COMMONWEALTH DAY

'Commonwealth Day' is the annual celebration of the Commonwealth of Nations held on the second Monday in March, and marked by a multi-faith service in Westminster Abbey, normally attended by Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, with the Commonwealth Secretary-General and Commonwealth High Commissioners in London. The Queen delivers an address to the Commonwealth, broadcast throughout the world. Also, in the year before the quadrennial Commonwealth Games, the Queen starts the Queen's Baton Relay on Commonwealth Day at Buckingham Palace, handing the baton to the first relay runner to start a journey that will end at the Opening Ceremony of the upcoming Games.
While it has a certain official status, Commonwealth Day is not a public holiday in most Commonwealth countries and there is little public awareness of it.

History

Clementina Trenholme introduced 'Empire Day' in Canadian schools, first in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1898, on the last school day before May 24, Queen Victoria's birthday. It was celebrated more each year and then instituted in England in 1904 by Lord Meath. A typical Empire Day in Hamilton schools occupied the entire day and included inspirational speeches by trustees and songs such as ''The Maple Leaf'' and ''Just Before the Battle''. Dictionary of Hamilton Biography (Vol II, 1876-1924), , Thomas Melville, Bailey, W.L. Griffin Ltd, 1991,
After the death in 1901 of Queen Victoria, her birthday, May 24, was made an annual commemoration under the name Empire Day. This day was celebrated by lighting fireworks in back-gardens or attending community bonfires. It gave the Queen's people a chance to show their pride in being part of the British Empire.
In 1958 Empire Day was renamed 'Commonwealth Day', in accordance with the new post-colonial relationship between the nations of the former empire.
The National Council in Canada of the Royal Commonwealth Society expressed in a 1973 letter to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau that Commonwealth Day should be observed on the same day throughout all countries of the Commonwealth. They asked that this notion be included on the agenda of the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting to be held in Ottawa that year. The item eventually appeared on the agenda of the 1975 meeting, and it was agreed that the Commonwealth Secretariat select a date, preferably one without previous historical connotations. At the meeting of officials in Canberra in 1976, the Canadian proposal of the second Monday in March was adopted.^[1]

Observance

There is no uniform observance of the day, worldwide. In Canada, the only official recognition is a federal government stipulation that the Royal Union Flag be flown alongside Canada's flag at government installations nationwide, "where physical arrangements allow.... Physical arrangements means the existence of at least two flag poles."^[2] The 1964 Act creating the Maple Leaf flag also retained the Union Flag as an official symbol of Canada's membership in the Commonwealth, and allegiance to the Crown.^[2]
In the United Kingdom, the Union Flag is flown from public buildings on the second Monday in March to mark Commonwealth Day. The Scottish Parliament Building also flies the Flag of the Commonwealth of Nations from the fourth flagpole.
In 2006 Queen Elizabeth II delivered her Commonwealth Day address from St. Andrew's Cathedral, Sydney, NSW, Australia, part of the lead-up to the Commonwealth Games that year in Melbourne, Victoria.

Other holidays

Although Commonwealth Day is not widely known, many Commonwealth countries do have at least one public holiday that celebrates the sovereign's birthday—the day which inspired Commonwealth Day.
In Australia and New Zealand and some other countries, there is a Queen's Birthday holiday.
In Canada and some parts of Scotland, particularly in Edinburgh and Dundee, the Monday on or before May 24 is a public holiday known as Victoria Day.
In member states of the Commonwealth, Commonwealth Day is celebrated on the second Monday in March. In 2006, it was March 13 and in 2007 it was March 12. In some countries, such as Belize, it is a public holiday.