COLUBRID

A 'Colubrid' (from Latin ''coluber'', snake) is a snake that is a member of the 'Colubridae' family. It is a broad classification of snakes that includes well over half of all snake species on earth. A colubrid's body is almost completely covered in scales. While most colubrids are non-venomous (or have venom that isn't known to be harmful to humans) and are normally harmless, a few groups, such as genus Boiga, Coluber and Rhabdophis, can produce medically significant bites. In addition, the Boomslang and African Twig Snake have both caused human fatalities.The venom-injecting fangs associated with venomous colubrids are almost always in the back of the mouth, compared to vipers and elapids. The Colubrids or "Colubrids" are certainly not a natural group, as many are more closely related to other groups, such as elapids, than to each other. This family has classically been a dumping ground for snakes that don't fit anywhere else. There is on-going mitochondrial DNA research which will sort out the familial relations within this group
Examples of snakes found in the colubridae family include:

★ Queen snake

★ Common Keelback

★ King Snake

★ Milk Snake

★ Corn Snake

★ Bull Snake

★ Fox Snake

★ Rat Snake

★ Garter Snake

★ Hognose Snake

★ Indigo snake

★ Smooth Snake

★ Water Snake

★ Mussurana

Contents

Classification

Classification

Subfamily Boodontinae

★ ''Bothrolycus''

★ ''Bothrophthalmus''

★ ''Buhoma'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Chamaelycus''

★ ''Dendrolycus''

★ ''Dipsina''

★ ''Dromophis''

★ ''Duberria'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Gonionotophis''

★ ''Grayia''

★ ''Hormonotus''

★ ''Lamprophis''

★ ''Lycodonomorphus''

★ ''Lycophidion''

★ ''Macroprotodon''

★ ''Mehelya''

★ ''Montaspis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Pseudaspis''

★ ''Pseudoboodon''

★ ''Pythonodipsas''

★ ''Scaphiophis''
Subfamily Calamariinae

★ ''Calamaria''

★ ''Calamorhabdium''

★ ''Collorhabdium''

★ ''Etheridgeum''

★ ''Macrocalamus''

★ ''Pseudorabdion''

★ ''Rabdion''
Subfamily Colubrinae

★ ''Aeluroglena''

★ ''Ahaetulla''

★ ''Argyrogena''

★ ''Arizona''

★ ''Bogertophis''

★ ''Boiga''

★ ''Cemophora''

★ ''Chilomeniscus''

★ ''Chionactis''

★ ''Chironius''

★ ''Chrysopelea''

★ ''Coluber''

★ ''Conopsis''

★ ''Coronella''

★ ''Crotaphopeltis''

★ ''Cryptophidion''

★ ''Cyclophiops''

★ ''Dasypeltis''

★ ''Dendrelaphis''

★ ''Dendrophidion''

★ ''Dinodon''

★ ''Dipsadoboa''

★ ''Dispholidus''

★ ''Dryadophis''

★ ''Drymarchon''

★ ''Drymobius''

★ ''Drymoluber''

★ ''Dryocalamus''

★ ''Dryophiops''

★ ''Eirenis''

★ ''Elachistodon''

★ ''Elaphe''

★ ''Exallodontophis''

★ ''Ficimia''

★ ''Gastropyxis''

★ ''Geagras''

★ ''Gonyophis''

★ ''Gonyosoma''

★ ''Gyalopion''

★ ''Hapsidophrys''

★ ''Hemerophis''

★ ''Hemorrhois''

★ ''Hierophis''

★ ''Lampropeltis''

★ ''Leptodrymus''

★ ''Leptophis''

★ ''Lepturophis''

★ ''Liopeltis''

★ ''Lycodon''

★ ''Lycognathophis''

★ ''Lytorhynchus''

★ ''Masticophis''

★ ''Mastigodryas''

★ ''Meizodon''

★ ''Oligodon''

★ ''Opheodrys''

★ ''Oxybelis''

★ ''Pantherophis'' (formerly ''Elaphe'')

★ ''Philothamnus''

★ ''Phyllorhynchus''

★ ''Pituophis''

★ ''Prosymna''

★ ''Pseudocyclophis''

★ ''Pseudoficimia''

★ ''Pseustes''

★ ''Ptyas''

★ ''Rhamnophis''

★ ''Rhinobothryum''

★ ''Rhinocheilus''

★ ''Rhynchocalamus''

★ ''Rhynchophis''

★ ''Salvadora''

★ ''Scaphiodontophis''

★ ''Scolecophis''

★ ''Senticolis''

★ ''Sibynophis''

★ ''Simophis''

★ ''Sonora''

★ ''Spalerosophis''

★ ''Spilotes''

★ ''Stegonotus''

★ ''Stenorrhina''

★ ''Stilosoma''

★ ''Symphimus''

★ ''Sympholis''

★ ''Tantilla''

★ ''Tantillita''

★ ''Telescopus''

★ ''Thelotornis''

★ ''Thrasops''

★ ''Trimorphodon''

★ ''Xenelaphis''
Subfamily Dipsadinae

★ ''Adelphicos''

★ ''Amastridium''

★ ''Atractus''

★ ''Calamodontophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Carphophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Chersodromus''

★ ''Coniophanes''

★ ''Contia'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Crisantophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Cryophis''

