34 million	2,641,006	564,657
Porto	2,99 million	1,551,950	238,954

When considering the number of inhabitants in consistent single urban areas, i.e. de facto cities in mainland Portugal, two cities had about one million inhabitants, ten others had more than 50,000 inhabitants. 14 cities had population between 40 and 20 thousand inhabitants. This table does not include cities in the Portuguese islands of Madeira and Azores in mid-Atlantic Ocean.

Single urban area	Metropolitan Area	Agglomeration	Population
Lisbon and surroundings	Greater Lisbon	Lisbon Metropolitan Region	> 1 million
Porto and surroundings	Greater Porto	Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region	< 1 million
Braga		Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region	> 100,000
Coimbra			~ 100,000
Setúbal	Greater Lisbon	Lisbon Metropolitan Region	< 100,000
Póvoa de Varzim-Vila	Greater Porto	Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region	< 100,000
Aveiro			< 100,000
Guimarães		Northern Littoral Urban-Metropolitan Region	< 100,000
Viseu			< 100,000
Leiria		Lisbon Metropolitan Region	~ 50,000
Faro			~ 50,000
Évora			~ 50,000

Portugal has 151 locations with city status (see List of cities in Portugal) and 533 towns (see List of towns in Portugal).

Most populated municipalities

''Denotes the number of inhabitants in the municipality area; area is in km²; only for populations of over 100,000 inhabitants.''

Rank	Municipality	Population	Land Area	Density	Metropolitan area
1	Lisbon	'564,657'	84.8	6,658	Greater Lisbon
2	Sintra	'409,482'	319.2	1,283	Greater Lisbon
3	Vila Nova de Gaia	'288,749'	170.8	1,690	Greater Porto
4	Porto	'238,954'	41.3	5,785	Greater Porto
5	Loures	'199,231'	169.3	1,177	Greater Lisbon
6	Cascais	'181,444'	97.4	1,863	Greater Lisbon
7	Amadora	'176,239'	23.8	7,405	Greater Lisbon
8	Braga	'170,858'	183.2	933
9	Oeiras	'168,475'	45.7	3,687	Greater Lisbon
10	Matosinhos	'168,451'	62.2	2,708	Greater Porto
11	Almada	'164,844'	70.0	2,355	Greater Lisbon
12	Seixal	'164,715'	95.5	1725	Greater Lisbon
13	Gondomar	'164,096'	133,26	1,231	Greater Porto
14	Guimarães	'161,876'	241.3	671
15	Coimbra	'148,474'	319.0	465
16	Odivelas	'143,995'	26.4	5,454	Greater Lisbon
17	Santa Maria da Feira	'142,295'	215.1	661	Greater Porto
18	Vila Franca de Xira	'133,224'	317.7	419	Greater Lisbon
19	Vila Nova de Famalicão	'131,690'	201.7	653
20	Barcelos	'123,831'	378.9	327
21	Setúbal	'120,117'	171.9	699	Greater Lisbon
22	Maia	'120,111'	83,70	1435	Greater Porto
23	Leiria	'119,870'	564.7	212
24	Funchal	'100,847'	75.7	1332

Portugal's 30 largest cities by population

Portugal has 151 localities with city (''cidade'') status. Every city is included into a municipality (''município'') like those in the table above. This is a list of population by city, which means that it refers to the number of inhabitants in the city proper, excluding inhabitants from the same municipality but living outside the urban area of the city in other civil parishes (''freguesias'') of the municipality. In some cases, the entire municipality and the city proper cover the same territory.^[2]

Rank	City name	Population	Metropolitan area	Subregion
1	Lisbon	'564,657'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Grande Lisboa''
2	Porto	'263,131'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
3	Vila Nova de Gaia	'178,255'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
4	Amadora	'175,872'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Grande Lisboa''
5	Braga	'109,460'		''Cávado''
6	Almada	'101,500'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Península de Setúbal''
7	Coimbra	'101,069'		''Baixo Mondego''
8	Funchal	'100,526'		''Madeira''
9	Setúbal	'89,303'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Península de Setúbal''
10	Agualva-Cacém	'81,845'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Grande Lisboa''
11	Queluz	'78,040'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Grande Lisboa''
12	Aveiro	'55,291'		''Baixo Vouga''
13	Guimarães	'52,181'		''Ave''
14	Odivelas	'50,846'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Grande Lisboa''
15	Rio Tinto	'47,695'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
16	Viseu	'47,250'		''Dão-Lafões''
17	Ponta Delgada	'46,102'		''Açores''
18	Matosinhos	'45,703'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
19	Amora	'44,515'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Península de Setúbal''
20	Leiria	'42,745'		''Pinhal Litoral''
21	Faro	'41,934'		''Algarve''
22	Évora	'41,159'		''Alentejo Central''
23	Barreiro	'40,859'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Lisbon	''Península de Setúbal''
24	Póvoa de Varzim	'38,643'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
25	Ermesinde	'38,270'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
26	Viana do Castelo	'36,148'		''Minho-Lima''
27	Maia	'35,625'	Greater Metropolitan Area of Porto	''Grande Porto''
28	Covilhã	'34,772'		''Cova da Beira''
29	Portimão	'32,433'		''Algarve''
30	Castelo Branco	'30,649'		''Beira Interior Sul''

People

Main articles: Portuguese people

Nationality

:''noun:'' Portuguese (singular and plural)
:''adjective:'' Portuguese

Languages

Main articles: Portuguese language

Also ''Mirandês'' (Mirandese language) in the area of Miranda de Douro.

