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:''(For the Bronze Age culture, see Catacomb culture)''
:''(For the computer game series, see Catacomb 3D)''
The original 'catacombs'[1] are a network of underground burial galleries near San Sebastiano fuori le mura, in Rome. The word now refers to any network of caves, grottos, or subterranean place that is used for the burial of the dead, or it can refer to a specific underground burial place.
Famous examples are:
★ Catacombs of Rome in Italy
★ Catacombs of Paris in France
★ Catacombs of Kom el Shuqafa (or ''Kom al Sukkfa'') in Alexandria, Egypt
★ Catacombs of Malta on the Mediterranean island of Malta
★ Catacombs of Sacromonte in Granada, Spain.
★ Capuchin catacombs of Palermo, Italy.
★ Catacombs of Lima in Peru.
★ Catacombs under St. Stephen's cathedral in Vienna.
There are also catacomb-like burial chambers in Anatolia, Turkey; in Susa, North Africa; in Naples, Italy; in Syracuse, Italy; Trier, Germany; Kiev, Ukraine. Capuchin catacombs of Palermo, Sicily were used as late as 1920s.
In Ukraine and Russia, catacomb (used in the local languages' plural '''katakomby''') also refers to the network of abandoned caves and tunnels earlier used to mine stone, especially limestone. Such catacombs are situated in Crimea and the Black Sea coast of these two countries. The most famous are catacombs beneath Odessa and Ajimushkay, Crimea, Ukraine. In the early days of Christianity, believers conducted secret worship services in these burial caves for safety and reverence for the dead. Later, they served as bases for Soviet World War II guerrillas (see also Great Patriotic War). Ajimushkay catacombs hosted about 10.000 fighters and refugees. Many of them died and were buried there, and memorials and museums were later established (it is now a territory of Kerch city)..
Catacombs are a popular feature of many computer and video games due to their association with horror and the undead. Some of the more well-known game catacombs are listed below:
★ The Catacombs are a burial place outside Ashford Abbey in "pre-searing" Ascalon in ''Guild Wars Prophecies''.
★ Catacombs are a common setting for the ''Tomb Raider'' series, particularly ''Tomb Raider 1'' and ''Tomb Raider 2'' with the ''Catacombs of the Talion''.
★ In the ''Diablo'' series, catacombs and other burial grounds are frequent settings for the game's action. These typically include sarcophagi which the player can loot for treasure, and which often release undead enemies.
★ In ''Ultima VIII: Pagan'' of the ''Ultima'' series, the player must explore the catacombs as part of his quest.
★ The Catacombs feature in the computer game ''Deus Ex'', whereby the player must navigate through the Paris catacomb network to escape the Majestic 12 antagonists.
★ In the classic game ''The Bard's Tale'' for Amstrad CPC, Spectrum, Apple IIe etc, one of the more advanced dungeons to be explored are the catacombs, involving three levels of progressively harder dungeons filled with roaming undead and other creatures.
★ In '', Level 5 took place in the Catacombs.
★ In '', there are Catacombs which contain treasure, weapons, and undead monsters
★ In LucasArt's ''Mysteries of the Sith'', the final level is set in a massive catacomb.
★ In '', there is an area in Dark Aether called "Catacombs".
★ In ''World of Warcraft'' there is a raid-dungeon named "The Catacombs".
★ In "Final Fantasy XI" a dungeon called "The Eldieme Necropolis" is used extensively for missions and quests. The lower section is riddle with catacombs.
★ In "" there is an optional stage within the Garibaldi Temple which can be accessed using the Devil Innocent Devil, wherein its soundtrack is entitled, "Catacombs of Grief and Sadness." The (optional) bosses here are Legion and Nuculais.
''Catacombs'' is a film starring Alecia Moore (aka Pink) due to release in 2007, which takes place in the Parisian catacombs.
In the 1989 film ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'', Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) and Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody) travel through the Catacombs in Venice while on a search for clues to the location of the Holy Grail.
In the film ''The Bunker'', German soldiers trapped in a concrete bunker try to find an escape route through subterranean catacombs, where unspeakable evil lurks.
★ Burial mounds
★ Cemetery
★ Crypts
★ Necropolis
★ Urban Exploration
1. The derivation is the Latin ''catacumbæ'', from the phrase ''caca tombs'' (''among the tombs''), through metathesis and with attraction of ''-cumbere'' (''to lie''), from Greek ''κατα'' (''down'') and ultimately from Greek ''τυμβος'' (''tomb'') (1). From ''Chambers Dictionary of Etymology'', Chambers (New York), 1988, ISBN 0-550-14230-4, see ''catacomb'' and ''tomb.''
