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:''This article is about an American television sitcom. For the film, see Bewitched (film). For other meanings, see Bewitched (disambiguation).''
'''Bewitched''' was an American situation comedy starring Elizabeth Montgomery, Dick York (1964-1969), and Dick Sargent (1969-1972). The series was originally broadcast on ABC from 1964 to 1972. It continues to be seen throughout the world in syndication.
It is the longest running supernatural sitcom of the 1960s-1970s. The genre included ''I Dream of Jeannie'', ''My Favorite Martian'', ''The Ghost and Mrs. Muir'', ''Nanny and the Professor'', ''The Girl With Something Extra'', and the dark comedies ''The Munsters'', and ''The Addams Family''.
''TV Guide'' recently listed ''Bewitched'' as the 50th Greatest Television Program of All Time.

Contents

Overview of show

Premise

Changes

End of the series

Ratings For Bewitched

Production

Controversy

Cast

Main characters

Recurring characters

Characters less frequently seen

Episode list

DVD Releases

Spin-offs

Comic book

''Tabitha and Adam and the Clown Family''

''Tabitha''

''Bewitched'' movie

Remakes

Argentina

India

Japan

Chile

Notable facts

See also

Further reading

Notes and references

External links

Overview of show

Premise

The focus of the show (which was initially entitled ''The Witch of Westport'' according to the A&E Network Biography of Elizabeth Montgomery), is on the mixed marriage of a nose-twitching witch, Samantha Stephens (Montgomery), and her mortal husband, Darrin (originally played by Dick York and later by Dick Sargent). The series, a romantic comedy, shows how true love can endure the most vexing of situations, even between a witch and a human. Samantha's mother Endora (Agnes Moorehead), disapproves of Darrin, as indeed do most of Samantha's family. Many episodes revolve around Endora, or another of Darrin's spell-binding in-laws, using magic to undermine the union. Although Endora casts countless spells on Darrin, she never outright banishes him from Samantha's life, or casts any spells of permanence. Endora's ploy seems to be to provoke Darrin into leaving Samantha, but the mortal's love for his wife overcomes every obstacle. Endora refuses to even remember Darrin's name, invariably calling him "Durwood", "Darwin," and even "Dum-Dum," much to his annoyance.
''Bewitched'' is unique for the mid-1960s in that it portrays an estranged married couple - Samantha's parents, Endora (Agnes Moorehead) and Maurice (Maurice Evans). Maurice was portrayed as an urbane thespian not unlike Elizabeth Montgomery's father Robert Montgomery. Maurice occasionally pops in with a young, attractive female escort. The couple's separation is inferred and subtextual. It was a TV era that showcased widows and widowers (''My Three Sons'', ''Here's Lucy'', ''Mayberry RFD''), as divorce was a topic deemed too hot for advertisers and the networks' "standards and practices". (Carol Brady of the ''Brady Bunch'' and Mary Richards of "The Mary Tyler Moore Show", were written as divorcees, but network brass insisted on amending their histories). In the episode, "Samantha's Good News", Endora does file for an "ectoplasmic interlocutory" (code for divorce), only to wrangle Maurice's affection.
Darrin works for advertising agency McMann and Tate, and his profit-obsessed boss Larry Tate (David White) is an almost constant presence on the show (though Tate's partner McMann appears only twice during the series). Tate's opinions would turn on a dime to appease a client and land a deal. Despite witnessing plenty of oddities, Larry and his wife Louise (Irene Vernon, and later, Kasey Rogers) never discover that Samantha is a witch.

