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(Redirected from Conquistadors)
:''This article is about the Spanish explorers and warriors dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, for other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation)''
'Conquistadors' (Spanish: []) (English: ''Conqueror'') were Spanish soldiers, explorers and adventurers who invaded and conquered much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement by Christopher Columbus in what is now the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
The first Spanish conquest in the Americas was the island of Hispaniola (presently shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic). From there, Juan Ponce de León conquered Puerto Rico and Diego Velázquez invaded Cuba. The first settlement on the mainland was Darién in Panama, settled by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1512. As these Caribbean regions proved no great treasury or endless supply of priceless spices, the 'disappointment' motivated further exploration, rather than a serious effort to make the best of the 'virgin' colonies, a foretaste of monumental economic mismanagement.
The first immensely successful conquistador was Hernán Cortés. Between 1520 and 1521, Cortés, along with some Native American allies, conquered the mighty Aztec empire, thus bringing present day Mexico under the dominion of the Spanish empire, as New Spain. The conquest of the South American Inca Empire by Francisco Pizarro and Hernando de Soto was of comparable importance. Its participants participated in the attempted conquest of the southeastern quarter of North America. Hernando de Soto's reward for service to the Crown in Central America earned him the governorship of Cuba and the rights to colonize and exploit "La Florida". (De Soto was given the rights to La Florida after unrewarding attempts by Ponce de Léon - supposedly searching for the fountain of youth - and disastrous missions by Narvaez and Ayllon).
Conquistadors were helped by smallpox and other European diseases which weakened the native population. Since these illnesses were unknown in the Americas at the time, Native Americans lacked the antibodies to fight them. Diseases are estimated to have killed unknown thousands of natives during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Rumours of golden Cities (CÃbola in North America and "El Dorado" in South America) caused several more expeditions to leave for the Americas, but many returned without finding any gold, finding less gold than expected, or finding Fool's Gold. The piece that Sapa Inca Atahualpa paid Pizarro for his freedom was taken back to Spain, leading to additional Conquistador expeditions in South America.
Emboldened by the seemingly endless rising imports of silver and gold, the Spanish Habsburg imperial rule became uncompromising, leading to the unwise use of the Quinto Real of the colonial proceeds that would bankrupt a constantly overstretched Spain. The influx of precious metal also caused towering inflation in Europe (particularly in Spain), thereby undermining the domestic economy (which was the main source of revenue), greatly contributing to the ultimate loss of the war against Protestant rebels and Catholic France, and, finally, after a long, slow, decline, led to the loss of imperial prominence to its northern rivals.
The discovery of the Strait of Magellan in 1520 by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the tip of South America led to Spanish interest in the Pacific. The first of the Conquistadores to sail the vast Pacific Ocean was Miguel López de Legazpi in 1564; he arrived in the Philippine archipelago on 1565. Legazpi and his men destroyed the native settlements and conquered the islands for Spain. This paved the way for Spanish settlements in the Pacific.
★ Hernán Cortés (Mexico, 1518-1522, Honduras, 1524, Baja California, 1532-1536)
★ Francisco Pizarro (Peru, 1509-1535)
★ Hernando de Soto (United States, 1539-1542)
★ Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (southwestern United States, 1540-1542)
★ Diego de Almagro (Peru, 1524-1535, Chile, 1535-1537)
★ Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Panama, 1510-1519)
★ Juan Ponce de León (Puerto Rico, 1508, Florida, 1513 and 1521)
★ Pedro de Alvarado (Mexico, 1519-1521, Guatemala 1523 -1527, Peru, 1533-1535, Mexico, 1540-1541)
★ Ãlvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (southwestern United States, 1527-1536, South America, 1540-1542)
★ Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón (United States east coast, 1524-1527)
★ Sebastián de Belalcázar (Ecuador and Colombia, 1533-1536)
★ Gonzalo Pizarro (Peru, 1532-1542)
★ Juan Pizarro, (Peru, 1532-1536)
★ Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán, 1517)
★ MartÃn de Goiti, (Manila, Philippines, 1570-1571)
★ Hernándo Pizarro, (Peru, 1532-1560)
★ Juan de Grijalva (Yucatán, 1518)
★ Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (Colombia, 1536-1537, Venezuela, 1569-1572)
★ Miguel López de Legazpi, (Philippines, 1565-1571)
★ Francisco de Montejo (Yucatan, 1527-1546)
★ Juan de Salcedo, (Northern Philippines, 1570-1576)
★ Nikolaus Federmann (Venezuela and Colombia, 1537-1539).
