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:''For the Portuguese diocese of Porto, see list of Bishops of Porto''
The Roman Catholic diocese of 'Porto and Santa-Rufina' (Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae) was formed from the union of two suburbicarian sees of Rome.

Contents

Early Christian history of Porto

Early Christian history of Rufina

Bishops (incomplete list)

To 1500

1500-1700

1700-1900

From 1900

References

Notes

Early Christian history of Porto

Porto was in ancient times Portus, the chief harbour of Rome. It owes its origin to the port built by Claudius on the right of the Tiber, opposite Ostia; Trajan enlarged the basin, and in a short time there grew around it a city which soon became independent of Ostia.
It was near Porto that Julius Nepos compelled Emperor Glycerius to abdicate (474). During the Gothic War the town served the Goths (537 and 549) and the Byzantines (546-52) as a base of operations against Rome. In the ninth and tenth centuries it was sacked on several occasions by the Saracens. In 849 Pope Leo IV fortified it and established there a colony of Corsicans for the defence of the coast and the neighbouring territory; but the city continued to decay.
Christianity was early established there. Several martyrs of Porto are known, including Herculanus, Hyacinthus, Martialis, Saturninus Epictetus, Maprilis and Felix. The place was also famous as the probable see of St. Hippolytus.
In 314 Gregorius was bishop. The great ''xenodochium'', or hospice, of Pammachius was built about 370. Among the other bishops should be mentioned

★ Donatus (date uncertain), who built the basilica of St. Eutropius

★ Felix, a contemporary of Gregory the Great

★ Joannes, legate to the Sixth General Council (680)

★ Gregorius, who accompanied Pope Constantine to Constantinople (710)

★ Gregorius II (743-61)

★ Citonatus, present at the consecration of the antipope Constantine (767)

★ Giovanni (797)^[1]

★ Stephano (826)^[2]

★ Radoaldus (853)^[3]. He acted contrary to his instructions on the occasion of the difficulties with Photius at Constantinople (862), and who was deposed for having prevaricated in connexion with the divorce of Lothair II of Lorraine

★ Formosus (864)^[4], who became pope (891)

★ Walpert (876)^[5]

★ Valentino (883)^[6]

★ Silvestro (891)^[7]

★ Crisogno (after 904)^[8]

★ Costantino (956)^[9]

★ Benedictus (960/963)^[10], who consecrated the antipope Leo VIII

★ Gregorio (985)^[11], who built the irrigation system of the territory of the diocese

★ Bendetto (998)^[12]

★ Benedict VIII and Benedict IX were bishops of Porto

★ Mauritius (1097), sent by Pope Paschal II to establish order in religious affairs in the Holy Land

★ Callistus II (1119-24), who united to the See of Porto the other suburbicarian See of Silva Candida or Santa Rufina.

Early Christian history of Rufina

''Santa Rufina'' grew up around the basilica of the Holy Martyrs Sts. Rufina and Secunda on the Via Aurelia, fourteen miles from Rome; the basilica is said to have been begun by Pope Julius I, and was finished by Saint Damasus. In the ninth century this town was destroyed by the Saracens, and the efforts of Pope Leo IV and Pope Sergius III were unable to save it from total ruin: all that remains are the remnants of the ancient basilica and a chapel.
The first notice of it as an episcopal see dates from the fifth century, when its bishop Adeodatus was present at the councils held by Pope Symmachus; its bishop St. Valentinus, Vicar of Rome during the absence of Pope Vigilius, had his hands cut off by Totila. Among its other bishops mention should be made of

★ Tiberius (594)

★ Ursus (680)

★ Nicetas (710)

★ Hildebrand (906)

★ Peter (1026), whose jurisdiction over the Leonine City, the Trastevere, and the Insula Tiberina (island in the Tiber) was confirmed.
The residence of the bishops of Silva Candida was on the Insula Tiberina beside the church of Sts. Adalbert and Paulinus, while that of the bishops of Porto was on the same island near the church of San Giovanni. The bishops of Silva Candida, moreover, enjoyed great prerogatives in relation with the ceremonies of the basilica of St. Peter.
The most famous of these prelates was Cardinal Humbertus, who accompanied Leo IX from Burgundy to Rome; he was appointed Bishop of Sicily by that pope, but, having been prevented by the Normans from landing on the island, he received the See of Silva Candida, and later was sent to Constantinople to settle the controversies aroused by Michael Cærularius. He wrote against the errors of the Greeks and against Berengarius (1051-63).
The last Bishop was Mainardus.
Historically, the Bishop of Porto became the second cardinal, the Bishop of Ostia being the first, and officiated on Mondays in the Lateran Basilica; he obtained, moreover, the other rights of the Bishop of Santa Rufina, but lost jurisdiction over the Leonine City and its environs, when they were united to the city of Rome.

