 | African Union Anthem The historical foundations of the African Union originated in the Union of African States, an early confederation that was established by Kwame Nkrumah in the 1960s, as well as subsequent attempts to unite Africa, including the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), which was established on May 25, 1963, and the African Economic Community in 1981. Critics argued that the OAU in particular did little to protect the rights and liberties of African citizens from their own political leaders, often dubbing it the "Dictators' Club".The idea of creating the AU was revived in the mid-1990s under the leadership of Libyan head of state Muammar al-Qaddafi: the heads of state and government of the OAU issued the Sirte Declaration (named after Sirte, in Libya) on September 9, 1999, calling for the establishment of an African Union. The Declaration was followed by summits at Lomé in 2000, when the Constitutive Act of the African Union was adopted, and at Lusaka in 2001, when the plan for the implementation of the African Union was adopted. During the same period, the initiative for the establishment of the New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD), was also established.The African Union was launched in Durban on July 9, 2002, by its first president, South African Thabo Mbeki, at the first session of the Assembly of the African Union. The second session of the Assembly was in Maputo in 2003, and the third session in Addis Ababa on July 6,2004. Current members:Algeria,Angola,Benin,Botswana,Burkina Faso, Burundi,Cameroon, Cape Verde ,Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros,Côte d'Ivoire,Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo,Djibouti,Egypt,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Ethiopia,Gabon,Gambia ,Ghana,Guinea , Guinea Bissau,Kenya, Lesotho,Liberia,Libya,Madagascar,Malawi, Mali, Mauritania,Mauritius, Mozambique,Namibia,Niger,Nigeria,Rwanda,Sahrawi,Arab,Democratic,Republic,São Tomé and Príncipe,Senegal,Seychelles,Sierra Leone,Somalia,South Africa,Sudan, Swaziland,Tanzania, Togo,Tunisia,Uganda,Zambia,Zimbabwe Former members : Morocco left the AU's predecessor (the Organization of African Unity) in 1984 Morocco's withdrawal The only African state that is not a member of the African Union is Morocco, which left the AU's predecessor, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), in 1984, when many of the other member states supported the Sahrawi nationalist Polisario Front's Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.[4][5] Morocco's ally, Zaire, similarly opposed the OAU's admission of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, and the Mobutu regime boycotted the organisation from 1984 to 1986.[6] Some countries have since retracted their support for the Sahrawi Republic. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761566763/African_Union.html |
 | amazigh women struggle For the Moroccan government, the Democratic Party Amazigh Morocco is not legitimate You forget honorable minister "very democratic" the famous Eternal and "democratic" old slogan "Grand Maghreb (to) ARAB "which we are conditioned since Long Then Why not consider that the term "Arab" About the great Maghreb he also outlawed! Speaking of the union of the great Arab Maghreb is racist and Xenophobic if we follow the logic (and reasoning Intelligent our sacred Moroccan Minister of the Interior) to About the Democratic Party Amazigh, because this slogan arabiste pure "Arab Maghreb Union", excluded the Amazigh! Relying solely on the basis of language (as the Minister on the PDA) and ignores the fact the vast Amazigh component of the great Arab Maghreb. As if the millions of citizens Maghreb Amazigh Do not exist, and are deprived of their right to exist in Their country, The fundamentalists of Arabization have so made a habit Crush Amazigh culture, which they do not support Lower expression of existence of the Amazigh And then we want him in addition prohibit political party Defending Amazighism for all Moroccans, This is the way action by the "democracy" integrist Arabisante in Morocco, Then we were led to believe that there is an action in court Morocco (Arabic) as if there is any justice in this country. Both the ban immediately without going because court There is still no justice or democracy in Morocco. State gangrené by corruption, and racism against Amazigh |