The sole member of Samantha's family for whom Darrin shows any affection, is the lovably bumbling Aunt Clara (played by Marion Lorne). Lorne won a posthumous Emmy in 1968 for the role of the aged witch, whose powers have begun to wane, and whose spells often end in disaster. She appeared in 27 episodes; when Lorne died during the fourth season, the absence of Aunt Clara was left unexplained. Because Lorne was so popular and loved by the cast, another actress taking the role was not considered. A similar character, the anxiety-ridden witch-nanny Esmeralda, played by Alice Ghostley, would later make appearances starting during the 1969-1970 season. (Both Ghostley and comic actor Paul Lynde had guest roles as mortal characters before being cast as magical semi-regulars).
Samantha's far-out and egocentric lookalike cousin Serena is another important character, first appearing in season two. The character, also played by Elizabeth Montgomery, would be credited as 'Pandora Spocks' from 1968-72. Ever mischievous, Serena often chases after Darrin and Larry Tate (calling the white-haired Tate "Cotton-Top"), just for fun. Serena is the antithesis of Samantha, sporting a heart-shaped birth mark on her cheek, raven black hair, and mod mini-skirts. More progressive than the typical witch or warlock who generally loathes mortals, Samantha's counter-culture cousin occasionally dates some (including a character played by Jack Cassidy).
During the show's run, both Aunt Clara (to Louise Tate) and Serena (to Phyllis Stephens) state they are from Maurice's side of the family, though Serena sometimes plots with "Auntie" Endora. Despite her wild behavior, Serena ultimately supports Samantha and Darrin, even though she finds them both a bit square.
Endora's prank-loving brother Arthur (Paul Lynde) makes several memorable appearances. In one episode, Arthur befriends Darrin and teaches him a phony ritual that will set Endora straight. Darrin performs the silly ritual to the outright bewilderment of his wife and mother-in-law. After Arthur erupts in rip-roaring laughter, it becomes clear that Darrin was set up. The trio get even with Arthur when Darrin's own practical joke seemingly obliterates Endora. Despite the hoax, Arthur genuinely likes Darrin. In another episode, Serena and Uncle Arthur go toe-to-toe with the Witches' Council to support the Stephens union, only to have their powers suspended.
Veteran actress Mabel Albertson (sister of Jack Albertson) plays Darrin's straight-laced mother Phyllis. The character often complains of "a sick headache" when she witnesses a magic spell in motion. Adding to the fun are the Stephenses' witch daughter Tabitha (Erin Murphy), and her baby brother Adam, as well as various witches, warlocks, and mere mortals, along with an occasional elf, leprechaun, nymph, and other supernatural being. The program made full use of the period's modest but effective special effects wizardry.

Across the street lives a retired couple, Abner Kravitz (stage and movie actor George Tobias) and his nosy wife, Gladys. Gladys was played first by Alice Pearce, who won a posthumous 1966 Emmy for the role; following Pearce's death in 1966 from ovarian cancer, the character was played by Sandra Gould). On the studio backlot, the Kravitzes' house was actually down from the Stephenses' house exterior. Both homes' exterior doors opened to an unfinished nine-by-ten foot entry, as the interiors were shot elsewhere. The exterior of the Kravitzes' house later became the home of ''The Partridge Family''.
Most episodes began with an enraged Darrin becoming the victim of spell. By the epilogue, however, Darrin and Samantha would embrace and confound the devious elements that failed to separate them. Some storylines took a backdoor approach to such topics as racism, as seen in the first season episode, "The Witches Are Out". Samantha objects to Darrin's demeaning portrayal of witches as ugly and deformed in a Halloween candy ad. Such stereotypical imagery, she believes, ignites biases which have often caused Endora and her to flee the country until the season ends. One 1970 episode, "Sisters of the Heart", was written and submitted by a tenth grade class. It involved Tabitha altering her and her black friend's skin tones with coordinating polka-dots, so that people would treat them alike (a similar white-with-black vs. black-with-white concept was seen earlier on a "Star Trek" episode that featured Frank Gorshin).

Changes

The show was a ratings success during its first five seasons, but it dropped in popularity when Dick York (Darrin) left the series in 1969 due to a severe back condition (and a growing dependency on pain pills). While Ray Fulmer (of ''Hazel )'' was mentioned as a possible replacement (as per an episode of "The Virginia Graham Show", Fulmer's name was suggested to Agnes Moorehead by her friend and former co-star Shirley Booth), the role of Darrin went to Dick Sargent. Sargent's version of Darrin was a more acidic, character, in contrast to York's nervous, frantic portrayal. The drop in ratings was ironic in light of the fact that Sargent had been the original choice to play Darrin, but had been under contract elsewhere in 1964.
Erin Murphy said on ''E! Entertainment'' that Elizabeth Montgomery, "probably preferred Dick Sargent's Darrin" (York's ongoing shooting delays would have been a financial liability to Montgomery's newly-formed Ashmont company, via longer hours, and script rewrites). Kasey Rogers, Bernard Fox, and Sandra Gould said that Dick York's "mugging" or animated facial expressions were what really made the character. William Asher claimed that Dick York's screen kisses were more "passionate". The series also had two Gladys Kravitzes, two Louise Tates and two Frank Stephenses. However, the switch between the two Darrins has become the epitome of TV's major cast changes, far more so than such other recastings as the two John-Boy Waltons or the two Lionel Jeffersons, and others.
In 1966, the show saw Samantha give birth to daughter Tabitha, played by fraternal twins Diane and Erin Murphy. Tabitha took after her mother with her magical abilities, adding to Darrin's worries. By 1968, the Murphy twins began looking less alike, so Diane was dropped. The Tates' son Jonathan, who was 1 1/2 years older than Tabitha, was seldom seen or referenced after 1966, but made a final appearance in season 7. The character had been named Jonathan after David White's real-life son (whose death made headlines in 1988, when PanAm Flight 103 was brought down over Lockerbie, Scotland). In 1969, ''Bewitched'' introduced Adam Stephens, played by Greg and David Lawrence. The writers sought new familial challenges, but some pessimists saw the birth as an economical means to retool past Tabitha plots. Adam initially didn't display any powers, but started to do so in the last few episodes of the series.

