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This is a list of wars and man-made disasters by death toll. Some events overlap categories.
''See also: List of battles and other violent events by death toll''
''For natural disasters see: List of natural disasters by death toll''

Contents

Wars and armed conflicts

Noncombatant killings

Genocide

Individual extermination camps

Man-made famines

Human sacrifice and ritual suicide

Footnotes

See also

External links

Wars and armed conflicts

''These figures of one million or more deaths include the deaths of civilians from diseases, famine, etc. as well as deaths of soldiers in battle.
''Where only one estimate is available, it appears in both the low and high estimates. This is a sortable table. Click on the column sort buttons to sort results numerically or alphabetically.''
'
''See also List of wars''

Lowest Estimate	Highest Estimate	Event	Location	From	To	See also
40,000,000[1]	71,000,000[2]	World War II	Asia, Europe, Africa, Pacific	1939	1945	World War II casualties
33,000,000[3]	33,000,000	An Shi Rebellion	China	756	763	Medieval warfare
30,000,000[4]	60,000,000[5]	Mongol Conquests	Asia, Europe, Middle East	1207	1279	Mongol invasions and Tatar invasions
25,000,000[6]|| 25,000,000 ||Manchu conquest of Ming Dynasty||China||1616||1662|| Qing Dynasty
20,000,000[7]	20,000,000	Taiping Rebellion	China	1851	1864	Dungan revolt
20,000,000[8]	20,000,000	Second Sino-Japanese War	China	1931	1945
19,000,000	119,000,000	World War I. ''(High estimate includes Spanish flu deaths)''	Europe	1914	1918	World War I casualties
10,000,000	10,000,000	Warring States Era	China	BC475	BC221	List of conflicts in Asia
7,000,000Timur Lenk (1369-1405)	20,000,000	Conquests of Timur the Lame	Middle East, India, Asia, Russia	1369	1405	List of wars in the Muslim world[9]
5,000,000	9,000,000[10]	Russian Civil War	Russia	1917	1921	List of civil wars
3,800,000[11]	13,800,000	Second Congo War	Democratic Republic of the Congo	1998	2003
3,500,000	16,000,000	Napoleonic Wars	Europe	1804	1815	see Napoleonic Wars casualties
3,000,000	11,500,000[12]	Thirty Years' War	Germany	1618	1648
3,000,000	7,000,000	Yellow Turban Rebellion	China	184	205	part of Three Kingdoms War
2,500,000	3,500,000[13]	Korean War	Korean Peninsula	1950	1953	Cold War
2,495,000	5,020,000	Vietnam War	South East Asia	1945	1975
2,000,000	4,000,000[14]	French Wars of Religion	France	1562	1598	Religious war
2,000,000[15]	2,000,000	Shaka's conquests	Africa	1816	1828
1,500,000	2,000,000	Afghan Civil War	Afghanistan	1979	present	Soviet intervention
1,300,000	6,100,000	Chinese Civil War	China	1928	1949	''This figure excludes World War II casualties''
1,000,000	1,000,000	Iran-Iraq War	Persian Gulf	1980	1988
1,000,000	1,000,000	Second Sudanese Civil War	Southern Sudan	1983	2002	Persecution of Christians
1,000,000	1,000,000	Nigerian Civil War	Nigeria	1967	1970

Noncombatant killings

''This section lists campaigns either aimed at or resulting in significant mortality of noncombatants, excluding victims of collateral damage from war.''