 | MAXIUMUS Present: Welcome to Algeria Algeria (Arabic: الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir IPA: [ɛlʤɛˈzɛːʔir], Berber: Image:Algeria tifinagh.JPG, Dzayer [ldzæjər]), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is the second largest country on the African continent.[1] It is bordered by Tunisia in the northeast, Libya in the east, Niger in the southeast, Mali and Mauritania in the southwest, and Morocco as well as a few kilometers of the Western Sahara in the west. Algeria is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Arab League and Opec. It also contributed towards the creation of the Arab Maghreb Union. Constitutionally, Algeria is defined as an Islamic, Arab, and Amazigh (Berber) country. |
 | US Foreign Policy & Redrawing the Middle East - 1/6 Azmi Bishara is a Christian Arab human rights activist and Israeli citizen from Nazareth. He is the founder of the Arab Students Union in Israel and the National Democratic Assembly (Balad); former Head of the Philosophy Department at Bir Zeit University; and a senior researcher in the Van Leer Institute, Jerusalem. In this talk, Dr. Bishara discusses the radical change from a unipolar world, since the fall of the Soviet Union, to the mode of unilateralism and what this means in the context of international relations. Bishara seeks to highlight this shift by drawing on methods and justifications used prior to the the war on Iraq. He also investigates the dawning reality of 'global terrorism' and how this has influenced this shift. He dedicates a large part of the talk however, to the Arab-Israeli conflict and the pivotal role that US foreign policy has in settling this age-long conflict. |
 | NATIONAL ANTHEM OF United Arab Republic Established on February 1, 1958, as a first step towards a pan-Arab state, the UAR was created when a group of political and military leaders in Syria proposed a merger of the two states to Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser. Pan-Arab sentiment was very strong in Syria, and Nasser was a popular hero throughout the Arab world following the Suez War of 1956. There was thus considerable popular support in Syria for union with Nasser's Egypt. The immediate causes of the union were more specific. The increasing strength of the Syrian Communist Party, under the leadership of Khalid Bakdash, was worrying other political and social groups in Syria, and the Syrian Ba'th Party was also suffering from an internal crisis from which prominent members were anxious to find an escape. Syria had had a democratic government since the overthrow of Adib al-Shishakli's military regime in 1954, and the popular pressure for Arab unity was reflected in the composition of parliament. The strength of this popular sentiment was such that the Communist Party and the Muslim Brotherhood both took a positive stance towards unification, despite Nasser's repression of the two parties' organizations in Egypt. The Syrian elite also hoped to find new markets in Egypt. |
 | US Foreign Policy & Redrawing the Middle East - 3/6 Azmi Bishara is a Christian Arab human rights activist and Israeli citizen from Nazareth. He is the founder of the Arab Students Union in Israel and the National Democratic Assembly (Balad); former Head of the Philosophy Department at Bir Zeit University; and a senior researcher in the Van Leer Institute, Jerusalem. In this talk, Dr. Bishara discusses the radical change from a unipolar world, since the fall of the Soviet Union, to the mode of unilateralism and what this means in the context of international relations. Bishara seeks to highlight this shift by drawing on methods and justifications used prior to the the war on Iraq. He also investigates the dawning reality of 'global terrorism' and how this has influenced this shift. He dedicates a large part of the talk however, to the Arab-Israeli conflict and the pivotal role that US foreign policy has in settling this age-long conflict. |
 | US Foreign Policy & Redrawing the Middle East - 2/6 Azmi Bishara is a Christian Arab human rights activist and Israeli citizen from Nazareth. He is the founder of the Arab Students Union in Israel and the National Democratic Assembly (Balad); former Head of the Philosophy Department at Bir Zeit University; and a senior researcher in the Van Leer Institute, Jerusalem. In this talk, Dr. Bishara discusses the radical change from a unipolar world, since the fall of the Soviet Union, to the mode of unilateralism and what this means in the context of international relations. Bishara seeks to highlight this shift by drawing on methods and justifications used prior to the the war on Iraq. He also investigates the dawning reality of 'global terrorism' and how this has influenced this shift. He dedicates a large part of the talk however, to the Arab-Israeli conflict and the pivotal role that US foreign policy has in settling this age-long conflict. |
