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The 'Atlantic jackknife ' (''Ensis directus''), also known as the 'American jackknife clam' or 'razor clam' (but note that "razor clam" sometimes refers to different species), is a mollusc which is found on the Atlantic coast, from Canada to South Carolina. The clam lives in the sand and mud found in intertidal or subtidal zones in bays and estuaries.
The predators of ''Ensis directus'' include birds, such as the ring-billed gull (''Larus delawarensis'') in North America and the Eurasian oystercatcher (''Haematopus ostralegus'') in Europe, and the nemertean worm ''Cerebratulus lacteus''[1].
It is also found in northwestern Europe, where it is regarded as a harmful exotic species. It was first recorded in Europe in 1978/79 in the Elbe estuary.

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★ Kenchington, E., R. Duggan and T. Riddell. 1998. [Early life history characteristics of the razor clam (''Ensis directus'') and the moonsnails (''Euspiru'' spp.) with applications to fisheries and aquaculture. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2223: vii + 32 p. [2]

★ Camponelli, K. 2001. "Ensis directus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed August 27, 2006 [3].

★ Gollasch Consulting. Exotics Across the Ocean - EU Concerted Action. ''Ensis directus''