Lowest Estimate	Highest Estimate	Event	Location	From	To	See also
1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
27,000,000[16]	72,000,000[17]	Political repression & Great Leap Forward famine, see note[18]	Peoples Republic of China	1949	1975	Mao Zedong.
21,000,000[19] || 21,000,000 ||Democides of Nazi Germany under Hitler, including the Holocaust || Europe || 1933 || 1945 || see Holocaust and Consequences of German Nazism
13,778,000R J Rummel, ''Pre-20th Century Democide: Estimates, Sources and Calculations, Table 2.1A'' - see line 212.	15,000,000[20]	Democide of Native Americans	Americas	1500s	1900	Amerindian history
6,000,000[21]	60,000,000[22]	Atlantic slave trade (including African tribal warfare promoted by the trade)	Africa, Americas	1600's	1900's	African slave trade
6,000,000[23]	30,000,000[24]	Imperial Japan's occupation of Asia	Asia	1930's	1945	Japanese war crimes
3,600,000[25]	20,000,000[26]	Arab slave trade	Africa, Asia, Europe	800's	2000's	Islam & slavery and Slavery in Modern Africa
3,000,000White - Congo Free State	22,000,000	Depopulation (from forced labour & consequent spread of disease, massacres)	Congo Free State	1877	1908	Leopold II of Belgium
1,000,000	5,000,000Rummel - Chapter 3Pre-Twentieth Century Democide || Democide of Chinese Muslims || China || 1856 || 1873 || Panthay Rebellion Muslim Rebellion
800,000	1,000,000	India-Pakistan Partition	India	1947	1948
500,000+[27]	500,000+	Anticommunist purge	Indonesia	1965	1965
400,000	400,000	Taiwan under Japanese rule	Taiwan	1895	1945
300,000	300,000	Democide	Uganda	1971	1979	Idi Amin
300,000	300,000	Ethnic cleansing of Circassians	Caucasus	1763	1864	Russian-Circassian War.
150,000	150,000	Harrying of the North	England	1069	1070	William the Conqueror
100,000	1,200,000	Democide of Tibetans (included in totals for People's Republic of China above)	Tibet	1950	present	Tibetan genocide trial and Human rights in China
72,000+	252,000	Russian pogroms	Russia	1881	1922	Revolution/Civil War
72,000	72,000	Executions	England	1509	1547	Henry VIII
40,000	100,000[28]	Massacres	Wallachia	1448	1462	Vlad III the Impaler
18,000	60,000	Reign of Terror	France	1793	1794	Jacobin Club
40,000	40,000	Witch hunts	Europe	1450	1700
30,000	30,000	Political repression	Haiti	1964	1971	"Papa Doc" Duvalier
15,000	23,000[29]	Political repression	Cuba	1959	2007	Fidel Castro
12,000	24,000	The 228 Incident	Taiwan	1947	1947	Kwo Mintang (KMT)
10,000	30,000	The Dirty War	Argentina	1976	1983
3,000	3,000	Political repression	Chile	1973	1990	Augusto Pinochet
0	0

Genocide

''The CPPCG defines genocide in part as "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". The following is a list of genocides or alleged genocides that appear in the article genocides in history''

Lowest Estimate	Highest Estimate	Event	Location	From	To	See also
1,000,000,000	1,000,000,000
10,000,000[30]	26,000,000	Genocides of Nazi Germany under Hitler, including the Holocaust	Europe	1933	1945	see Holocaust and Consequences of German Nazism
6,000,000	8,000,000	Holodomor famine	Soviet Union	1932	1932	Number of Stalin's victims
1,700,000	3,000,000	Genocide	Kampuchea	1975	1979	Khmer Rouge
1,000,000	3,000,000	Armenian genocide	Turkey	1895	1923	Assyrian Genocide Greek Genocide
800,000	800,000	Rwandan genocide	Rwanda	1994	1994
400,000	700,000[31]	Ustashe genocide of Serbs, Jews, Roma	Balkans	1941	1945	Independent State of Croatia
400,000	400,000	Ethnic cleansing/genocide of black Africans	Sudan	2003	2007	Darfur conflict
300,000	3,000,000	Bangladesh/Pakistan partition	Pakistan	1971	1971
225,000	225,000	Depopulation of Australian aborigines (inc. massacres, introduced disease)	Australia	1788	1888	History wars [1]
200,000	200,000	Burundi genocide	Burundi	1972	1972
130,000	200,000	Genocide, massacres	Guatemala	1962	1996	Efrain Rios Montt
117,000	500,000	Revolt in the Vendée	France	1793	1796	French Revolution
150,000	300,000	Genocide, political repression	East Timor	1975	1990's
100,000	400,000	Genocide of West Papuans	Indonesia	1961	present	Genocide in West Papua
40,000	100,000	Herero and Namaqua genocide	Namibia	1904	1908	Imperial Germany
8,000[32]	8,000	Genocidal massacre	Srebenica	1995	1995	Srebenica massacre, Bosnia war