End of the series

Montgomery wanted to end the series at the conclusion of the fifth season, because both she and her husband, the show's producer William Asher, were getting tired of the series and wanted to move on to other projects, but ABC did not want to drop one of its top-grossers. Since the series was one of the network's few hits, they offered Montgomery and Asher significant pay raises for another three seasons plus part ownership of the series (via Ashmont, a production company owned by Asher and Montgomery). By season eight, the story ideas had started to run dry.During the last season, (1971–1972) Abner and Gladys Kravitz were only referenced.The series was moved to Saturday nights in January 1972 and was pitted against the hit show ''All in the Family,'' which proved to be a virtual death knell.
''Bewitched'' finished the 1972 season at no. 72 in the ratings ^[1]. ABC had planned a ninth season, according to the network's contract with Montgomery and Asher.

Ratings For Bewitched

''Bewitched'' did very well the first six seasons, but then the ratings began to drop off in the early 1970s.
The ratings for each season, at the end of the season, were:

'Season'	'Ratings Rank'
1) 1964-1965	#2
2) 1965-1966	#7
3) 1966-1967	#8
4) 1967-1968	#11
5) 1968-1969	#12
6) 1969-1970	#25
7) 1970-1971	n/a
8) 1971-1972	#72

ABC had planned Season 9 for ''Bewitched'' which would have been the 1972-1973 season, but Elizabeth Montgomery decided not to come back after Season 8. Then-husband William Asher told ABC that he would produce another series for them since ''Bewitched's'' ratings had dropped so low. He wound up producing two: ''The Paul Lynde Show'', a sitcom starring the "Uncle Arthur" actor (and ''Hollywood Squares'' regular) Paul Lynde, which lasted only one season in 1972-73; and ''Temperatures Rising,'' a two-year comedy set in a hospital and starring James Whitmore in its first season. Because of the Lynde show's failure, Asher basically merged the two shows for the 1973-74 season by casting Lynde as the lead man for ''Temperatures' last season.