Bishops (incomplete list)

To 1500

★ Giovanni Conti^[13]

★ Peter (1119), a partisan of antipope Anacletus II

★ Theodevinus, Theodwin (1133/4-1151)^[14], a German, sent on many missions to Germany and to the Holy Land

★ Centius 91153-1157)^[15]

★ Bernardus (1159), who exerted himself to bring about peace between Pope Adrian IV and Frederick Barbarossa

★ Theodinus (1177), who examined the cause of Thomas à Becket

★ Benedetto^[16]

★ Cencio Savelli (1219)

★ Conrad of Urach (1219)^[17]

★ Romano Bonaventura (1227)^[18], who obtained the confirmation of all the rights of his see

★ Otto of Tonengo, Ottone Candido (1243/4)^[19], of the house of the marchesi di Monferrato, sent on several occasions as legate by Innocent IV to Frederick II

★ John of Toledo^[20]

★ Robert Kilwardby, formerly Archbishop of Canterbury, poisoned at Viterbo (1280)

★ Bernard de Languissel^[21]

★ Matteo da Acquasparta (1290)^[22], a former general of the Franciscans and a renowned theologian

★ Giovanni Minio (1302), a general of the Franciscans

★ Giacomo Arnaldo d'Euse (1312), who became Pope John XXII

★ Berenger Fredoli the Younger

★ Jean-Raymond de Comminges^[23]

★ Guy de Boulogne^[24]

★ Pietro Corsini (1374), who adhered, later, to the Western Schism

★ Antonio Gaetani^[25]

★ Louis, Duke of Berry, created in 1412 by John XXIII.

★ Angelo Cardinal Correr (1415-1417), the deposed Gregory XII

★ Antonio Corrario^[26]

★ Francesco Condulmer^[27][28]

★ Juan Carvajal

★ Guillaume d'Estouteville (145

★ Rodrigo Borgia (1476), who became Pope Alexander VI

1500-1700

★ Jorge da Costa (1503)^[29]

★ Raffæle Riaria (1508)

★ Domenico Grimani (1511)^[30]

★ Antonia Maria Ciocchi del Monte (1524)^[31]

★ Bonifacio Ferrero (1537)^[32]

★ Antonio Sanseverino (1543)^[33]

★ Marino Grimani (1543)^[34]

★ Giovanni Salviati (1546)^[35]

★ Gian Pietro Carafa (1553), who became Pope Paul IV

★ Francesco Pisani (1562-4)^[36]

★ Federico Cesi (1564)^[37]

★ Giovanni Morone (1565)

★ Cristoforo Madruzzi (1570)^[38]

★ Jean Cardinal du Bellay

★ Rodolfo Pio

★ Cristoforo Madruzzo

★ Alessandro Farnese (1578)

★ Fulvio Corneo (1580)^[39]

★ Giacomo Savelli (1583)^[40]

★ Alfonso Cardinal Gesualdo di Conza

★ Ottavio Cardinal Bandini

★ Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici^[41]

★ Iñigo Avalos de Aragón (1591-1600)^[42]

★ Girolamo Rusticucci (1603)^[43]

★ Girolamo Simoncelli (1603)^[44]

★ Carlo Emmanuele Cardinal Pio di Savoia

★ Girolamo Bernerio (1607)^[45]

★ Giovanni Evangelista Pallotta (1620)^[46]

★ Benedetto Giustiniani (1620)^[47]

★ Pier Paolo Crescenzi

★ Francesco Cennini de Salamandri

★ Francesco Cardinal Barberini Sr

★ Marcello Cardinal Lante della Rovere (1639-1641)^[48]

★ Carlo de' Medici (1652)

★ Francesco M. Brancati, Francesco Brancaccio (1666)

★ Francesco Maria Cardinal Brancaccio (1671-1675)^[49]

★ Marzio Ginetti

★ Ulderico Carpegna^[50]

★ Carlo Rossetti (1680)

★ Alderano Cibo (1683)

★ Pietro Ottoboni (1687), who became Pope Alexander VIII

★ Flavio Chigi (1693), who enlarged the cathedral and richly furnished it

★ Giacomo Franzoni

★ Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni

1700-1900

★ Nicoló Acciaioli (1700)

