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'Dario Argento' (born September 7 1940) is an Italian film director, producer and screenwriter. Argento is best known for his work in the horror film genre, particularly in the subgenre known as giallo, and for his influence on modern horror and slasher movies.
Argento and former partner Daria Nicolodi are the parents of actress Asia Argento.

Contents

Early career

Giallo years

Supernatural years

Later years

Concluding his trilogy

Critical reception

Trivia

Quotes

Filmography

As director

As writer (not director)

As producer (neither writer nor director)

External links

Early career

Argento was born in Rome. His parents were Salvatore Argento, a film producer, and Brazilian fashion model Elda Luxardo. He started his career in film as a critic, writing for various magazines while still attending high school.
Argento did not attend college, electing rather to take a job as a columnist at the newspaper ''Paese Sera''. While working at the newspaper, Argento also began to work as a screenwriter. His most notable work was for Sergio Leone; he and Bernardo Bertolucci collaborated on the story for the spaghetti western classic ''Once Upon a Time in the West''. Soon after that film's release in 1969, Argento began work on his directorial debut, ''The Bird with the Crystal Plumage'', which was released in 1970 and was a major hit in Italy.
His directing style was influenced by Mario Bava, Riccardo Freda, Sergio Leone, Alfred Hitchcock, Michelangelo Antonioni, Ingmar Bergman, and Federico Fellini.

Giallo years

Early in his directing career, he continued to concentrate largely on the giallo genre (more precisely known as "thrilling" in Italy, as the word "" (Italian for ''yellow'') usually refers to generic mystery works). The films, like the lurid yellow-covered murder-mystery novels they were inspired by, followed the suspense tradition of hardboiled American detective fiction while incorporating baroque scenes of violence and excess. Director Mario Bava is credited with inventing the giallo film; Argento's passion in developing the genre has earned him widespread recognition as the key influence in popularising giallo cinema outside of Italy, and his unique vision has earned him acclaim as an 'auteur' director.
Argento directed two further successful thrillers, ''The Cat o' Nine Tails'' (1971) and ''Four Flies on Grey Velvet'' (1972). Alongside ''The Bird with the Crystal Plumage'', these initial three films are frequently referred to as Argento's "animal trilogy". The director then turned his attention away from giallo movies, filming two Italian TV dramas and a period comedy (''Five Days in Milan'') in 1973 before returning to thrillers with 1975's ''Deep Red'', frequently cited by many critics as the best giallo ever made. The film made Argento famous internationally, and inspired a number of other directors to work in the genre (John Carpenter has frequently referred to the influence Argento's early work had on ''Halloween''). It also marked the start of Argento's long creative relationship with composer Claudio Simonetti and his Italian progressive rock group Goblin.

Supernatural years

Argento's next movie, ''Suspiria'' (1977), an extremely violent supernatural thriller, is considered by many fans to be his best work, alongside ''Deep Red''. Freed from the constraints of the more conventional giallo format, ''Suspiria'' is a semi-surreal work of art, where plot and character become secondary to sound and vision. Argento planned for ''Suspiria'' to be the first of a trilogy about "The Three Mothers", three ancient witches residing in three different modern cities. The second movie of the trilogy was 1980's ''Inferno'', which went even further towards pure art. However, so far he has not completed the trilogy. The third movie in the trilogy has recently wrapped production and release date in America is pending.

In-between the two "mothers", in 1978 Argento collaborated with George Romero on ''Dawn of the Dead'', earning a producer credit on the zombie classic. Argento oversaw the European release of the film (where it was titled ''Zombi'') which was much shorter and featured much more of the score written and performed by Goblin.
After ''Inferno'', Argento returned to more conventional giallo with ''Tenebrae'' (1982). Then attempted to combine giallo and supernatural fantasy together in ''Phenomena'', also known as ''Creepers'' (1985), which was one of Jennifer Connelly's first movies. ''Phenomena'' also showed Argento's predilection for using new technology, with its many prowling Steadicam shots. Both of these movies received a lukewarm reception upon release (although each has been re-appraised retrospectively).
Argento subsequently took a break from directing to write two screenplays for Mario Bava's son Lamberto Bava, ''Demoni'' (1985) and ''Demoni 2'' (1986).