Production

Sol Saks, who received credit as the creator of the show, wrote the pilot of ''Bewitched'', although he was not involved with the show after the pilot. Initially, Danny Arnold, who helped develop the style and tone of the series as well as some of the supporting characters who didn't appear in the pilot, like Larry Tate and the Kravitzes, produced and headed writing of the series. Arnold, who wrote on ''McHale's Navy'' and other shows, thought of ''Bewitched'' as being essentially a romantic comedy about a mixed marriage; his episodes kept the magic element to a minimum, with one or two magical acts to drive the plot but Samantha usually solving problems without using magic. Also, many of the first season's episodes were allegorical, using supernatural situations as clear metaphors for the real-life problems a young couple would face. Arnold stated that the two main themes of the series were the conflict between a powerful woman (Samantha) and a husband who can't deal with that power (Darrin), and the anger of the bride's mother (Endora) at seeing her daughter marry beneath her. Though the show was a hit right from the beginning, Arnold battled with ABC, which wanted more magic and more farcical plots.
Arnold left the show after the first season (he would later co-create ''Barney Miller'' with Theodore J. Flicker), leaving producing duties to his friend Jerry Davis, who had already produced some of the first season's episodes (though Arnold was still supervising the writing). The second season, produced by Davis and with Bernard Slade as head writer, with mistaken identity and farce becoming a more prevalent element, but still included a number of more low-key episodes where the magic element was not front and center.
With the third season and the switch to color, Davis left the show, and was replaced as producer by William Froug. Slade also left after the second season (he would later create another popular Screen Gems series, ''The Partridge Family'', which, like ''Bewitched'', went through a recasting of a role). According to William Froug's autobiography, Asher himself wanted to take over as producer when Jerry Davis left, but the production company wasn't yet ready to approve the idea. So Froug, a former producer of ''Gilligan's Island'', was brought in as a compromise. By his own admission, Froug was not very familiar with ''Bewitched'' and found himself in the uncomfortable position of being the official producer even though Asher was making most of the creative decisions. After a year, Froug left the show, and Asher took over as full-time producer of the series for the rest of its run.
Samantha and Darrin Stephens were the first live-action TV couple, with the actors not married to each other in real life, to sleep in a double bed (Mary Kay and Johnny Stearns shared a bed in an earlier sitcom, but were married). The episode in question, "Little Pitchers Have Big Fears," aired on October 22, 1964, preceding ''The Munsters'' episode "Autumn Croakus" broadcast on November 26, 1964.^[3]. When Don Grady of ''My Three Sons'' learned that he and his TV wife were to be given separate single beds, he told the CBS executives that rival network ABC allowed Darrin and Samantha to sleep in one double bed. Soon thereafter, the single beds were replaced with a queen size bed (where the two could lie together without being close proximity).
''Bewitched'' filmed on location in Salem, Gloucester and Magnolia in June 1970, along with the several episodes filmed in Europe for season eight the only time the show would film away from their Hollywood studio set, which had burnt down. The eight "Salem Saga" episodes, as they became known, helped improve the show's ratings ^[4].
Agnes Moorehead was offered the role of Endora twice. She ran into Elizabeth Montgomery at a department store, after she had already turned it down, and reluctantly accepted Montgomery's offer. Moorehead did not expect the show to be picked up, let alone become a huge hit.

Controversy

★ The show's producers were worried in late 1963 that the Deep South would reject the show's witchcraft premise. A couple of Christian organizations claimed that the show whimsically portrayed occultic powers and put them in an appealing package (Montgomery). Some groups cited that the show's witches and warlocks had no surnames (except for Dr. Bombay) because Wicca is a matriarchy steeped in goddess lore and worship of Mother Earth (early in the series, Darrin asked for Endora's last name. Endora responded, "You'd never be able to pronounce it"). Series fans saw any such criticism as paranoia. ''Bewitched'', like ''The Wizard of Oz'', avoided such dark controversies. Furthermore, the series celebrated Christmas- a Christian holiday- in 1964, 1965, 1967, 1969, and 1970. In ''The Magic Unveiled'', a featurette included in the season 1 DVD set, it stated that Agnes Moorehead was a fundamentalist Christian (born to a Reformed Presbyterian cleric) who would have been vocal if she felt the series promoted the occult.

★ TV Land erected a seven-foot bronze statue of Samantha Stephens in downtown Salem, Massachusetts in June 2005. The "Bewitched Statue" portrays Samantha Stephens riding a broom, resting on a crescent moon. The statue has been a focus of controversy from both Christian fundamentalists who charge the statue promotes witchcraft; and from groups who charge that the statue makes light of the 20 innocent people who were executed for witchcraft in Salem in 1692. Coincidentally, during the 1970-1971 season, in a multi-part story arc, Samantha, Darrin, Endora, Serena, Larry, and Louise took a trip to Salem, Massachusetts. For Samantha, Endora and Serena it was for a witches' convention while for Darrin and Larry it was a business trip.

Cast

Main characters

★ Elizabeth Montgomery as Samantha Stephens

★ Dick York as Darrin Stephens (1964-1969)

★ Dick Sargent as Darrin Stephens (1969-1972)

★ Agnes Moorehead as Endora, Samantha's mother

★ David White as Larry Tate, Darrin's boss at McMann and Tate

★ Alice Pearce as Gladys Kravitz (1964-1966)

★ Sandra Gould as Gladys Kravitz (1966-1971)

★ George Tobias as Abner Kravitz (1964-1971)

★ Erin Murphy as Tabitha Stephens, Darrin and Samantha's daughter, "born" on January 13, 1966 (1966-1972)

★ Diane Murphy as Tabitha Stephens (1966-1968)

★ Greg and David Lawrence as Adam Stephens, son of Darrin and Samantha, "born" on October 16, 1969 (1970-1972)

★ Marion Lorne as Aunt Clara, Samantha's aunt (1964-1968)

