
Flowers and developing fruit capsules of the ground orchid ''Spathoglottis plicata''
In
botany a 'capsule' is a type of simple, dry
fruit produced by many species of
flowering plants. A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two or more
carpels, that, at maturity, split apart (dehisce) to release the
seeds within. In some capsules, the split occurs between carpels, and in others each carpel splits open. In yet others, seeds are released through openings or pores that form in the capsule. In the
Brazil nut, a lid on the capsule opens, but is too small to release the dozen or so seeds (the actual "Brazil nut" of commerce) within. These germinate inside the capsule after it falls to the ground.
Capsules are sometimes mislabeled as
nuts, as in the example of the
Brazil nut or the
Horse-chestnut. A capsule is not a nut because it releases its seeds and it splits apart. Nuts on the other hand do not release seeds as they are a compound
ovary containing both a single seed and the fruit. Nuts also do not split.
Examples of plants that produce capsules are
poppy,
lily,
orchid,
willow, and
cotton.