'Caribbean English' is a broad term for the dialects of the
English language spoken in the
Caribbean, most countries on the Caribbean coast of
Central America, and
Guyana. Caribbean English is influenced by the English-based Creole varieties spoken, but they are not one and the same. In the Caribbean, there is a great deal of variation in the way English is spoken. Scholars generally agree that although the dialects themselves vary significantly in each of these countries, they all have roots in
17th-century English and
African languages.
Overview
Examples of the English in daily use in the Caribbean include a different set of pronouns, typically, me, meh, or mi, you, yuh, he, she, it, we, wi or alawe, allyuh or unu, and dem or day. I, mi, my, he, she, ih, it, we, wi or alawe, allayu' or unu, and dem, den, deh for "them" with Central Americans.
The so-called "dropping the 'h'" or th-stopping in th- words is common. Some might be "sing-songish" (Trinidad, Bahamas),
rhotic (Bajan, Guyanese), influenced by
Irish English dialects (Jamaican), or have an accent influenced by any of these, as well as
Spanish and indigenous languages in the case of the
Central American English dialects such as the
Belizean Creole (Kriol), or the
Mískito Coastal Creole and
Rama Cay Creole spoken in Nicaragua. However, the English used in media, education and business and in formal or semi-formal discourse is the
International Standard variety with a Afro-Caribbean cadence.
Standard English - ''Where is that boy?''
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Barbados - ''Wherr iz dat boi?'' (Spoken very quickly, is choppy,
rhotic, and contains
glottal stops; The most distinct accent)
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Jamaica, and
Antigua and Barbuda- ''Whierr iz daaht buoy?'' (Distinctive, sporadic rhoticity; Irish and Scottish influence)
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Trinidad and
Bahamas - ''Weyr iz daut boy?'' (Very similar to the accents of south western England and Wales; Has no rhoticy)
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Guyana,
Tobago,
St. Vincent - ''Weyr iz daht bai?''. (Many variations depending of Afro- or Indo- descent, and compentancy in standard English; Sporadic rhoticity )
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Belize,
Panama,
Nicaragua, The
Bay Islands,
Limón, and the
Virgin Islands - ''Wehr iz daat bouy?'' (Distinct, sporadic rhoticity, pronunciation becomes quite different from "creole" pronunciation.)
The written form of the language in the former and current British West Indies conforms to spelling and grammar styles of Britain and the rest of the Commonwealth.
Caribbean countries where English is an official language or where English-based
creole languages are widespread include:
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Anguilla
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Antigua and Barbuda
★ The
Bahamas
★
Barbados
★
Belize
★
British Virgin Islands
★
Cayman Islands
★
Colombia (
San Andres and Providencia islands)
★
Costa Rica (
Limón)
★
Dominica
★
Grenada
★
Guyana
★
Honduras (
Bay Islands)
★
Jamaica
★
Montserrat
★
Netherlands Antilles (
St. Maarten,
Saba,
St. Eustatius)
★
Nicaragua (
Caribbean Coast,
Corn Islands)
★
Panama
★
Puerto Rico
★
Saint Kitts and Nevis
★
Saint Lucia
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Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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Trinidad and Tobago
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Turks and Caicos Islands
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U.S. Virgin Islands
English is an official language in
Puerto Rico, although
Spanish is the main language of the local government and population.
See also
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Bajan
★
Belizean Creole
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Bermudian English
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Jamaican English
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Jamaican Creole
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Nicaragua Creole English
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Saint Kitts Creole
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Virgin Islands Creole
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Trinidadian English
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Guyanese Creole