Later years

''Opera'' followed in 1987, and was, according to Argento, a "very unpleasant experience". Set in Parma's Regio Theatre during a production of Verdi's ''Macbeth'', the movie was beset in real life by misfortunes that Argento suspected were caused by the traditional "curse" on Macbeth. Argento's father died during the production, Vanessa Redgrave dropped out of the project before filming began, he had problems working with his former long-time girlfriend and collaborator Daria Nicolodi on-set, and the cast and crew were plagued by minor accidents and mishaps. The movie was again not particularly well received by fans or critics, despite showcasing Argento's skill with color and composition, and featuring some technically impressive camera movements (the ravens' descent in the Parma opera house is considered to be one of the director's most famous set pieces).
It is widely accepted that his 1990s career and onwards has failed to live up to his golden period between ''Deep Red'' and ''Opera''. Despite a disappointing collaboration with George A. Romero on an Edgar Allan Poe anthology entitled ''Two Evil Eyes'' (1990), an unsuccessful stab at a mainstream Hollywood production (''Trauma'' of 1993) and a disastrous version of ''Phantom of the Opera'' (1998) which lost him many fans, he continued to innovate. For example, his 1996 ''The Stendhal Syndrome'', in which a policewoman (played by Argento's daughter, Asia) who suffers from a dramatized version of the illness is trapped by a serial killer in an abandoned warehouse, was the first Italian film to use computer-generated imagery (CGI). Furthermore, the opening of ''The Stendhal Syndrome'' was shot in Florence, at Italy's famed Uffizi Gallery, Argento being the only director ever granted permission to shoot there.
Many saw 2001's ''Sleepless'', deliberately designed as a "comeback movie" with its strong giallo theme and numerous references to his earlier work, as a step back in the right direction. However, Argento's follow-up, 2004's ''The Card Player'', a giallo about a killer whose murders are conducted during Internet poker matches with the Rome police, earned a mixed reception: fans appreciated the techno music score composed by ex-Goblin member Claudio Simonetti, but felt the film was too mainstream, with little of Argento's usual flourish.
2005 saw the TV broadcast of Argento's ''Do You Like Hitchcock?'', in which the Italian horror-meister paid homage to Alfred Hitchcock after decades of being compared to him by critics. Later that year, he directed a segment of ''Masters of Horror'', a Showtime television series. The story, "Jenifer", based on an old ''Eerie'' comics tale by Bruce Jones, was a departure for Argento, but provided him with some of his best critical notices in several years. Soon afterwards, Argento directed an adaptation of the F. Paul Wilson short story "Pelts" for season 2 of the series.

Concluding his trilogy

Argento has finished shooting his newest film, the conclusion of his ''Three Mothers'' trilogy, ''The Third Mother'', which will be in wide release this year. The film, entitled The Mother of Tears, made it's world premier at the Toronto International Film Festival September 6 2007.
The film will be set in Rome and will center around the titular third mother, Mater Lachrymarum. Argento and Jace Anderson share writing credits for this movie. A joint effort between the Italian Studio, Medusa, and the American Studio, Myriad Pictures (which made ''Jeepers Creepers'') financed the production of the film allowing Argento one of the largest, if not the largest budgets he has ever worked with.
Argento's daughter Asia was cast in the lead, along with Daria Nicolodi in a supporting role. Udo Kier, who appeared in Argento's ''Suspiria'' and Coralina Cataldi-Tassoni, who appeared in three of his previous films, both have pivotal roles in the final ''Mothers'' chapter.