★ Pánfilo de Narváez (Florida, 1527-1528)
★ Diego de Nicuesa (Panama, 1506-1511)
★ Cristóbal de Olid (Honduras, 1523-1524)
★ Francisco de Orellana (Amazon River, 1541-1543)
★ Inés de Suárez, (Chile, 1541)
★ MartÃn de Ursua, Peten region of Guatemala, 1696-1697
★ Pedro de Valdivia (Chile, 1540-1552)
★ Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar (Cuba, 1511-1519)
★ Pedro Menendez de Aviles (Florida, 1565 - 1567)
★ Juan de Oñate (New Mexico, 1598)
★ Ñuflo de Chavez (Bolivia; 1544-1568)
★ Juan Valiente (Chile, 1546)
★ Spanish conquest of Peru
★ Spanish colonization of the Americas
★ Encomienda
★ Repartimiento
★ List of conquistadors
★ New Laws
★ Valladolid debate
★ Bandeirantes
★ John Charles Chasteen, ''Born In Blood And Fire: Concise History of Latin America'' Summary of the history of Latin America.
The Conquistadors - Start the Adventure (PBS): http://www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/home.htm
:''This article is about the Spanish explorers and warriors dating from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, for other uses see Conquistador (disambiguation)''
'Conquistadors' (Spanish: []) (English: ''Conqueror'') were Spanish soldiers, explorers and adventurers who invaded and conquered much of the Americas and Asia Pacific, bringing them under Spanish colonial rule between the 15th and 19th centuries, starting with the 1492 settlement by Christopher Columbus in what is now the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
| Contents |
| Background |
| The Spanish Conquest in Asia - Pacific |
| List of conquistadores and explorers |
| See also |
| References |
| Outside Links |
Background
Hernán Cortés, Conquistador of the Aztec Empire.
The first Spanish conquest in the Americas was the island of Hispaniola (presently shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic). From there, Juan Ponce de León conquered Puerto Rico and Diego Velázquez invaded Cuba. The first settlement on the mainland was Darién in Panama, settled by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1512. As these Caribbean regions proved no great treasury or endless supply of priceless spices, the 'disappointment' motivated further exploration, rather than a serious effort to make the best of the 'virgin' colonies, a foretaste of monumental economic mismanagement.
The first immensely successful conquistador was Hernán Cortés. Between 1520 and 1521, Cortés, along with some Native American allies, conquered the mighty Aztec empire, thus bringing present day Mexico under the dominion of the Spanish empire, as New Spain. The conquest of the South American Inca Empire by Francisco Pizarro and Hernando de Soto was of comparable importance. Its participants participated in the attempted conquest of the southeastern quarter of North America. Hernando de Soto's reward for service to the Crown in Central America earned him the governorship of Cuba and the rights to colonize and exploit "La Florida". (De Soto was given the rights to La Florida after unrewarding attempts by Ponce de Léon - supposedly searching for the fountain of youth - and disastrous missions by Narvaez and Ayllon).
Conquistadors were helped by smallpox and other European diseases which weakened the native population. Since these illnesses were unknown in the Americas at the time, Native Americans lacked the antibodies to fight them. Diseases are estimated to have killed unknown thousands of natives during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Francisco Pizarro. Conquistador of the Inca Empire.
