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'Daffy Duck' is an animated cartoon character in the Warner Brothers ''Looney Tunes'' and ''Merrie Melodies'' series of cartoons. Daffy was the first of the new breed of "screwball" characters that emerged in the 1930s to supplant traditional "everyman" characters, such as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck, popular in the 1940s.
Virtually every Warner Brothers animator put his own spin on the Daffy Duck character, who may be a lunatic vigilante in one short but a greedy gloryhound in another. Bob Clampett and Chuck Jones both made extensive use of these two very different versions of the character.

Contents

Origin

Different interpretations

Clampett's Daffy

McKimson's Daffy

Jones's Daffy

Daffy in the 1960s

Daffy today

Comics

Other Actors who voiced Daffy

See also

Notes

References

External links

Origin

Daffy first appeared on April 17, 1937 in ''Porky's Duck Hunt'', directed by Tex Avery and animated by Bob Clampett. The cartoon is a standard hunter/prey pairing for which Schlesinger's studio was famous, but Daffy (not more than a bit player in this short) represented something new to moviegoers: an assertive, combative protagonist, completely unrestrainable. As Clampett later recalled, "At that time, audiences weren't accustomed to seeing a cartoon character do these things. And so, when it hit the theaters it was an explosion. People would leave the theaters talking about this daffy duck."^[1]
This early Daffy is short and pudgy, with stubby legs and beak, but is nevertheless "quacktastic". The Mel Blanc voice characterization, and the white neck ring contrasting with the black feathers, are about the only aspects of the character that would remain consistent through the years.
The origin of Daffy's voice is a matter of some debate. One oft-repeated "official"story is that it was patterned after producer Leon Schlesinger's tendency to lisp. However, in Mel Blanc's autobiography, ''That's Not All Folks!'', he contradicts that conventional belief, writing "It seemed to me that such an extended mandible would hinder his speech, particularly on words containing an ''s'' sound. Thus 'despicable' became 'des''th''picable'."

Different interpretations

Daffy Duck's personality, as well as his appearance (though slightly), changed throughout the life of his character.

Clampett's Daffy

Animator Bob Clampett immediately seized upon the duck character and cast him in a series of cartoons in the 1930s and 1940s. Clampett's Daffy is a wild and zany screwball, perpetually bouncing around the screen with cries of "Hoo-hoo! Hoo-hoo!" (In his autobiography, Mel Blanc stated that the zany demeanor was inspired by Hugh Herbert's catchphrase, which was taken to a wild extreme for Daffy). Clampett physically redesigned the character, making him taller and lankier, and rounding out his beak and feet. He was often paired with Porky Pig. (Appropriately enough, "Daffy" means "crazy", a variant of "daft", and his soon-to-be-rival's name, "Bugs", also means "crazy").

McKimson's Daffy

By the early 1940s, director Robert McKimson tamed Daffy a bit, redesigning him yet again to be rounder, and less elastic. The studio also instilled some of Bugs Bunny's savvy into the duck, making him as brilliant with his mouth as he was with his battiness. This era also saw Daffy teamed up with Porky Pig, the duck's one-time rival, now his straight man. Daffy would also feature in several war-themed shorts during World War II. Daffy always stays true to his unbridled nature, however, attempting, for example, to dodge conscription in ''Draftee Daffy'' (1945), and battling a Nazi goat intent on eating Daffy's scrap metal in ''Scrap Happy Daffy'' (1943). During World War II Daffy was "drafted" into becoming a mascot embleum of the US Army Air Corps 600th Bombardment Squadron.

Jones's Daffy

As Bugs Bunny supplanted Daffy as WB's most popular character, the directors still found ample use for the duck. Several cartoons place him in parodies of popular movies and radio serials. For example, ''Drip-along Daffy'' (released in 1951 and named after the popular Hopalong Cassidy character) throws Daffy into a Western, while ''Robin Hood Daffy'' (1958) casts the duck in the role of the legendary outlaw. In ''Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century'' (1953), Daffy trades barbs (and bullets) with Marvin the Martian, with Porky Pig retaining the role of Daffy's sidekick.
Bugs' ascension to stardom also prompted the Warner animators to recast Daffy as the rabbit's rival, intensely jealous and determined to steal back the spotlight while Bugs remained indifferent to the duck's jealousy, or used it to his advantage. Chuck Jones would most successfully use the idea. Jones redesigned the duck once again, making him scrawnier and scruffier. In Jones' famous "Hunter's Trilogy" of ''Rabbit Fire'', ''Rabbit Seasoning'', and ''Duck! Rabbit! Duck!'' (1951–1953) Daffy's vanity and excitedness provide Bugs Bunny the perfect opportunity to fool the hapless Elmer Fudd into repeatedly shooting the poor duck's bill off. Jones' Daffy sees himself as self-preservationist, not selfish. However, this Daffy can do nothing that does not backfire on him, singeing his tailfeathers as well as his dignity.^[2]
Film critic Steve Schneider calls Jones's Daffy "a kind of unleashed id."^[3] Jones said that his version of the character "expresses all of the things we're afraid to express."^[4] This is evident in Jones's ''Duck Amuck'' (1953), "one of the few unarguable masterpieces of American animation," according to Schneider.^[5] In the episode, Daffy is plagued by a godlike animator whose malicious paintbrush alters the setting, soundtrack, and even Daffy himself. When Daffy demands to know who is responsible for the changes, the camera pulls back to reveal none other than Bugs Bunny. ''Duck Amuck'' is widely heralded as a classic of filmmaking for its illustration that a character's personality can be recognized independently of appearance, setting, voice and plot. In 1999, the short was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.
Friz Freleng would use the Jones idea for Daffy in ''Show Biz Bugs'' (1957) wherein Daffy's trained pigeon act and complicated tap dance number is answered by nothing but crickets chirping in the audience, while Bugs' simple song-and-dance numbers brings wild applause. Ironicaly while a running gag is that Daffy will always lose whenever he is paried against Bugs Bunny, Daffy does show a comedic talent for parodying cartoon superheroes such as Superman {Daffy as Stupor Duck} and Buck Rogers {Daffy as Duck Dogers}.

