'', (
Latin: ''Bahusia'';
Norwegian: ''Båhuslen'') is a
province (''landskap'') in
West Sweden (''Västsverige''). It borders
Dalsland and
Västergötland; as well as the
Skagerrak arm of the
North Sea; and
Østfold in
Norway.
Bohuslän belonged to
Norway until the
Treaty of Roskilde in
1658. The central city has long been
Uddevalla, in the middle of the province, with some 35,000 inhabitants. The largest urban area in the province, however, is
Gothenburg, whose northern suburbs on the island of
Hisingen are partly located within Bohuslän's boundaries.
Bohuslän is otherwise known for
fishing, sea bathing and rocks, and its around 20,000 known archaeological remains.
County
Provinces serve no administrative function in
Sweden today. Instead, that function is served by the
Counties of Sweden. For centuries, the administrative county for Bohuslän was the
Gothenburg and Bohus County, and as its name implies it consisted of the entire Bohuslän province together with the city
Gothenburg (in the
Västergötland province).
In
1999, several Swedish counties were merged to reduce administration costs– and Gothenburg and Bohus County was merged into the much larger
Västra Götaland County.
History
Three men performing a ritual
During the
Migration Period and the Viking Age, the area was part of
Viken, and was actually known as two entities:
Ranrike in the north and
Elfsyssel in the south. It has been claimed that King
Harald Fairhair made it part of the unified Norway in about 872, but contemporary sources give rise to doubt that Harald actually ever held the Viken area properly. The earliest proof of Bohus lands being in Norway's hands is from 11th century.
As long as Norway was a kingdom of its own, the province prospered, and Båhus castle was one of the key fortresses of the kingdom. When Norway was united with Denmark, the province began its decline in wealth as the area was under frequent attack from Swedish forces as part of the larger border skirmishes. The Norwegian fortress,
Bohus, was built to protect this territory. Being a borderzone towards the Swedish kingdom, and to a lesser extent against Danish lands in Halland, Bohus area was disproportionately filled by soldier families.
Bohuslän became a Swedish possession in
1658 following the
Treaty of Roskilde. The fortress of
Carlsten was built in Marstrand during the
17th century. It was for a period also a
free port (porto franco), with a free religious practice and, as such, home to the only
synagogue in Sweden at the time.
The fishing of
herring increased in the
18th century, and the province flourished during a major herring period around 1747-1809. Many small fishing communities grew up around the coast. Basically all coastal towns were affected.
There were actually wood covered parts in the terrain before the large scale fishing of herring had begun. The wood was once the largest export product and main source of income in Bohuslän. But with increasing fishing, the woods were needed as construction material for houses and boats, and the rocky terrain of today was gradually shaped during the 19th century.
Geography
The geography is distinguished by the rocky coast, bordered an
archipelago: there are about 3,000 islands and 5,000 islets (
skerries). These make up the northern part of the
Gothenburg archipelago, Sweden's second largest after
Stockholm archipelago. The larger of the islands, which each have formed their own municipalities, are
Tjörn and
Orust. Both have a distinguished history and culture.
In old days, the seascape was renowned for its many reefs and sunken rocks which caused many shipwrecks.
However, the rocky terrain cannot be said to be mountainous: the highest point is ''Björnepiken'' at 224 meters.
Sweden's only
fjord the
Gullmaren, is situated in the province near the city
Lysekil. It is 25 kilometers long, between 1-3 wide, with a depth of 118.5 meters at its deepest, with a unique marine life.
Of its 4,500 km² large area, only 177 are water (lakes or streams). Although lakes are frequent, they are rather small in size. The largest lakes are the
Bullaren lakes (northern and southern), with an area of about 40km².
Population
The number of inhabitants is 270,628, giving a
population density of 60,5 inhabitants/
square kilometer.
Islands of Bohuslän
Larger settlements in Bohuslän
Bohuslän's
chartered cities are:
★
Kungälv (approximately
1100)
★
Lysekil (
1903)
★
Marstrand (approximately
1200)
★
Strömstad (
1672)
★
Uddevalla (
1498)
In addition there are several other notable settlements:
Municipalities in Bohuslän
Culture
In Bohuslän a variety of the
Götaland dialect of
Swedish is spoken. The province was a part of Norway until the 17th century and traces of Norwegian remain in the dialect. "Bohuslän", literally means the "Fief of Bohus", referring to
Bohus Fortress and
Län.
The
rock carvings at
Tanum made 2,500 to 3,000 years ago have been entered as a site in the
UNESCO World heritage program. Rock carvings can be found scattered throughout Bohuslän. The carvings portray the life of an agricultural society with images of ships, circular objects, soles, animals, shallow bowls, and fertility figures (E.g.
phalluses).
Heraldry
Bohuslän was granted its arms at the time of the funeral for
Charles X Gustav of Sweden in
1660, it was identical to the arms of the Town of
Kungälv. In
1962 the higher claim of the town was established and a variation for the arms of the county was introduced. The coat of arms is represented with a dukal coronet. Blazon: "Argent, a Castle embatteled Gules with one embatteled Tower of the same and two doors Or hinged Sable between a Sword point upwards and Lion rampant holding the Tower both Azure langued and armed Or."
Hundreds
Hundreds of Sweden were sub-divisions of the Swedish provinces until early 20th century. Bohuslän's hundreds were:
Notable people from Bohuslän
People from Bohuslän are known as ''bohusläningar''.
★
Emilie Flygare-Carlén,
Strömstad - author
★
Karin Parrow,
Vinga - artist
★
Karl-Axel Gadd,
Sotenäs - artist
★
Karl Nordström,
Tjörn - artist
★
Gustaf B Thordén,
Uddevalla - shipping
★
Percy Barnevik,
Uddevalla - businessman
References
★
article ''Bohuslän'' from
Nordisk familjebok (1905). In Swedish.
External links
★
[1] - Official tourist site
★
Language
★
The religious background of Bohuslän rock art (PDF)
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