Rumours of golden Cities (CÃbola in North America and "El Dorado" in South America) caused several more expeditions to leave for the Americas, but many returned without finding any gold, finding less gold than expected, or finding Fool's Gold. The piece that Sapa Inca Atahualpa paid Pizarro for his freedom was taken back to Spain, leading to additional Conquistador expeditions in South America.
Emboldened by the seemingly endless rising imports of silver and gold, the Spanish Habsburg imperial rule became uncompromising, leading to the unwise use of the Quinto Real of the colonial proceeds that would bankrupt a constantly overstretched Spain. The influx of precious metal also caused towering inflation in Europe (particularly in Spain), thereby undermining the domestic economy (which was the main source of revenue), greatly contributing to the ultimate loss of the war against Protestant rebels and Catholic France, and, finally, after a long, slow, decline, led to the loss of imperial prominence to its northern rivals.
The Spanish Conquest in Asia - Pacific
The discovery of the Strait of Magellan in 1520 by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the tip of South America led to Spanish interest in the Pacific. The first of the Conquistadores to sail the vast Pacific Ocean was Miguel López de Legazpi in 1564; he arrived in the Philippine archipelago on 1565. Legazpi and his men destroyed the native settlements and conquered the islands for Spain. This paved the way for Spanish settlements in the Pacific.
List of conquistadores and explorers
★ Hernán Cortés (Mexico, 1518-1522, Honduras, 1524, Baja California, 1532-1536)
★ Francisco Pizarro (Peru, 1509-1535)
★ Hernando de Soto (United States, 1539-1542)
★ Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (southwestern United States, 1540-1542)
★ Diego de Almagro (Peru, 1524-1535, Chile, 1535-1537)
★ Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Panama, 1510-1519)
★ Juan Ponce de León (Puerto Rico, 1508, Florida, 1513 and 1521)
★ Pedro de Alvarado (Mexico, 1519-1521, Guatemala 1523 -1527, Peru, 1533-1535, Mexico, 1540-1541)
★ Ãlvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (southwestern United States, 1527-1536, South America, 1540-1542)
★ Lucas Vásquez de Ayllón (United States east coast, 1524-1527)
★ Sebastián de Belalcázar (Ecuador and Colombia, 1533-1536)
★ Gonzalo Pizarro (Peru, 1532-1542)
★ Juan Pizarro, (Peru, 1532-1536)
★ Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán, 1517)
★ MartÃn de Goiti, (Manila, Philippines, 1570-1571)
★ Hernándo Pizarro, (Peru, 1532-1560)
★ Juan de Grijalva (Yucatán, 1518)
★ Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada (Colombia, 1536-1537, Venezuela, 1569-1572)
★ Miguel López de Legazpi, (Philippines, 1565-1571)
★ Francisco de Montejo (Yucatan, 1527-1546)
★ Juan de Salcedo, (Northern Philippines, 1570-1576)
★ Nikolaus Federmann (Venezuela and Colombia, 1537-1539).
★ Pánfilo de Narváez (Florida, 1527-1528)
★ Diego de Nicuesa (Panama, 1506-1511)
★ Cristóbal de Olid (Honduras, 1523-1524)
★ Francisco de Orellana (Amazon River, 1541-1543)
★ Inés de Suárez, (Chile, 1541)
★ MartÃn de Ursua, Peten region of Guatemala, 1696-1697
★ Pedro de Valdivia (Chile, 1540-1552)
★ Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar (Cuba, 1511-1519)
★ Pedro Menendez de Aviles (Florida, 1565 - 1567)
★ Juan de Oñate (New Mexico, 1598)
★ Ñuflo de Chavez (Bolivia; 1544-1568)
★ Juan Valiente (Chile, 1546)
See also
★ Spanish conquest of Peru
★ Spanish colonization of the Americas
★ Encomienda
★ Repartimiento
★ List of conquistadors
★ New Laws
★ Valladolid debate
★ Bandeirantes
References
★ John Charles Chasteen, ''Born In Blood And Fire: Concise History of Latin America'' Summary of the history of Latin America.
Outside Links
The Conquistadors - Start the Adventure (PBS): http://www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/home.htm
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