Daffy in the 1960s

After the Warner Bros. animation studio reopened in the 1960s, Daffy Duck would become a true villain in several Speedy Gonzales cartoons. In one episode set in the desert, Daffy is determined to keep the mice away from a desperately needed well, apparently for its own sake to the point where he attempts to destroy it after getting the water he needs, forcing Speedy to stop him. The Warner Bros. studio was entering its twilight years, and even Daffy had to stretch for humor in the period.

Daffy today

Daffy Duck, as seen in the episode of the ''Duck Dodgers'' - ''The Wrath of Canasta''

Daffy continues to live on in a number of cameo appearances and later cartoons such as a piano duel with fellow fowl Donald Duck in 1988's ''Who Framed Roger Rabbit''. Daffy has also had major roles in films such as ''Space Jam'' in 1996 and '' in 2003. The latter film does much to flesh out his character, even going so far as to cast a sympathetic light on Daffy's gloryseeking ways in one scene, where he complains that he works tirelessly without achieving what Bugs does without even trying. That same year, Warner Bros. cast him in a brand-new ''Duck Dodgers'' series. He had a cameo appearance in the ''Sylvester and Tweety Mysteries'' episode, "When Granny Ruled The Earth", first airing on March 27, 1999. Daffy has also been featured in several webtoons which can be viewed at http://www.looneytunes.com.
In the television series ''Tiny Toon Adventures'', Daffy appears as hero and mentor of Plucky Duck, and a teacher at Acme Looniversity. Daffy is shown as a baby in the ''Baby Looney Tunes'' show, and made occasional cameos on ''Animaniacs'' and ''Histeria!'' In the show ''Loonatics Unleashed'', his descendant is Danger Duck (voiced by Jason Marsden), who is also lame and unpopular to his teammates. In the majority of these appearances, the selfish, neurotic and spotlight-hungry Daffy characterized by Chuck Jones is the preferred version.
More recently, Daffy has been given larger roles in more recent Looney Tunes films and series. Following '', Warner Brothers have slowly moved the spotlight away from Bugs and more towards Daffy, as shown in the 2006 straight-to-video release ''Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas'', where Daffy plays the lead while Bugs Bunny appears in a very minor role.
In the series ''Babylon 5'', Michael Garibaldi is a great fan of Daffy Duck, and watches his cartoons with other characters.

Comics

Dell Comics published several Daffy Duck comic books, beginning in ''Four Color Comics'' #457, #536 and #615, then continuing as ''Daffy'' #4-17 (1956-59), then as ''Daffy Duck'' #18-30 (1959-62). The comic book series was subsequently continued in Gold Key Comics ''Daffy Duck'' #31-127 (1962-79).

Other Actors who voiced Daffy

Daffy has been voiced by other actors besides Mel Blanc and Joe Alaskey:

★ Jeff Bergman ("Box-Office Bunny", "Invasion of the Bunny Snatchers", and "Blooper Bunny")

★ Dee Bradley Baker ("Space Jam")
Blanc's early version of Daffy was closer to his characterization of Woody Woodpecker. In time he developed the slobbery, lispy sound, supposedly based on Warner cartoon producer Leon Schlesinger, that was essentially the same voice as Sylvester except that it was played back at a faster-than-recorded speed. In one of the features on the ''Looney Tunes Golden Collection'' DVD set, there is a rare audio of Blanc discussing a set of recordings he is about to make for the 1960s TV program, ''The Bugs Bunny Show''. In that audio he states, "We record Daffy separately, because it's speed."

See also

★ The Golden Age of American animation

★ List of Daffy Duck cartoons

★ Duck Dodgers

Notes

1. Interview with Michael Barrier, quoted in Schneider 150.
2. Schneider 159–60.
3. Schneider 161.
4. Quoted in Schniedier 161.
5. Schneider 112.

References

★ Adamson, Joe (1990). ''Bugs Bunny: 50 Years and Only One Grey Hare''. Henry Holt & Co.

★ Schneider, Steve (1990). ''That's All Folks!: The Art of Warner Bros. Animation''. Henry Holt & Co.

★ Solomon, Charles (1994). ''The History of Animation: Enchanted Drawings''. Random House Value Publishing.

External links

★ Daffy Duck on Warner Bros site.