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(Redirected from Calicut)
:''For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District.''
'Kozhikode' in (Malayalam കോഴിക്കോട് ; ), also known as 'Calicut', is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is the third largest city in Kerala and the headquarters of Kozhikode district. Kozhikode was once the capital of an independent kingdom, and later of the erstwhile Malabar District.
The word Calicut is the anglicized version of the original name Kozhikode. As is common with several place names in Kerala, most non-native speakers find it difficult to pronounce the retroflex approximant (IPA symbol - ɻ) in 'Ko'zh'ikode', hence the anglicized name. Tipu Sultan, during the conquest of Malabar, unsuccessfully attempted to change the name of the city to Ferozabad.
The word Calico is derived from the name of the city of Calicut. It is a type of cotton that is commonly used in soft furnishing. It was one of the first export commodities to Europe. Calico was made by the traditional weavers of Calicut called ''Chaliyans''.
The ports of the Malabar Coast have participated in the Indian Ocean trade in spices, silk, and other goods for over two millennia. There are documented visits in as early as the 14th century, by Chinese travellers such as Zheng He[1]. Kozhikode had emerged as the centre of an independent kingdom by the 14th century, whose ruler was known as the Samoothirippadu (often anglicised as Zamorin). Thus Calicut came to be called the ''City of Zamorins''
In the year 1498 Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama landed at 'Kappad', about 25 km from Calicut city.
During the 16th century, the Portuguese set up trading posts to the north in Kannur and to the south in Kochi, but the Zamorin resisted the establishment of a permanent Portuguese presence in the city. In 1509 though, the kingdom was forced to accept a Portuguese trading post in Chaliyar. The Samoothirippadu later allied with Portuguese's rivals, the Dutch, and by the mid-17th century the Dutch had captured the Malabar Coast spice trade from the Portuguese. In 1766 Hyder Ali of Mysore captured Kozhikode and much of the northern Malabar Coast and came into conflict with the British based in Madras, which resulted in four Anglo-Mysore Wars. Kozhikode and the surrounding districts were among the territories ceded to the British by Tipu Sultan of Mysore at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1792. The newly acquired possessions on the Malabar Coast were organized into the Malabar District of Madras Presidency, and Calicut became the district capital.
After Indian Independence in 1947, Madras Presidency became the Madras State. In 1956, the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines. Malabar District was combined with the state of Travancore-Cochin to form the new state of Kerala on November 1 1956. Malabar District was split into the districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, and Palakkad on January 1 1957.
Kozhikode is located at [2]. It has an average elevation of 1 metre (3 feet).
There are many number of rivers and lakes in the district.
Chaliyar puzha,Kallayi Puzha Poonoor puzha and Iravanjhi puzha are some amongst them.
The district has a generally humid climate with a very hot season extending from March to May. The main rainy season is during the South West Monsoon, which sets in the first week of June and extends up to September. The North East Monsoon extends from the second half of October through November. The average annual rainfall is 3266 mm. The best weather is found towards the end of the year, in December and January—the skies are clear, and the air is crisp.
The highest temperature recorded was 39.4 °C in March 1975. The lowest was 14 °C recorded on 26 December 1975.
As of 2001 India census[3], Kozhikode had a population of 436,530. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kozhikode has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 82%. In Kozhikode, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Hindus constitute the majority of the population, followed by the Muslim and a few Christian communities respectively. Most of the Muslim population of Kozhikode District are known as Mappilas. There is a great tradition of Mappila cuisine developed over centuris over here. The famous "Malabar biriyani" is only one among them. Compared to other parts of Kerala , Calicut food is very tasty and unique. Local people are very nice and helping in nature.
More than anything they love football. There are a number of fan clubs of Argentina and Brazil and all other major international teams are very much active in this small western coast city of India. There also exist a few hundred Gujaratis who are predominantly merchants and traders.