★ Catacombs
★ The Christian Catacombs of Rome
:''(For the computer game series, see Catacomb 3D)''
Catacombs Paris
Catacombs Rome - entrance
Catacombs Rome - entrance (detail)
Catacombs Lima. Convento de San Fransisco
The original 'catacombs'[1] are a network of underground burial galleries near San Sebastiano fuori le mura, in Rome. The word now refers to any network of caves, grottos, or subterranean place that is used for the burial of the dead, or it can refer to a specific underground burial place.
Famous examples are:
★ Catacombs of Rome in Italy
★ Catacombs of Paris in France
★ Catacombs of Kom el Shuqafa (or ''Kom al Sukkfa'') in Alexandria, Egypt
★ Catacombs of Malta on the Mediterranean island of Malta
★ Catacombs of Sacromonte in Granada, Spain.
★ Capuchin catacombs of Palermo, Italy.
★ Catacombs of Lima in Peru.
★ Catacombs under St. Stephen's cathedral in Vienna.
There are also catacomb-like burial chambers in Anatolia, Turkey; in Susa, North Africa; in Naples, Italy; in Syracuse, Italy; Trier, Germany; Kiev, Ukraine. Capuchin catacombs of Palermo, Sicily were used as late as 1920s.
In Ukraine and Russia, catacomb (used in the local languages' plural '''katakomby''') also refers to the network of abandoned caves and tunnels earlier used to mine stone, especially limestone. Such catacombs are situated in Crimea and the Black Sea coast of these two countries. The most famous are catacombs beneath Odessa and Ajimushkay, Crimea, Ukraine. In the early days of Christianity, believers conducted secret worship services in these burial caves for safety and reverence for the dead. Later, they served as bases for Soviet World War II guerrillas (see also Great Patriotic War). Ajimushkay catacombs hosted about 10.000 fighters and refugees. Many of them died and were buried there, and memorials and museums were later established (it is now a territory of Kerch city)..
| Contents |
| In popular culture |
| Computer and video games |
| Film |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
In popular culture
Computer and video games
Catacombs are a popular feature of many computer and video games due to their association with horror and the undead. Some of the more well-known game catacombs are listed below:
★ The Catacombs are a burial place outside Ashford Abbey in "pre-searing" Ascalon in ''Guild Wars Prophecies''.
★ Catacombs are a common setting for the ''Tomb Raider'' series, particularly ''Tomb Raider 1'' and ''Tomb Raider 2'' with the ''Catacombs of the Talion''.
★ In the ''Diablo'' series, catacombs and other burial grounds are frequent settings for the game's action. These typically include sarcophagi which the player can loot for treasure, and which often release undead enemies.
★ In ''Ultima VIII: Pagan'' of the ''Ultima'' series, the player must explore the catacombs as part of his quest.
★ The Catacombs feature in the computer game ''Deus Ex'', whereby the player must navigate through the Paris catacomb network to escape the Majestic 12 antagonists.
★ In the classic game ''The Bard's Tale'' for Amstrad CPC, Spectrum, Apple IIe etc, one of the more advanced dungeons to be explored are the catacombs, involving three levels of progressively harder dungeons filled with roaming undead and other creatures.
★ In '', Level 5 took place in the Catacombs.
★ In '', there are Catacombs which contain treasure, weapons, and undead monsters
★ In LucasArt's ''Mysteries of the Sith'', the final level is set in a massive catacomb.
★ In '', there is an area in Dark Aether called "Catacombs".
★ In ''World of Warcraft'' there is a raid-dungeon named "The Catacombs".
★ In "Final Fantasy XI" a dungeon called "The Eldieme Necropolis" is used extensively for missions and quests. The lower section is riddle with catacombs.
★ In "" there is an optional stage within the Garibaldi Temple which can be accessed using the Devil Innocent Devil, wherein its soundtrack is entitled, "Catacombs of Grief and Sadness." The (optional) bosses here are Legion and Nuculais.
Film
''Catacombs'' is a film starring Alecia Moore (aka Pink) due to release in 2007, which takes place in the Parisian catacombs.
In the 1989 film ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'', Indiana Jones (Harrison Ford) and Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody) travel through the Catacombs in Venice while on a search for clues to the location of the Holy Grail.
In the film ''The Bunker'', German soldiers trapped in a concrete bunker try to find an escape route through subterranean catacombs, where unspeakable evil lurks.
See also
★ Burial mounds
★ Cemetery
★ Crypts
★ Necropolis
★ Urban Exploration
References
1. The derivation is the Latin ''catacumbæ'', from the phrase ''caca tombs'' (''among the tombs''), through metathesis and with attraction of ''-cumbere'' (''to lie''), from Greek ''κατα'' (''down'') and ultimately from Greek ''τυμβος'' (''tomb'') (1). From ''Chambers Dictionary of Etymology'', Chambers (New York), 1988, ISBN 0-550-14230-4, see ''catacomb'' and ''tomb.''
External links
★ Catacombs
★ The Christian Catacombs of Rome
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