Immigration

In 1992, 1.3% of the population was foreigner, in 2002 the number had grown to 4%,^[3] with a significant size of illegal immigrants with unknown number. Portugal, long a country of emigration, has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the former Indian and African colonies. Today, many Eastern Europeans (especially Ukrainians, Moldavians, Romanians and Russians), as well as Brazilians, are making Portugal their home. There is a small number of Chinese.
As of 2006 ''Correio da Manhã'', August 28 2006 (in Portuguese) , there were 418,000 legal immigrants in Portugal, of which the most numerous communities originated in Cape Verde (68,000), Brazil (64,000), India (60,000), Ukraine (43,000), Angola (34,000), Guinea-Bissau (25,000), UK (18,000), Spain (16,000), and Moldova (15,000).

Ethnic Minorities and persons with disabilities

Anti-racism laws prohibit and penalize racial discrimination in housing, business, and health services. Approximately 500,000 legal immigrants live in the country, representing approximately 5% of the population. The country also has a resident Roma population of approximately 50,000 people.
Discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment, education, access to health care, or the provision of other state services is illegal. The law mandates access to public buildings and to newly-built private buildings for such persons.

Religion

Main articles: Religion in Portugal

The great majority of the Portuguese population belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. Religious observance remains somewhat strong in northern areas, with the population of Lisbon and southern areas generally less devout. Religious minorities include a little over 300,000 Protestants. There are also about 50,000 Muslims and 10,000 Hindus. Most of them came from Goa, a former Portuguese colony on the west coast of India (Some Muslims also came from former Portuguese African colonies with important Muslim minorities: Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe). There are also about 1,000 Jews. Portugal is also home to less than 10,000 Buddhists, mostly Chinese from Macau and a few Indians from Goa.

Literacy

:''definition:age 15 and over can read and write''
:''total population:'' 93.3%
:''male:'' 95.5%
:''female:'' 91.3% (2003 est.)

Statistics

Portugal population 1961-2003, Number of inhabitants in thousands, (2005 Data from FAO)

Population

:10,048,232 (July 2000 est.)
:10,102,022 (July 2003 est.)
:10,524,145 (July 2004 est.)
:10,566,212 (July 2005 est.)
:10,605,870 (July 2006 est.)
:10,642,836 (July 2007 est.)

Age structure

:0-14 years: 16.5% (male 914,480/female 837,525)
:15-64 years: 66.3% (male 3,501,206/female 3,551,706)
:65 years and over: 17.3% (male 757,220/female 1,080,699) (2007 est.)

Population growth rate

:0.18% (2000 est.)
:0.17% (2003 est.)
:0.41% (2004 est.)
:0.39% (2005 est.)
:0.36% (2006 est.)
:0.334% (2007 est.)

Birth rate

:11.49 births/1,000 population (2000 est.)
:11.45 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
:10.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
:10.82 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
:10.72 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
:10.59 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate

:10.2 deaths/1,000 population (2000 est.)
:10.21 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
:10.37 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
:10.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
:10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
:10.56 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate

:0.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2000 est.)
:0.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
:3.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
:3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
:3.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
:3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio

:at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
:under 15 years: 1.092 male(s)/female
:15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 0.701 male(s)/female
:total population: 0.946 male(s)/female (2007 est.)

Infant mortality rate

:6.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2000 est.)
:5.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
:5.13 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
:5.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
:4.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
:4.92 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

:total population: 77.87 years
:male: 74.6 years
:female: 81.36 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate

:1.47 children born/woman (2000 est.)
:1.49 children born/woman (2003 est.)
:1.46 children born/woman (2004 est.)
:1.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
:1.47 children born/woman (2006 est.)
:1.48 children born/woman (2007 est.)

References

1. Fernando Nunes da Silva (2005), Alta Velocidade em Portugal, Desenvolvimento Regional, CENSUR, IST
2. UMA POPULAÇÃO QUE SE URBANIZA, Uma avaliação recente - Cidades, 2004 Nuno Pires Soares, Instituto Geográfico Português (Geographic Institute of Portugal)
3. ACIME, Estatísticas da Imigração

See also

★ Demographic history of Portugal