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'Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria' (30 July 1833 – 19 May 1896) was the father of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, whose shooting occasioned the start of World War I.
He was born at Schönbrunn in Vienna, the son of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802-1878) and his wife Sophie of Bavaria (1805-1872). His siblings included the Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, the Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, Archduchess Maria Anna Caroline Pia and Archduke Ludwig Viktor.
He married three times.
His first wife, whom he married on 11 April 1856 at Dresden, was Margaretha, Princess of and Duchess in Saxony (1840-1858), the daughter of Johann of Saxony (1801-1873) and his wife Princess Amalie Auguste of Bavaria (1801-1877). She died on 15 September 1858 and they had no children.
His second wife, whom he married by proxy on 16 October 1862 at Rome, and in person on 21 October 1862 at Venice, was Maria Annunciata of the Two Sicilies (1843-1871), daughter of Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies (1810-1859) and his wife Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867).
They had four children:

★ Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (1863-1914)

★ Archduke Otto Franz of Austria (1865-1906)

★ Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria (1868-1915). Married morganatically to Bertha Czuber. No issue.

★ Archduchess Margarete Sophie of Austria (1870-1902). Married Albrecht, Duke of Württemberg.
Maria Annunciata died on 4 May 1871.
His third wife, whom he married on 23 July 1873 at Kleinheubach, was Maria Teresa, Infanta of Portugal (1855-1944), daughter of King Miguel I of Portugal and his wife Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg.
They had two daughters:

★ Maria Annunziata of Austria (1876-1961). Abbess of the Theresia Convent in the Hradschin, Prague.

★ Elisabeth Amalie of Austria (1878-1960). Married Prince Aloys of Liechtenstein and was mother of Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein.
Karl Ludwig died of typhoid at Schönbrunn in Vienna. His widow, Maria Teresa died 12 February 1944.