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Chemical structure of barium sulfate 3D model of barium sulfate
''Barium Sulfate''
'CAS number' [7727-43-7]	'ATC code' V08BA01
Chemical formula	BaSO4
Molecular weight	233.43
Specific gravity	4.5
Bioavailability	negligible orally
Melting point	1580°C
Density	4.5 g/cm3
Solubility in water	0.00115 g/L (18°C)
Solubility Product in water	1.08×10-10 (25°C)
RTECS number	CR060000tlh;lhlllllltl#rh0

'Barium sulfate' (or 'barium sulphate') is a white crystalline solid with the chemical formula BaSO₄. It is very insoluble in water and other traditional solvents, but is soluble in concentrated sulfuric acid. The mineral barite is composed largely of barium sulfate and is a common ore of barium.

Contents

Uses

Radiocontrast agent

Pigment

Pyrotechnics

Other uses

History

References

Uses

Radiocontrast agent

Barium sulfate is frequently used clinically as a radiocontrast agent for X-ray imaging and other diagnostic procedures. It is most often used in imaging of the GI tract during what is colloquially known as a 'Barium meal'.
It is administered, orally or by enema, as a suspension of fine particles in an aqueous solution (often with sweetening agents added). Although barium is a heavy metal, and its water soluble compounds are often highly toxic, the extremely low solubility of barium sulfate protects the patient from absorbing harmful amounts of the metal. Barium sulfate is also readily removed from the body, unlike Thorotrast, which it replaced. The compound works due to barium's relatively high atomic number (Z = 56), since large nuclei absorb X-rays much better than smaller nuclei.

Pigment

Barium sulfate mixtures are used as white pigment for paints, when combined with zinc sulfide (ZnS) it is called lithopone, when combined with sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) it is called blanc fixe although blance fixe is also the name given to pure precipitated barium sulfate. It replaced white lead due to the latter's toxicity.

Pyrotechnics

Barium sulfate is also used as a high temperature oxidizer in certain pyrotechnic formulas, as it produces a green colored light while it burns. Barium nitrate is more common in green pyrotechnic formulas, as it is a more amiable oxidizer while still producing green colored light.

Other uses

Barium sulfate is used as a filler in plastics and as a component of oil well drilling fluid to increase the density.
It is used in brake linings, acoustic foams and powder coatings
Barium sulfate is also used during the procedure of the soil pH test. In this test it is used so that it precipitates out any particles (usually clay particles) which would otherwise 'cloud' solution preventing one from seeing the colour of the pH indicator i.e. the result of the test.
It is used in root canal filling.
In colorimetry barium sulphate is used as a near-perfect diffuser when measuring light sources.

History

Barium sulfate is reduced to barium sulfide by carbon. The accidental discovery of this conversion many centuries ago led to the discovery of the first synthetic phosphor (Hollman and Wiberg, 2001). The sulfide, unlike the sulfate, is water soluble.

References

★ Holleman, A. F. and Wiberg, E. (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', San Diego, CA : Academic Press, ISBN 0-12-352651-5