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'Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins' (MIP) belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines. In humans, there are two major forms, MIP-1α and MIP-1β that are now officially named 'CCL3' and 'CCL4' respectively. Both are major factors produced by macrophages after they are stimulated with bacterial endotoxins.^[1] They activate human granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils) which can lead to acute neutrophilic inflammation. They also induce the synthesis and release of other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6 and TNF-α from fibroblasts and macrophages. The genes for CCL3 and CCL4 are both located on human chromosome 17.^[2]

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References

1. Sherry et al. Resolution of the two components of macrophage inflammatory protein 1, and cloning and characterization of one of those components, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta. J. Exp. Med. 168: 2251-2259, 1988.
2. Irving et al. Two inflammatory mediator cytokine genes are closely linked and variably amplified on chromosome 17q. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 3261-3270, 1990.

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★ chemokine

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