★ Irene Vernon as Louise Tate, Larry's wife (1964-1966)

★ Kasey Rogers as Louise Tate (1966-1972)

Recurring characters

★ Maurice Evans as Maurice (Samantha's father)

★ Alice Ghostley as Esmeralda Samantha and Darrin's witch maid (1969-1972)

★ Bernard Fox as Dr. Bombay, the warlock family doctor (1967-1972)

★ Elizabeth Montgomery, credited as "Pandora Spocks" (a takeoff on (Pandora's Box), as her identical cousin Serena (1966-1972)

★ Paul Lynde as Uncle Arthur, Samantha's uncle and Endora's brother (1965-1971)

★ Mabel Albertson as Phyllis Stephens, Darrin's mother (1964-1971)

★ Robert F. Simon as Frank Stephens, Darrin's father (1964-1967 and 1971)

★ Roy Roberts as Frank Stephens (1967-1970)

Characters less frequently seen

★ Aunt Enchantra and Aunt Hagatha, sisters and Samantha's aunts. The "holy terrors" of the family, they customarily ride in an antique car called "Macbeth," which enters the Stephens home through the wall. Enchantra was played by three different actresses, while Hagatha was played by five, including Reta Shaw.

★ Aunt Bertha, another aunt of Samantha's,her relationship is unknown. She is NOT Endora's sister. Only Uncle Arthur was known to be sibling to Endora.

★ Great-Great-Grandfather Adam, Maurice's great-grandfather.

★ Cousin Edgar, Endora's nephew. He is an elf who is very protective of Samantha.

★ Great-Aunt Cornelia, Maurice's aunt. She is a muse who resembled Samantha and the Mona Lisa.

★ Cousin Henry, Samantha's cousin (and possibly Uncle Arthur's son; when Endora once calls Henry "the clown prince of the cosmos," she adds "Where's ''King'' Arthur?"). Whether Arthur's son or not, Henry shares his love of practical jokes.

★ Cousin Panda, Endora's niece. (Elizabeth Montgomery actually had a cousin named Panda.)

★ The Witches Council, the ruling body of all witches and warlocks throughout the cosmos. Never actually seen but only heard as booming voices, they, like Endora, disapprove of Samantha's marriage to Darrin.
They did have a Queen of the Witches, who made one appearance to pass the mantle of Queen to Samantha in season 4. Queen Ticheba was played by Ruth McDevitt.
In the Dick Sargent years, they had a High Priestess named Hepzibah, played by Jane Connell. There was one mention of Samantha being ex-queen. She abdicated at the end of season 4 apparently, but this was never brought up in the series, nor was her successor. Why they used a high priestess this time instead of the queen was never explained.

★ Uncle Albert, the uncle of Darrin Stephens, only shown briefly in episode number 69, "'A Bum Raps".

★ Cousin Helen, the cousin of Darrin, appearing in episode 129, "A Prince of a Guy". She and Uncle Albert are Darrin's only relatives shown, other than his parents.

★ Secretary Betty, the secretary at McMann and Tate, played by various actresses.

★ Mr. McMann, the boss of Larry and Darrin, seen in episode 139, "Man of the Year" and again in episode 191, "What Makes Darrin Run".

★ Harriet Kravitz, Abner's sister (Mary Grace Canfield), who takes care of the house for Abner and Gladys while they are out of town in season 2. This was after Alice Pearce had passed away and before the show had not recast her role in season 3.

★ Ms. Peabody, Tabitha's 1st grade teacher (Maudie Prickett), appeared in two episodes of Season 8, "Tabitha's First Day of School" (248) and "School Days, School Daze" (251).
A number of historical and fictional characters also made appearances, among them:

★ Santa Claus

★ Jack and the Beanstalk

★ Benjamin Franklin

★ Franklin Pierce

★ George and Martha Washington

★ Sigmund Freud

★ Julius Caesar

★ Queen Victoria and Prince Albert

★ Leonardo da Vinci

★ Mother Goose

★ Hansel and Gretel

★ The Tooth Fairy

★ Napoleon

★ Loch Ness Monster

★ King Henry VIII

★ Cleopatra

★ Paul Revere

★ Prince Charming

★ Sleeping Beauty

★ Boyce & Hart

Episode list

Main articles: List of Bewitched episodes

DVD Releases

Main articles: Bewitched DVD Releases

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released the first two seasons of ''Bewitched'' on DVD in 2005, with the third and fourth seasons released in 2006, and the fifth season in 2007. Due to the fact the first two seasons were produced in black and white, Sony released two versions of the sets in region 1: one with the episodes as originally broadcast and a second with the episodes colorized. The color sets outsold the black and white sets by a substantial margin. The colorized editions were the only ones released in regions 2, 3 and 4. The photo above of George Tobias and Alice Pearce is from the colorized version, as Pearce only appeared in the episodes filmed in black and white.