Kozhikode occupies a prominent place in the history of Malayalam journalism. The origin of journalism in this district can be traced back to 1880. The ''Kerala Pathrika'' is likely to be the earliest newspaper published from Kozhikode. ''Keralam'', ''Kerala Sanchari'' and ''Bharath Vilasam'' are among the other newspapers that were published from Kozhikode before 1893. Kozhikode is the birth place of one of the top Malayalam daily "Mathrubhumi".
Many prominent writers of Malayalam literature are from this city. Among them are M T Vasudevan Nair, S K Pottekkadu and Thikkodian.
The Kozhikode station of All India Radio was commissioned on 14 May 1950. It has two transmitters, Kozhikode AM of 100 kilowatt power and Kozhikode FM (Vividh Bharathi) of 10 kilowatt power. A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode from 3 July 1984, relaying programmes from Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram Doordarshan.
★ Pavayil Cheerpu-a wonder land
★ Kozhikode Beach
★ Mananchira Square
★ Art gallery and Krishna Menon Museum at East Hill in Kozhikode
★ Lalitha Kala Academy: An art gallery adjacent to the Kozhikode town hall
★ Planetarium
★ Thusharagiri: A waterfall situated about 55 km from Calicut Railway Station
★ Kappad Beach: 17 km from Calicut city, this is where Vasco da Gama landed in 1498
★ Peruvannamuzhi[1]
Beypore is a port city situated 10 km south of Calicut at the mouth of chaliyar river. Beypore is famous for its ancient shipbuilding industry, which constructed ''uru'', the traditional trading vessels of Arabs. The 2km break-water made of stone is another attraction.
:''For the district with the same name, see Kozhikode District.''
'Kozhikode' in (Malayalam കോഴിക്കോട് ; ), also known as 'Calicut', is a city in the southern Indian state of Kerala. It is the third largest city in Kerala and the headquarters of Kozhikode district. Kozhikode was once the capital of an independent kingdom, and later of the erstwhile Malabar District.
| Contents |
| Name |
| History |
| Geography |
| Climate |
| Demographics |
| People |
| Media |
| Places of interest |
| Beypore |
| Culture and cuisine |
| See also |
| Notables |
| Trivia |
| External links |
| References |
Name
The word Calicut is the anglicized version of the original name Kozhikode. As is common with several place names in Kerala, most non-native speakers find it difficult to pronounce the retroflex approximant (IPA symbol - ɻ) in 'Ko'zh'ikode', hence the anglicized name. Tipu Sultan, during the conquest of Malabar, unsuccessfully attempted to change the name of the city to Ferozabad.
The word Calico is derived from the name of the city of Calicut. It is a type of cotton that is commonly used in soft furnishing. It was one of the first export commodities to Europe. Calico was made by the traditional weavers of Calicut called ''Chaliyans''.
History
Zheng He's navigation chart from Hormuz to Calicut, 1430
The ports of the Malabar Coast have participated in the Indian Ocean trade in spices, silk, and other goods for over two millennia. There are documented visits in as early as the 14th century, by Chinese travellers such as Zheng He[1]. Kozhikode had emerged as the centre of an independent kingdom by the 14th century, whose ruler was known as the Samoothirippadu (often anglicised as Zamorin). Thus Calicut came to be called the ''City of Zamorins''
In the year 1498 Portuguese explorer Vasco Da Gama landed at 'Kappad', about 25 km from Calicut city.
During the 16th century, the Portuguese set up trading posts to the north in Kannur and to the south in Kochi, but the Zamorin resisted the establishment of a permanent Portuguese presence in the city. In 1509 though, the kingdom was forced to accept a Portuguese trading post in Chaliyar. The Samoothirippadu later allied with Portuguese's rivals, the Dutch, and by the mid-17th century the Dutch had captured the Malabar Coast spice trade from the Portuguese. In 1766 Hyder Ali of Mysore captured Kozhikode and much of the northern Malabar Coast and came into conflict with the British based in Madras, which resulted in four Anglo-Mysore Wars. Kozhikode and the surrounding districts were among the territories ceded to the British by Tipu Sultan of Mysore at the conclusion of the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1792. The newly acquired possessions on the Malabar Coast were organized into the Malabar District of Madras Presidency, and Calicut became the district capital.