Individual extermination camps

★ 1,000,000-1,400,000^[33] - Treblinka extermination camp, (by Nazi Germany, located in Treblinka, Poland, 1942-1943)

★ 800,000-4,000,000^[34] - Auschwitz extermination camp (by Nazi-Germany, located in Oświęcim, Poland, 1940-1945)

★ 53,000 ^[35]-840,000^[36] - Jasenovac extermination camp - (by NDH Ustaše nazi regime in Croatia. Most of the victims were Serbs)

★ 480,000-600,000^[37][38][39] - Belzec extermination camp, (by Nazi Germany, located in Belzec Poland, 1942-1943)

★ 350,000 - Majdanek extermination camp, (by Nazi Germany, located in Lublin Poland, 1942-1944)

★ 300,000 - Chelmno extermination camp, (by Nazi Germany, located in Chelmno Poland, 1941-1943)

★ 260,000 - Sobibór extermination camp, (by Nazi Germany, located in Sobibor Poland, 1942-1943)

★ 55,000 - Neuengamme concentration camp, (by Nazi Germany, located by Hamburg, Germany, 1938-1945)

Man-made famines

This section includes famines alleged by some researchers to have been caused partly or wholly by human agency.
''See also Famine and List of famines''

Lowest Estimate	Highest Estimate	Event	Location	From	To	Other
51,000,000	51,000,000+	Famines in India under the British East India Company and the British Raj	India	1630	1943
20,000,000	43,000,000	Great Leap Forward famine under the Chinese Communist Party led by Mao Zedong	People's Republic of China	1959	1962	Chinese scholars record 1,828 famines from 108 B.C. to 1911
6,000,000	8,000,000	Famine in the Soviet Union, under the leadership of Joseph Stalin	Russia	1932	1933	See also Holodomor
5,000,000	5,000,000	Bengal famine of 1943	Bangladesh and West Bengal	1943	1943	Included in figure for British Raj
500,000	2,000,000	Great Irish Famine in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	Ireland	1846	1849
400,000	2,000,000	Vietnamese Famine of 1945 under French and Imperial Japanese administration	Vietnam	1945	1945

Human sacrifice and ritual suicide

''This section lists tolls from the systematic practice of human sacrifice or suicide. For notable individual episodes, see Human sacrifice and mass sucide.''

Low Estimate	High Estimate	Description	Group	Location	From	To	See also
2,000,000	2,000,000	Human sacrifice	Aztecs	Mexico	1400's	1600's	Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
2,000,000	2,000,000	Human sacrifice	Thuggee	India	1300's	1890
62,400	62,400	Ritual suicides	Sati	India	1900's	1988?
13,000[40]	13,000	Human sacrifice	Shang dynasty	China	BC1300	BC1050	Last 250 years of rule
3,912	3,912	Kamikaze suicide pilots, see note [41]	Imperial Japanese air forces	Pacific theatre	1944	1945	Seppuku