Critical reception

Argento's works always include a profusion of allusions (both obscure and obvious) to other films, literature ranging from the Greek classics to current popular novels, politics, film/literary theory, as well as his own films. This dense network of allusions, combined with his notorious negligence of plot, his bizarrely detailed mise-en-scenes, his obsession with gore-filled death scenes, and his unpredictable and roaming camera angles, has proven particularly resistant to critical interpretation.
Little "serious" academic work on Argento has been published. Until recently, the two most notable publications on Argento were Maitland McDonagh's critically acclaimed auteur study, ''Broken Mirrors/Broken Minds: The Dark Dreams of Dario Argento'', and, to a lesser extent, ''Art of Darkness'', a collection of promotional stills, poster art and somewhat facile critical essays edited by Chris Gallant. British journalist Alan Jones recently published ''Profondo Argento'', a useful compendium of set reports, interviews and biographical detail that manages to further illuminate the personality behind Argento's movies.
While critical work on Argento is unfortunately limited (and often out of print), the director has acquired a cult fan base in Italy and the rest of the world; film reviews and interviews are regular subjects of interest in fanzines and internet discussion groups.
One significant factor in Argento's lack of recognition in the United States is a general lack of familiarity with the "giallo" genre. His films are often marketed as "slasher trash" or simply "horror," only occasionally making the art house or college cinema circuits.

Trivia

★ He is involved in a horror memorabilia store located at Via dei Gracchi 260 in Rome named Profondo Rosso, after his classic giallo movie. In the cellar is a collection from his movies. The store is managed by his long time collaborator and friend Luigi Cozzi.

★ In all of Argento's giallo films, Argento casts himself as the killers' gloved hands. However, in recent releases, he has stopped this practice.

★ One of Argento's later films, ''The Stendhal Syndrome'', is distributed in the USA by cult B-movie distribution company Troma Entertainment.

★ Argento produced his daughter Asia's directorial debut, Scarlet Diva.

Quotes

★ "I like women, especially beautiful ones. If they have a good face and figure, I would much prefer to watch them being murdered than an ugly girl or man. I certainly don't have to justify myself to anyone about this. I don't care what anyone thinks or reads into it. I have often had journalists walk out of interviews when I say what I feel about this subject."

★ "The sound, it looks wonderful."

★ "We had many good directors - John Carpenter, DePalma - but things have become polluted by business, money and bad relationships. The success of the horror genre has led to its downfall."

★ "I love Russian cinema. Dziga Vertov is my favourite. Tarkovsky so so. I prefer the fantasy of Eisenstein's October."

★ [talking about his movie Phenomena]: "Phenomena was inspired by something I heard about insects being used to solve crimes, and because insects have always fascinated me I began to make a story around this idea. You know, it's a terrible thing, but there are many insects that are disappearing. Becoming extinct. But most people only want to kill them. You know, insects have souls, too; they're telepathic... amazing. People want to save the whales and dolphins, but nobody wants to save the insects. I'm a vegetarian, because I don't want to kill things to eat."

★ [talking about his movie Opera]: "The opera we used in the film was Macbeth which has a tradition - also in the theatre - of being bad luck. People all warned against using it, suggested using La Traviata or La Bohème, and I said, ´This is just a story, don't be foolish,´ but maybe they were right. With Opera I had a lot of English crew - that was something new for me - and I learned many things from them. Overall, though, it was a terrible experience. You know, many cuts were made after I was finished, even though I protested. Many things happened. Vanessa Redgrave was scheduled to be in the film, and she pulled out. One of the actors was crushed by a car. I was engaged to be married, but by the end of the picture that was finished. My father died during the shooting... all kinds of things. But I felt I had started with Macbeth, so I had to finish. And anyway, there could be no ravens in Così Fan Tutte."

★ "Horror is the future. And you cannot be afraid. You must push everything to the absolute limit or else life will be boring. People will be boring. Horror is like a serpent; always shedding its skin, always changing. And it will always come back. It can't be hidden away like the guilty secrets we try to keep in our subconscious."

★ "I wanted to develop the idea of the Three Mothers, the origin of all sorrow and pain. Suspiria (1977) is about The Mother Of Sighs; and Inferno (1980) is about the Mother Of Darkness."

★ "Deep Red (1975) is my favorite movie. The character David Hemmings plays is very much based on my own personality. It was a very strong film, very brutal, and of course the censors were upset. It was cut by almost an hour in some countries."

★ "The process of writing and directing drives you to such extremes that it's natural to feel an affinity with insanity. I approach that madness as something dangerous and I'm afraid, but also I want to go to it, to see what's there, to embrace it. I don't know why but I'm drawn."

★ "Horror by definition is the emotion of pure revulsion. Terror of the same standard, is that of fearful anticipation."