Spin-offs

Comic book

Dell Comics published a short-lived comic book for 14 issues starting in 1965. Most issues had photo covers.

''Tabitha and Adam and the Clown Family''

An animated cartoon made in 1972 by Hanna-Barbera Productions for ''The ABC Saturday Superstar Movie'', this featured teenage versions of Tabitha and Adam visiting their aunt and her family who travel with a circus.

''Tabitha''

In 1977, a spin-off show entitled ''Tabitha'' aired on the ABC network. The show, which ran for less than a season, starred Lisa Hartman as an adult Tabitha working, along with Adam, at television station KXLA. The show had several continuity issues, most notably the ages of Tabitha and Adam (who should have been 11 and 8 years of age in 1977). The Samantha and Darrin characters never appeared in the spin-off series, though Bernard Fox, Sandra Gould, and George Tobias made separate guest appearances as Dr. Bombay, Gladys Kravitz, and Abner Kravitz, respectively.

''Bewitched'' movie

Main articles: Bewitched (film)

''Bewitched'' inspired a 2005 movie re-imagining starring Nicole Kidman and Will Ferrell. When Jack Wyatt (Ferrell), a failing Hollywood actor, is offered the chance of a career comeback playing Darrin in a remake of ''Bewitched''; all he has to do is find the perfect girl to play Samantha. He finds Isabel Bigelow (Kidman), who really is a witch. It is set in Los Angeles rather than New York. The storyline bears some similarities to that of the movie ''Bell, Book and Candle'', often cited as one of the primary inspirations for the original series. The film also stars Shirley MacLaine as an actress playing Endora, and Michael Caine as Isabel's father. It was not well received, and was rated poorly by many critics.

Remakes

Argentina

A local remake of ''Bewitched'', ''Hechizada'', made by Telefé, is slated to be aired in 2007. Florencia Peña will play the role of "Samantha".

India

In 2002, Sony Entertainment Television began airing ''Meri Biwi Wonderful'', a local adaptation of ''Bewitched.''

Japan

The Japanese TBS network, in collaboration with Sony Pictures Entertainment, produced a remake called 奥さまは魔女 (Oku-sama wa majo) (My wife is a witch). Eleven episodes were broadcast on Friday nights at 22:00, from January 16 to March 26 2004, with a special extra episode broadcast on December 21, 2004. The main character, ''Arisa Matsui'', was performed by Ryōko Yonekura. ''奥さまは魔女'' (Oku-sama wa majō) is also the Japanese title for the original American series.

Chile

The Chilean television channel Mega, in collaboration with Sony Pictures Entertainment, will produce a remake called '''La Hechizada'''.^[5]

Notable facts

★ Dr. Bombay appeared on two episodes of the NBC soap opera ''Passions''. Tabitha Lenox, the witch on ''Passions'', has a daughter named Endora and parents named Darrin and Samantha.

★ Dr. Bombay also appeared on the TV show ''Sabrina the Teenaged Witch,'' again played by Bernard Fox.

★ The show was featured in a Jack Chick tract, which portrays it as Satan's favorite television show.

★ ''Bewitched'' proved to be very popular with young girls when it first aired in Japan, and is considered to be the inspiration for the magical girl genre of anime.

★ Elizabeth Montgomery is the only actress to appear in every episode of the series.

★ Elizabeth Montgomery never actually "twitched" her nose. She would wiggle her upper lip back and forth, giving the appearance of the famous "nose twitch."

★ The "incantation" that allowed the witches to do magic, usually said to themselves, was "zoldar prenkem kopeck lum." Darrin, when he was granted temporary witch powers, also used this.

★ Male witches were referred to as "warlocks" as opposed to the modern "wizards."

See also

★ ''I Dream of Jeannie''

★ ''My Favorite Martian''

★ ''My Hero''

★ ''Oku-sama wa Maho Shojo''

★ List of television series that include time travel

Further reading

★ Bewitched, , Walter, Metz, Wayne State University Press, ,