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The 'calling party' (also called 'caller', 'call originator' or 'A-party') is a person who (or device that) initiates a telephone call over the public switched telephone network, usually by dialing a telephone number. The process is called call origination and the person who (or device that) answers a telephone call is the called party.
The calling party is usually the party that pays the fee for placing the call, however in reverse charge (or collect) calls this may not be the case.
While roaming on an international network using a mobile phone, the calling party may need to pay an extra fee for the subsequent use of the overseas network.

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Human call originator

Machine call originator

Human call originator

In some countries it is common etiquette for a call originator to identify himself first, when the connection is established.

Machine call originator

Modems and fax machines use different tones when originating or answering a connection, which may be a source of problem for the user.