CHOUAN

'Chouans' were insurrectionary royalists in France, in particular Brittany, during the French Revolution, and even for a time under the Empire (from 1793 to 1815), when their headquarters were in London.
Their names derive from their muster by night at the sound of the ''chat-huant'', the tawny owl, a nocturnal bird of prey with a distinctive cry. They were motivated by their opposition to conscription and their support of the Catholic Church. They engaged in what would later be called guerrilla warfare.
These rebels are featured in the novel ''Les Chouans'' by Honoré de Balzac and ''the Man in Grey'', a collection of short stories about the Chouans by Baroness Orczy, as well as in the painting ''Les Chouans'' by Charles Fortin.
One of their leaders was Charles Armand Tuffin, marquis de la Rouerie.

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