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'Decipherment' is the analysis of documents written in ancient languages, where the language is unknown, or knowledge of the language has been lost.
It is closely related to cryptanalysis — the difference being that the original document was not deliberately written to be difficult to decipher.
The term has also been used to describe the analysis of the genetic code information encoded in DNA - see the Human Genome Project article for more on this.
Some people have also used the word metaphorically to mean something like 'understanding'.
Examples of document decipherment:

★ Cuneiform writing

★ Egyptian hieroglyphic writing

★ The Indus script found in Harappa

★ Kharoshthi script

★ Linear A

★ Linear B

★ Maya writing

★ Olmec writing
Famous documents that have been the subject of actual or attempted decipherment:

★ the Dresden Codex

★ the Phaistos Disc

★ the Rosetta Stone

★ the Behistun Inscription

★ the Voynich Manuscript

★ the Rohonc Codex
Famous decipherers:

★ Michael Ventris

★ Jean-François Champollion

★ Georg Friedrich Grotefend

★ Yuri Knorosov

Contents

See also

External links

See also

★ Archaeology

★ Linguistics

★ List of undeciphered writing systems

★ List of famous ciphertexts

★ Writing systems

External links

★ Ancient Languages and Scripts

★ http://www.cs.mcgill.ca/~fsaber1/language/MysteryCuneiform.html

★ How come we can't decipher the Indus script? (from The Straight Dope)