Footnotes

1. Wallinsky, David: ''David Wallechinsky's Twentieth Century : History With the Boring Parts Left Out'', Little Brown & Co., 1996, ISBN 0316920568, ISBN 978-0316920568 - cited by White
2. Brzezinski, Zbigniew: ''Out of Control: Global Turmoil on the Eve of the Twenty-first Century'', Prentice Hall & IBD, 1994, ASIN B000O8PVJI - cited by White
3. Sorokin, Pitirim: ''The Sociology of Revolution'', New York, H. Fertig, 1967, OCLC 325197 - cited by White
4. Mongol Conquests
5. The world's worst massacres Whole Earth Review
6. McFarlane, Alan: ''The Savage Wars of Peace: England, Japan and the Malthusian Trap'', Blackwell 2003, ISBN 0631181172,ISBN 978-0631181170 - cited by White
7. Taiping Rebellion - Britannica Concise
8. BBC - History - Nuclear Power: The End of the War Against Japan
9. Matthew's White's website (a compilation of scholarly estimates) -Miscellaneous Oriental Atrocities
10. Russian Civil War
11. Inside Congo, An Unspeakable Toll
12. The Thirty Years War (1618-48)
13. Cease-fire agreement marks the end of the Korean War on July 27, 1953.
14. Huguenot Religious Wars, Catholic vs. Huguenot (1562-1598)
15. Shaka: Zulu Chieftain
16. John Heidenrich, ''How to Prevent Genocide: A Guide for Policymakers, Scholars, and the Concerned Citizen'', cited by White
17. Rummel - China's Bloody Century.
18. The estimates listed here include 20-43 million victims of the Great Leap Forward famine. RJ Rummel believes the regime knew about and tolerated the famine, which would thus in his opinion make it a democide. The famine high estimate of 43 million is therefore included as a component of the table's high estimate. The table's low estimate similarly includes a famine component, but since it has not been established whether the source in this case also regards the famine as a wilful crime, the estimate is subject to revision and should be treated with particular caution.
19. R J Rummel, ''Democide: Nazi Genocide and Mass Murder'' Transaction Publishers 1992, extract.
20. David Barrett, ''World Christian Trends'', cited by White
21. A. Greebaum, ''Is the Holocaust Unique'', 1996, cited by White
22. David Stannard, ''American Holocaust'' 1992, cited by White
23. Rummel - Democides of Imperial Japan.
24. Johnson, Chalmers, London Review of Books:The Looting of Asia
25. Rummel - Oriental slave trade (see line 74).
26. The Forgotten Holocaust: The Eastern Slave Trade
27. Forbes, Mark: Indonesian academics fight burning of books on 1965 coup, Sydney Morning Herald, August 9 2007, accessed 22 August 2007.
28. Vlad II the Impaler
29. http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat6.htm
30. The Holocaust
31. Twentieth Century Atlas - Death Tolls
32. While the ICJ found that "genocidal acts" had been carried out throughout the war, the court was able to definitely establish genocidal intent in only one case, the Srebenica massacre: ''Serbia found guilty of failure to prevent and punish genocide'', Sense Agency 26 Feb 2007, accessed 29 August 2007
33. Encyclopedia Americana
34. Brian Harmon, John Drobnicki, Historical sources and the Auschwitz death toll estimates
35. Jewish virtual library
36. Vladimir Dedijer - The Yugoslav Auschwitz and the Vatican
Buffalo (NY) 1992 ISBN-13: 978-0-87975-752-6
37. Peter Witte and Stephen Tyas, ''A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during "Einsatz Reinhardt" 1942'', Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Vol. 15, No. 3, Winter 2001, ISBN 0-19-922506-0
38. Raul Hilberg, ''The Destruction of the European Jews'', Yale University Press, 2003, revised hardcover edition, ISBN 0-300-09557-0
39. Yitzhak Arad, ''Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka. The Operation Reinhard Death Camps'', Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987, NCR 0-253-34293-7
40. ''National Geographic'', July 2003, cited by White
41. This toll is only for the number of Japanese pilots killed in Kamikaze suicide missions. It does not include the number of enemy combatants killed by such missions, which is estimated to be around 4,000. Kamikaze pilots are estimated to have sunk or damaged beyond repair some 70 to 80 allied ships, representing about 80% of allied shipping losses in the final phase of the war in the Pacific (see Kamikaze article).

See also

''Other lists organized by death toll''

★ List of natural disasters by death toll

★ List of battles and other violent events by death toll

★ List of accidents and disasters by death toll

★ List of United Kingdom disasters by death toll

★ Most prolific murderers by number of victims
''Other lists with similar topics''

★ List of wars | List of battles | List of invasions

★ List of massacres | List of terrorist incidents | List of riots

★ List of disasters | List of historic fires | List of famines

★ List of earthquakes | List of notable tropical cyclones

★ List of rail accidents

★ Lists of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners
''Topics dealing with similar themes''

★ Mass murder | Genocide | Democide

★ Famine | Infectious diseases

★ Genocide in history

★ Mass deaths and atrocities of the twentieth century

★ Most lethal battles in world history

★ United States casualties of war

★ Invasion and occupation of Iraq casualties

External links

★ Bloodiest Battles of the 20th Century

★ Death Tolls for Battles of the 16th, 17th, 18th & 19th Centuries

★ Wars of the 20th Century

★ The world's worst massacres Whole Earth Review

★ War Disaster and Genocide

★ Killers of the 20th Century

★ Soviet Prisoners of War: Forgotten Nazi Victims of World War II

★ Top 100 aviation disasters on AirDisaster.com