★ Vicenzo M. Orsini (1715), who became Pope Benedict XIII

★ Flavio Chigi

★ Paluzzo Cardinal Paluzzi Altieri Degli Albertoni

★ Emmanuel-Theódose de la Tour Cardinal d'Auvergne de Bouillon

★ Fabrizio Paolucci

★ Annibale Albani

★ Giuseppe Spinelli

★ Giovanni Francesco Albani

★ Giovanni Antonio Cardinal Guadagni (1756-1759)^[51]

★ Carlo Cardinal Rezzonico Jr

★ Leonardo Antonelli

★ Luigi Cardinal Valenti Gonzaga

★ Giuseppe Maria Cardinal Doria Pamphilj

★ Antonio Dugnani

★ Giulio Maria Cardinal della Somaglia

★ Michele Cardinal di Pietro

★ Giulio Maria Cardinal della Somaglia (1818)

★ Bartolomeo Pacca (1821-1830)^[52]

★ Pietro Francesco Cardinal Galeffi

★ Emmanuele Cardinal de Gregorio (1837-1839)^[53]

★ Giovanni Francesco Cardinal Falzacappa

★ Carlo Maria Cardinal Pedicini

★ Vincenzo Cardinal Macchi

★ Luigi Cardinal Lambruschini

★ Mario Cardinal Mattei (1854-1860)^[54]

★ Giuseppe Cardinal Milesi Pironi Ferretti

★ Costantino Cardinal Patrizi Naro

★ Luigi Cardinal Amato di San Filippo e Sorso (1870 - 1877)^[55]

★ Jean-Baptiste-François Cardinal Pitra (1884-1889)^[56]

★ Camillo Cardinal di Pietro

★ Carlo Cardinal Sacconi

★ Luigi Cardinal Oreglia di Santo Stefano (1889-1896)^[57]

★ Lucido Cardinal Parocchi

From 1900

★ Serafino Vannutelli

★ Antonio Vico

★ Tommaso Boggiani

★ Eugène-Gabriel-Gervais-Laurent Tisserant

★ Paolo Marella

★ Agostino Casaroli

★ Roger Etchegaray (1998)^[58]
In 1826, Civitavecchia was separated from the Diocese of Viterbo and Toscanella and united with that of Porto, but in 1854, with Corneto, it was made an independent see. Mention should be made of the Cardinal Bishop of Porto Luigi, Lambruschini (1847), who restored the cathedral and the episcopal palace.
From the sixteenth century, the incumbency of prelates of this see was, as a rule, of short duration, because most of the cardinal-bishops preferred the See of Ostia and Velletri, which they exchanged for their own as soon as possible.
The Diocese of Cære, now Cerveteri, has been united with that of Porto since the twelfth century. Cære was an ancient city, called at first Agylla, where the sanctuaries of Rome and the Vestals were hidden during the invasion of the Gauls; the Etruscan tombs scattered about its territory are important archleologically. Cervetri had bishops of its own until the eleventh century; the first was Adeodatus (499), assuming that he was not the Adeodatus who signed himself Bishop of Silva-Candida in the third synod of Pope Symmachus (501). The last known was Benedictus, referred to in 1015 and 1029. The Diocese of Porto and Santa Rufina has 18 parishes, with 4600 inhabitants.

References

Notes

1. [1]
2. [2]
3. [3]
4. [4]
5. [5]
6. [6]
7. [7]
8. [8]
9. [9]
10. [10]
11. [11]
12. [12]
13. [13]
14. [14]
15. [15]
16. [16]
17. [17],[18]
18. [19]
19. [20]
20. [21]
21. [22]
22. [23]
23. [24]
24. [25]
25. [26]
26. [27]
27. [28]
28. During the incumbency of Francesco Condulmer, Pope Nicholas V separated the sees of Porto and Silva Candida, and gave the latter to John Kemp, Archbishop of Canterbury, at whose death (1445) the sees were reunited.
29. [29]
30. [30]
31. [31]
32. [32]
33. [33]
34. [34]
35. [35]
36. [36]
37. [37]
38. [38]
39. [39]
40. [40]
41. [41]
42. [42][43]
43. [44]
44. [45]
45. [46]
46. [47]
47. [48]
48. [49]
49. [50]
50. [[51]
51. [52]
52. [53]
53. [54]
54. [55]
55. [56]
56. [57]
57. [58]
58. [59]