After Indian Independence in 1947, Madras Presidency became the Madras State. In 1956, the Indian states were reorganized along linguistic lines. Malabar District was combined with the state of Travancore-Cochin to form the new state of Kerala on November 1 1956. Malabar District was split into the districts of Kannur, Kozhikode, and Palakkad on January 1 1957.
Geography
Kozhikode is located at [2]. It has an average elevation of 1 metre (3 feet).
There are many number of rivers and lakes in the district.
Chaliyar puzha,Kallayi Puzha Poonoor puzha and Iravanjhi puzha are some amongst them.
Climate
The district has a generally humid climate with a very hot season extending from March to May. The main rainy season is during the South West Monsoon, which sets in the first week of June and extends up to September. The North East Monsoon extends from the second half of October through November. The average annual rainfall is 3266 mm. The best weather is found towards the end of the year, in December and January—the skies are clear, and the air is crisp.
The highest temperature recorded was 39.4 °C in March 1975. The lowest was 14 °C recorded on 26 December 1975.
Demographics
As of 2001 India census[3], Kozhikode had a population of 436,530. Males constitute 49% of the population and females 51%. Kozhikode has an average literacy rate of 84%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 85%, and female literacy is 82%. In Kozhikode, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.
People
Hindus constitute the majority of the population, followed by the Muslim and a few Christian communities respectively. Most of the Muslim population of Kozhikode District are known as Mappilas. There is a great tradition of Mappila cuisine developed over centuris over here. The famous "Malabar biriyani" is only one among them. Compared to other parts of Kerala , Calicut food is very tasty and unique. Local people are very nice and helping in nature.
More than anything they love football. There are a number of fan clubs of Argentina and Brazil and all other major international teams are very much active in this small western coast city of India. There also exist a few hundred Gujaratis who are predominantly merchants and traders.
Media
Kozhikode occupies a prominent place in the history of Malayalam journalism. The origin of journalism in this district can be traced back to 1880. The ''Kerala Pathrika'' is likely to be the earliest newspaper published from Kozhikode. ''Keralam'', ''Kerala Sanchari'' and ''Bharath Vilasam'' are among the other newspapers that were published from Kozhikode before 1893. Kozhikode is the birth place of one of the top Malayalam daily "Mathrubhumi".
Many prominent writers of Malayalam literature are from this city. Among them are M T Vasudevan Nair, S K Pottekkadu and Thikkodian.
The Kozhikode station of All India Radio was commissioned on 14 May 1950. It has two transmitters, Kozhikode AM of 100 kilowatt power and Kozhikode FM (Vividh Bharathi) of 10 kilowatt power. A television transmitter has been functioning in Kozhikode from 3 July 1984, relaying programmes from Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram Doordarshan.
Places of interest
★ Pavayil Cheerpu-a wonder land
★ Kozhikode Beach
★ Mananchira Square
★ Art gallery and Krishna Menon Museum at East Hill in Kozhikode
★ Lalitha Kala Academy: An art gallery adjacent to the Kozhikode town hall
★ Planetarium
★ Thusharagiri: A waterfall situated about 55 km from Calicut Railway Station
★ Kappad Beach: 17 km from Calicut city, this is where Vasco da Gama landed in 1498
★ Peruvannamuzhi[1]
Beypore
View of Kallai river
Beypore is a port city situated 10 km south of Calicut at the mouth of chaliyar river. Beypore is famous for its ancient shipbuilding industry, which constructed ''uru'', the traditional trading vessels of Arabs. The 2km break-water made of stone is another attraction.
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