'Crooner' is an
epithet given to a male singer of a certain style of popular songs, dubbed
pop standards. A crooner is a ''singer of popular
ballads'' thus a "balladeer". The singer is normally backed by a full
orchestra or
big band. Generally, crooners sang and popularized the songs from the
Great American Songbook. Crooner was originally bestowed as a negative term, and many people given the term, such as
Russ Colombo, did not consider themselves to be crooners. In an interview,
Frank Sinatra said that he did not consider himself or
Bing Crosby to be crooners.
Evolution
Crooning is a style that has its roots in the
Bel Canto of
Italian Opera, but with the emphasis on subtle vocal nuances and phrasing found in
Jazz as opposed to elaborate ornamentation or sheer acoustic
volume found in opera houses. Before the advent of the
microphone, popular singers, like
Al Jolson, had to project to the rear seats of a theater, which made for a very loud vocal style. The microphone made possible the more personal style. Crooning is not so much a style of music as it is a technique in which to sing.
Some crooners, most notably
Ed Cox,
Frank Sinatra,
Dean Martin and
Bing Crosby, incorporated other popular styles into their music, such as
Blues,
Dixieland and even native
Hawaiian music. Crooning became the dominant form of popular vocal music from the late 1920s to the early 1960s, coinciding with the advent of radio broadcasting and electrical recording. For example,
Bing Crosby's radio show,
Kraft Music Hall (1935-1946) was heard by 50 million listeners every Thursday evening (Giddins, Gary. "A Pocketful of Dreams")
Decline
After 1954 popular music became dominated by other styles, especially
rock 'n' roll, while the music of latter-day crooners such as
Perry Como and
Matt Monro was recategorized as "
easy listening" or "
adult contemporary." Crooners have remained popular among fans of traditional pop music, with contemporary performers such as
Tony Bennett,
Tom Jones,
Michael Bublé and
Engelbert Humperdinck keeping the form alive. While both male and
female singers sang in this style, the term "crooner" is rarely, and improperly, used to describe a
female singer.
List of famous crooners
(Grouped by the decades in which their careers began.)
1920s
★
Gene Austin
★
Smith Ballew
★
Al Bowlly
★
Russ Columbo
★
Bing Crosby
★
Cliff Edwards
★
Art Gillham
★
Rudy Vallée
★
"Whispering" Jack Smith
1930s
★
Fred Astaire
★
Buddy Clark (singer)
★
Nat King Cole
★
Bing Crosby
★
Perry Como
★
Donald Peers
★
Roy Rogers
★
Frank Sinatra
1940s
★
Vic Damone
★
Dick Haymes
★
Dean Martin
★
Mel Tormé
★
Slim Whitman
★
Bing Crosby
1950s
★
Paul Anka
★
Bobby Bare
★
Tony Bennett
★
Brook Benton
★
Pat Boone
★
Bobby Darin
★
James Darren
★
Sammy Davis Jr.
★
Dion
★
Eddie Fisher
★
Johnny Hartman
★
Sonny James
★
Steve Lawrence
★
Al Martino
★
Johnny Mathis
★
Roger Miller
★
Matt Monro
★
Ricky Nelson
★
Webb Pierce
★
Elvis Presley
★
Ray Price
★
Jim Reeves
★
Charlie Rich
★
Neil Sedaka
★
Bobby Troup
★
Jerry Vale
★
Bobby Vee
★
Jerry Wallace
★
Sammy Davis Jr.
★
Andy Williams
1960s
★
Dave Dudley
★
John Gary
★
Karel Gott
★
Robert Goulet
★
Engelbert Humperdinck
★
Jack Jones
★
Tom Jones
★
Jim Nabors
★
Wayne Newton
★
Mel Tillis
★
Frankie Valli
★
Bobby Vinton
★
Scott Walker
★
Del Shannon
★
Link Larkin
1970s
★
Bryan Ferry
★
Barry Manilow
★
Luther Vandross
1980s
★
Harry Connick Jr.
★
Rod Stewart
1990s & 2000s
★
Michael Bublé
★
Rob Dorn
★ Michael Kaczurak
★
Matt Dusk
★
Morrissey
★
Regis Philbin
★
Luis Miguel
★
Chris Cornell
★
Nick Diamonds
★
John Stevens
★
Chris Isaak
★
Russ Lorenson
★
Helmut Lotti
★
Paul Anka
★
George Gonzalez
★
Jens Lekman
★
Nate Dogg
★
Tom Waits
★
Leonard Cohen
★
Joaquin Sabina
★
Debret Viana
★
Terence Cameron Miria
Sources
★ Michael Pitts and Frank Hoffman. ''The Rise of the Crooners'' (Scarecrow Press, 2002).
★ Giddins, Gary. "A Pocketful of Dreams" Boston: (Little, Brown and Company, 2001).
★ Various Artists. "Fabulous 50's Crooners Sing Their Hard To Find Hits" Ontario: (Hit Parade Records, 2006)