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'Avaiki' is one of the many entities by which the people of Polynesia refer to their ancestral and spiritual homelands.
By no means certain, but certainly possible, is an origin in the large islands of Samoa, namely Savaii. Variants include, in order of migration, Havaii, the old name for Raiatea in French Polynesia; the far better known Hawaii in the United States, Avaiki in the Cook Islands and Niue and Hawaiki in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
There are endless local variants. In the Cook Islands, for example, on the capital island of Rarotonga, northern facing volcanic rocks, tumbling onto the shore millennia ago and still set in place, are well known as the ancient departure point for souls bound for Avaiki - the afterworld or heaven.
In fact each island, ''vaka'' or ''ngati'' (family line) has its own Avaiki or interpretation of it. For instance it would be somewhere in the manu'a islands group (American Samoa) for the Ngati Karika (Te au o Tonga tribe - Rarotonga)^[1]. For the Ngati Tangi'ia (Takitumu tribe-Rarotonga), it would be at Tahiti. Others locate Avaiki at Raiatea...
In the mythology of Mangaia (Cook Islands), Avaiki is the "underworld" or "netherworld". It is described like a hollow of a vast coconut shell. Varima-te-takere, the mother of Vatea, lives in the lowest depths of the interior of this coconut shell (Tregear 1891:392)^[2]. Nevertheless the famous maori anthropologist Te Rangi Hiroa (Peter Buck), gives a less mystical interpretation of this mangaian Avaiki. According to him, "''when Tangi'ia came to Rarotonga from Tahiti, he brought with him some rankless "manahune"^[3] (...) As they had no chance of rising in social status, some of them under the leadership of Rangi migrated to Mangaia to start a new life (c.1450-1475). Their antagonism toward Rarotonga made them conceal the land of origin and invent an origin from a spiritual homeland in the netherworld of Avaiki''"^[4]

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Notes

Notes

1. "''Ko te papa ariki teia mei Avaiki mai, mei roto ia papa''" Genealogies and Historical Notes from Rarotonga, Part 1. Journal of the Polynesian Society vol 1. p. 64-75, 1892

2. E.R. Tregear, ''Maori-Polynesian Comparative Dictionary'' (Lyon and Blair: Lambton Quay), 1891.
3. Commoners in Tahitian
4. Peter Buck, "Mangaian Society" in "Bulletin of the Bishop Museum", Honolulu, 1934.