 | US Foreign Policy & Redrawing the Middle East - 6/6 Azmi Bishara is a Christian Arab human rights activist and Israeli citizen from Nazareth. He is the founder of the Arab Students Union in Israel and the National Democratic Assembly (Balad); former Head of the Philosophy Department at Bir Zeit University; and a senior researcher in the Van Leer Institute, Jerusalem. In this talk, Dr. Bishara discusses the radical change from a unipolar world, since the fall of the Soviet Union, to the mode of unilateralism and what this means in the context of international relations. Bishara seeks to highlight this shift by drawing on methods and justifications used prior to the the war on Iraq. He also investigates the dawning reality of 'global terrorism' and how this has influenced this shift. He dedicates a large part of the talk however, to the Arab-Israeli conflict and the pivotal role that US foreign policy has in settling this age-long conflict. |
 | US Foreign Policy & Redrawing the Middle East - 4/6 Azmi Bishara is a Christian Arab human rights activist and Israeli citizen from Nazareth. He is the founder of the Arab Students Union in Israel and the National Democratic Assembly (Balad); former Head of the Philosophy Department at Bir Zeit University; and a senior researcher in the Van Leer Institute, Jerusalem. In this talk, Dr. Bishara discusses the radical change from a unipolar world, since the fall of the Soviet Union, to the mode of unilateralism and what this means in the context of international relations. Bishara seeks to highlight this shift by drawing on methods and justifications used prior to the the war on Iraq. He also investigates the dawning reality of 'global terrorism' and how this has influenced this shift. He dedicates a large part of the talk however, to the Arab-Israeli conflict and the pivotal role that US foreign policy has in settling this age-long conflict. |
 | Yemen Democratic Republic National Anthem The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Democratic Yemen, South Yemen or Yemen (Aden) was a state in present-day southern Yemen. It united with the Yemen Arab Republic, commonly known as North Yemen, on May 22, 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen. However, during 1994 civil war in Yemen, the North Yemen Army invaded South Yemen in the name of ensuring unification and took over all the country. The South Yemeni leader now lives in exile. Since 2000, a movement for South Yemeni independence has formed. British interests in the area which would later become the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (PDRY) began to grow when on January 19, 1839, British East India Company forces captured the port of Aden, to provide a coaling station for ships en route to India. Aden was ruled as part of British India until 1937, when the city of Aden became the Colony of Aden. The Aden hinterland and Hadhramaut to the east formed the remainder of what would become South Yemen and was not administered directly by Aden but were tied to Britain by treaties of protection with local rulers of traditional polities that, together, became known as the Aden Protectorate. Economic development was largely centred in Aden, and while the city flourished, the states of the Aden Protectorate stagnated. In 1963, Aden and much of the Protectorate were joined to form the Federation of South Arabia with the remaining states that declined to join, mainly in Hadhramaut, forming the Protectorate of South Arabia. Both of these polities were still tied to Britain with promises of total independence in 1968. Two nationalist groups, the Front for the Liberation of Occupied South Yemen (FLOSY) and the National Front, الجبهة القوميّة (NF), began an armed struggle on 14 October 1963 against British control and, with the temporary closure of the Suez Canal in 1967, the British began to withdraw. Southern Yemen became independent as the People's Republic of South Yemen on 30 November 1967, and the NF consolidated its control in the country. In June 1969, a radical Marxist wing of NF gained power and changed the country's name on 1 December 1970, to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen. In the PDRY, all political parties were amalgamated into the Yemeni Socialist Party (YSP), which became the only legal party. The PDRY established close ties with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, Cuba, and radical Palestinians. The major communist powers assisted in the building of the PDRY's armed forces. Strong support from Moscow resulted in Soviet naval forces gaining access to naval facilities in South Yemen. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Democratic_Republic |