★ ''Diadophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Diaphorolepsis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Dipsas''

★ ''Echinanthera'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Emmochliophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Enuliophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Enulius'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Eridiphas''

★ ''Geophis''

★ ''Gomesophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Hydromorphus'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Hypsiglena''

★ ''Imantodes''

★ ''Leptodeira''

★ ''Ninia''

★ ''Nothopsis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Pliocercus''

★ ''Pseudoleptodeira''

★ ''Pseudotomodon'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Ptychophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Rhadinaea''

★ ''Rhadinophanes'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Sibon''

★ ''Sibynomorphus''

★ ''Synophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Tachymenis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Taeniophallus'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Tantalophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Thamnodynastes'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Tomodon'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Tretanorhinus''

★ ''Trimetopon''

★ ''Tropidodipsas''

★ ''Urotheca''

★ ''Xenopholis'' (incertae sedis)
Subfamily Homalopsinae

★ ''Bitia''

★ ''Brachyorrhos'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Cantoria''

★ ''Cerberus''

★ ''Enhydris''

★ ''Erpeton''

★ ''Fordonia''

★ ''Gerarda''

★ ''Heurnia''

★ ''Homalopsis''

★ ''Myron''
Subfamily Natricinae

★ ''Adelophis''

★ ''Afronatrix''

★ ''Amphiesma''

★ ''Amphiesmoides''

★ ''Amplorhinus'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Anoplohydrus''

★ ''Aspidura''

★ ''Atretium''

★ ''Balanophis''

★ ''Clonophis''

★ ''Hologerrhum''

★ ''Hydrablabes''

★ ''Hydraethiops''

★ ''Iguanognathus''

★ ''Limnophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Macropisthodon''

★ ''Natriciteres'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Natrix''

★ ''Nerodia''

★ ''Opisthotropis''

★ ''Parahelicops''

★ ''Pararhabdophis''

★ ''Psammodynastes'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Regina''

★ ''Rhabdophis''

★ ''Seminatrix''

★ ''Sinonatrix''

★ ''Storeria''

★ ''Thamnophis''

★ ''Tropidoclonion''

★ ''Tropidonophis''

★ ''Virginia''

★ ''Xenochrophis'' (incertae sedis)
Subfamily Pareatinae

★ ''Aplopeltura''

★ ''Asthenodipsas'' (''Internatus'')

★ ''Pareas''
Subfamily Psammophiinae

★ ''Hemirhagerrhis''

★ ''Malpolon''

★ ''Mimophis''

★ ''Psammophis''

★ ''Psammophylax''

★ ''Rhamphiophis''
Subfamily Pseudoxenodontinae

★ ''Plagiopholis''

★ ''Pseudoxenodon''
Subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae

★ ''Alluaudina''

★ ''Compsophis''

★ ''Ditypophis''

★ ''Dromicodryas''

★ ''Exallodontophis''

★ ''Geodipsas''

★ ''Heteroliodon''

★ ''Ithycyphus''

★ ''Langaha''

★ ''Leioheterodon''

★ ''Liophidium''

★ ''Liopholidophis''

★ ''Lycodryas''

★ ''Madagascarophis''

★ ''Micropisthodon''

★ ''Pararhadinaea''

★ ''Brygophis''

★ ''Pseudoxyrhopus''

★ ''Stenophis''
Subfamily Xenodermatinae

★ ''Achalinus''

★ ''Fimbrios''

★ ''Oxyrhabdium''

★ ''Stoliczkaia''

★ ''Xenodermus''

★ ''Xylophis''
Subfamily Xenodontinae

★ ''Alsophis''

★ ''Antillophis''

★ ''Apostolepis''

★ ''Arrhyton''

★ ''Boiruna''

★ ''Cercophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Clelia''

★ ''Conophis''

★ ''Darlingtonia''

★ ''Ditaxodon''

★ ''Drepanoides''

★ ''Elapomorphus''

★ ''Erythrolamprus''

★ ''Farancia''

★ ''Helicops''

★ ''Heterodon''

★ ''Hydrodynastes''

★ ''Hydrops''

★ ''Hypsirhynchus''

★ ''Ialtris''

★ ''Lioheterophis'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Liophis''

★ ''Lystrophis''

★ ''Manolepis''

★ ''Oxyrhopus''

★ ''Phalotris''

★ ''Philodryas''

★ ''Phimophis''

★ ''Pseudablabes''

★ ''Pseudoboa''

★ ''Pseudoeryx''

★ ''Psomophis''

★ ''Rhachidelus''

★ ''Saphenophis''

★ ''Siphlophis''

★ ''Sordellina'' (incertae sedis)

★ ''Tropidodryas''

★ ''Umbrivaga''

★ ''Uromacer''

★ ''Uromacerina''

★ ''Waglerophis''

★ ''Xenodon''

★ ''Xenoxybelis''
''incertae sedis''

★ ''Blythia''

★ ''Cercaspis''

★ ''Cyclocorus''

★ ''Elapoidis''

★ ''Gongylosoma''

★ ''Haplocercus''

★ ''Helophis''

★ ''Myersophis''

★ ''Omoadiphas'' (recently discovered)

★ ''Oreocalamus''

★ ''Poecilopholis''

★ ''Rhabdops''

★ ''Tetralepis''

★ ''Thermophis''

★ ''Trachischium''