Filmography

As director

★ ''The Bird with the Crystal Plumage'' (''L'Uccello Dalle Piume di Cristallo'') (1970) (Also Writer)

★ ''The Cat o' Nine Tails'' (''Il Gatto a Nove Code'') (1971) (Also Writer)

★ ''Four Flies on Grey Velvet'' (''4 Mosche di Velluto Grigio'') (1971) (Also Writer)

★ ''The Five Days'' (''Le Cinque Giornate'') (1973) (Also Writer)

★ ''Door into Darkness'' (TV Series, Episodes ''Testimone Oculare'', ''Il Tram'') (1973) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''Deep Red'' (''Profondo Rosso'') (aka ''The Hatchet Murders'') (1975) (Also Writer)

★ ''Suspiria'' (1977) (Also Writer)

★ ''Inferno'' (1980) (Also Writer)

★ ''Tenebrae'' (aka ''Unsane'') (1982) (Also Writer)

★ ''Phenomena'' (aka ''Creepers'') (1985) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''Terror at the Opera'' (''Opera'') (1987) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''Two Evil Eyes'' (''Due Occhi Diabolici'') (Segment, ''The Black Cat'') (1990) (Also Writer, Executive Producer)

★ ''Trauma'' (1993) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''The Stendhal Syndrome'' (''La Sindrome di Stendhal'') (1996) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''The Phantom of the Opera'' (''Il Fantasma dell'Opera'') (1998) (Also Writer)

★ ''Sleepless'' (''Non ho Sonno'') (2001) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''The Card Player'' (''Il cartaio'') (2004) (Also Writer, Producer)

★ ''Do You Like Hitchcock?'' (''Ti Place Hitchcock?'') (2005) (Also Writer)

★ ''Masters of Horror'' (TV Series, Episode ''Jenifer'') (2005)

★ ''Masters of Horror'' (TV Series, Episode ''Pelts'') (2006)

★ ''The Third Mother'' (2007) (Also Writer, Producer)

As writer (not director)

★ ''Scusi, lei è Favorevole o Contrario? (1967)

★ ''Every Man Is My Enemy'' (''Qualcuno ha Tradito'') (1967)

★ ''Heroes Never Die'' (''Les Héros ne Meurent Jamais'') (1968)

★ ''Once Upon a Time in the West'' (''C'era una Volta il West'') (1968) (Story)

★ ''Today It's Me... Tomorrow It's You!'' (''Oggi a me... domani a te!'') (1968)

★ ''Comandamenti per un Gangster'' (1968)

★ ''Commandos'' (1968)

★ ''La Rivoluzione sessuale'' (''The Sexual Revolution'') (1968)

★ ''Cemetery Without Crosses'' (''Une Corde, un Colt'') (1969)

★ ''Love Circle'' (''Metti una Sera a Cena'') (aka ''One Night at Dinner'') (1969)

★ ''Probabilità Zero'' (1969)

★ ''Legion of the Damned'' (''La Legione dei Dannati'') (aka ''Battle of the Commandos'') (1969)

★ ''The Five Man Army'' (''Un Esercito di Cinque Uomini'') (1969)

★ ''Season of the Senses'' (''La Stagione dei Sensi') (1969)

★ ''Man Called Amen'' (''Così Sia'' (1972)

★ ''Demons'' ''Dèmoni'' (1985) (Also Producer)

★ ''Demons 2'' (''Demoni 2'') (1986) (Also Producer)

★ ''The Church'' (''La Chiesa'') (aka ''Demons 3'') (1989) (Also Producer)

★ ''The Sect'' (''La Setta'') (aka ''Demons 4'') (1991) (Also Producer)

★ ''The Wax Mask'' (''M.D.C. - Maschera di Cera'') (1997) (Story) (Also Producer)

As producer (neither writer nor director)

★ ''Door into Darkness'' (Epside ''La Bambole'') (1973)

★ ''Dawn of the Dead'' (''Zombi'') (1978)

★ ''Turno di Notte'' (TV Series) (1987)

★ ''Scarlet Diva'' (2000)

External links

★ Dark Dreams: the films of Dario Argento

★ Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database

★ They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?

★

★ ToxicUniverse.com article by Mike Bracken

★ Kinoeye special issue on Argento

★ The filming location Detectives have sleuthed Demoni