 | A.U. Suspends Mauritania ANCHOR: In Africa, the nation of Mauritania is facing an uncertain future after a military coup last week. Coup leaders have promised a return to democracy, but now the African Union says it will suspend the nation until democracy is restored. Here's more: STORY: The African Union (A.U.) chair Tanzania said on Saturday that the A.U. will suspend Mauritania until democracy is restored. It comes after soldiers overthrew the country's first democractically elected president on Wednesday. An Arab League team met the coup leader on Saturday. And one Arab League official said he had been given assurances of a return to democracy, but not a date for elections. [Ahmed Ben Hilli, Arab League Asst. Sec. Gen. for Pol. Affairs]: "He assured me that democracy will continue and will take root. The democratic state will continue and he assured me that the interest of Mauritania lies in having a democratic voice and that the parties, the national assembly, the senate, continue their work and that there will be a government." The country's new leaders said on Friday (August 8) they would appoint a new government to run the country until new elections. But condemnation of the coup has been widespread and Washington has frozen all non-humanitarian aid to the country, which is also one of the continent's newest oil producers. |
 | Yemen... The hidden Jewel of Arabia اليمن الجمهورية اليمنية أو اليمن وهي تقع جنوب شبه الجزيرة العربية في جنوب غرب آسيا. يحدها من الشمال السعودية ومن الشرق عُمان. لها ساحل جنوبي على بحر العرب و ساحل غربي على البحر الأحمر.يشرف اليمن على مضيق باب المندب و لديه عدة جزر في البحر الأحمر و بحر العرب أهمها جزيرة سقطرة . كانت حتى عام 1990 تتشكل من دولتين عرفتا باسمي الجمهورية العربية اليمنية في الشمال وجمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية في الجنوب Land of the Queen of Sheba... where coffee was discovered and its famous port of Moka history of yemen with a asel abu bakr song 1200 BCE: Rich culture. 950-115 BCE: Kingdom of Sheba, whose riches were based upon caravan trade and agriculture with artificial watering. Around 400: The Sabaean king of Yemen visits Yathrib in Arabia, and converts to Judaism. He makes it the state religion of Yemen. 7th century: Conversion into Islam, the region joins the Caliphate. 9th century- 1517 Shi'i (Zayyid) dynasties in the north. 1517-1635: Ottoman supremacy. 1538: Aden captured by the Ottomans. 19th century: British establishes a foothold on the southern coast. 1839: The British captures Aden. 1869: The building of the Suez Canal brings Aden to an important position in international trade. 1882- 1918: The British increases its position into most of what became South Yemen (incl. Hadramawt). 1918: (Northern) Yemen gets independence with the fall of the Ottoman Empire. 1918- 34: Conflict between Yemen and the British on the status of Aden and Hadramawt. 1958- 61: Yemen enters a union with United Arab Republic. 1959: Small states in the areas around Aden and in Hadramawt establishes The South Arabian Federation. 1962: Republican coup in Yemen against the Zayyidi Caliph. Civil war starts. Egypt supports the republicans, Saudi Arabia the Caliph's party. 1962: Aden joins The South Arabian Federation. 1967: Civil war ends in the north. 1967: Independence for People's Republic South Yemen. 1969: Communists win a conflict in South Yemen. Name changes to People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1970). 1970: Treaty between the two groups of the civil war in the north. Republic remains. 1972: Military conflict between the northern and the southern Yemen. Peace treaty concludes with a forthcoming unification of the two countries. 1974: Coup in the north. 1978: Ali Abdallah Salah becomes the new president of the northern Yemen. 1978- 79: Crisis and war between the north and south of Yemen. 1988, 1989: Treaties on unity are signed. 1990: Unification. Ali Abdallah Salah becomes president of the united Yemen. 1991: Referendum on new constitution. 1991- 92: Unstable conditions and popular unrest. 1993: Democratic elections, several parties. Salah remains president. 1993: Disputes between prime minister Abu Bakru l-Attas (from the south) and Salah on the road of unification. 1994: Civil war starts in late spring. Mainly located to the south, around Aden. South declares its new independence in the summer. In the fall the northern forces get too strong, and force the south back to the united country. yemen is a memeber of the arab and islamic league in thier office in jeddah ksa and cairo egypt. Yemen is also one of the 200 countries of the un in nyc us info: none of these pictures are mine but are taken from all over the net as well as the song |
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