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'Computer-aided software engineering' ('CASE') is the use of software tools to assist in the development and maintenance of software. Tools used to assist in this way are known as 'CASE Tools'.
Some typical CASE tools are:

★ Code generation tools

★ Data modeling tools

★ UML

★ Refactoring tools

★ QVT or Model transformation Tools

★ Configuration management tools including revision control
All aspects of the software development lifecycle can be supported by software tools, and so the use of tools from across the spectrum can, arguably, be described as CASE; from project management software through tools for business and functional analysis, system design, code storage, compilers, translation tools, test software, and so on.
However, it is the tools that are concerned with analysis and design, and with using design information to create parts (or all) of the software product, that are most frequently thought of as CASE tools. Such tools arose out of developments such as Jackson Structured Programming and the software modelling techniques promoted by researchers such as Ed Yourdon, Chris Gane and Trish Sarson (see structured programming, SSADM). In this narrower range, CASE applied, for instance, to a database software product, might normally involve:

★ Modelling business / real world processes and data flow

★ Development of data models in the form of entity-relationship diagrams

★ Development of process and function descriptions

★ Production of database creation SQL and stored procedures
The term CASE was originally coined by software company, Nastec Corporation of Southfield, Mich. in 1982 with their original integrated graphics and text editor GraphiText, which also was the first microcomputer-based system to use hyperlinks to cross reference text strings in documents - an early forerunner of today's web page link. GraphiText's successor product, DesignAid was the first microprocessor based tool to logically and semantically evaluate software and system design diagrams and build a data dictionary. Under the direction of Albert F. Case, Jr. vice president for product management and consulting (the rumor that he changed his last name is untrue), and Vaughn Frick, director of product management, the DesignAid product suite was expanded to support analysis of a wide range of structured analysis and design methodologies, notably Yourdon/Demarco, Gane & Sarson, Ward-Mellor (real-time) SA/SD and Warnier-Orr (data driven). The next entrant into the market was Excelerator from Index Technology in Cambridge, Mass. While DesignAid ran on Convergent Technologies and later Burroughs Ngen networked microcomputers, Index launched Excelerator on the IBM PC/AT platform. While, at the time of launch, and for several years, the IBM platform did not support networking or a centralized database as did the Convergent Technologies or Burroughs machines, the allure of IBM was strong, and Excelerator came to prominence. Hot on the heels of Excelerator were a rash of offerings from companies such as Knowledgeware (James Martin, Fran Tarkenton and Don Addington), Texas Instruments's IEF and Accenture's FOUNDATION toolset (METHOD/1, DESIGN/1, INSTALL/1, FCP).
CASE tools were at their peak in the early 1990s. At the time IBM had proposed AD/Cycle which was an alliance of software vendors centered around IBM's mainframe:

The application development tools can be from several
sources: from IBM, from vendors, and from the
customers themselves. IBM has entered into relationships
with Bachman Information Systems, Index
Technology Corporation, and Knowledgeware, Inc.
wherein selected products from these vendors will be
marketed through an IBM complementary marketing
program to provide offerings that will help to achieve
complete life-cycle coverage.
^[1]

With the decline of the mainframe, AD/Cycle and the Big CASE tools died off, opening the market for the mainstream CASE tools of today.
Interestingly, nearly all of the leaders of the CASE market of the early 1990s ended up being purchased by Computer Associates, including IEW, IEF, ADW, Cayenne, and LBMS.
Many 'CASE' tools not only output code but also generate other output typical of various systems analysis and design methodologies such as
SSADM. E.g.

★ database schema

★ data flow diagrams

★ entity relationship diagrams

★ program specifications

★ user documentation

Contents

Upper, lower and integrated CASE tools

See also

External links

Upper, lower and integrated CASE tools

Sometimes 'CASE' tools are separated in three groups:

★ Upper 'CASE': Tools that focus on the analysis phase (but sometimes also the design phase) of the software development lifecycle (diagramming tools, report and form generators, analysis tools)

★ Lower 'CASE': Tools to support database schema generation, program generation, implementation, testing, configuration management

★ 'I-CASE': Tools that integrate both upper and lower CASE, for example making it possible to define information requirements and build the database (e.g., generate SQL) to support them at the same time

See also

★ Data modeling

★ List of UML tools

★ James Martin (author)

★ Rapid application development

★ Fourth-generation programming language

★ Model-driven architecture

★ Domain-specific modelling

★ Modeling language

★ LibreSource

★ GForge Advanced Server - Collaboration tool for computer-aided software engineering.

External links

★ Definition and discussion of CASE from Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute

★ CASE tool index - Quite a comprehensive list

★ [1] - AD/Cycle Strategy and Architecture