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The 'Archdiocese of Utrecht' is a Roman-Catholic archdiocese based in the Dutch city of Utrecht. It was a Prince-Bishopric of the Holy Roman Empire from 1024 until the collapse of the Empire in the French Revolutionary Wars in 1806, being a territory of the Habsburgs from 1528 onwards.

Contents

History

Foundation

Prince-Bishopric

Under the Habsburgs

Bishops until Reformation

Archbishops

Apostolic Vicars of the Dutch Mission

Old Catholic archbishops

Roman Catholic archbishops

References

History

Foundation

The Diocese of Utrecht was established in 695 when Saint Willibrord was consecrated bishop of the Frisians at Rome by Pope Sergius I, and with the consent of the Frankish ruler, Pippin of Herstal, settled at the market-town of Utrecht. After Willibrord's death the diocese suffered greatly from the incursions of the Frisians, and later on of the Normans.

Prince-Bishopric

Better times appeared during the reign of the Saxon emperors, who frequently summoned the Bishops of Utrecht to attend the imperial councils and diets. In 1024 the bishops were made Princes of the Holy Roman Empire and the new 'Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht' was formed. It contained the present day Dutch province of Utrecht and the provinces of Groningen, Drenthe, and Overijssel.
In 1122, with the Concordat of Worms, the Emperor's right of investiture was annulled, and the cathedral chapter received the right to the election of the bishop. It was, however, soon obligated to share this right with the four other collegiate chapters in the city: St. Salvator, St. John's, St. Peter's and St. Mary's. The Counts of Holland and Geldern, between whose territories the lands of the Bishops of Utrecht lay, also sought to acquire influence over the filling of the episcopal see. This often led to disputes and consequently the Holy See frequently interfered in the election. After the middle of the 14th century the popes repeatedly appointed the bishop directly without regard to the five chapters.
In 1527, the Bishop sold his territories to Emperor Charles V and the principality became part of the Habsburg dominions; the chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles, a measure to which Pope Clement VII gave his consent.

Under the Habsburgs

In 1559, Utrecht was raised to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see with six suffragan dioceses, but this new state of affairs did not last long. When the northern provinces of the Netherlands revolted, the archdiocese fell, with the overthrow of the Spanish power. According to the terms of the Union of Utrecht, the rights and privileges of the Roman Catholic religion were guaranteed, but on June 14, 1580, the practice of that religion was forbidden by the magistrates of Utrecht. The Cathedral of Saint Martin was taken from the archbishop and his Chapter; in truth the Government of the United Provinces was unable to control the extremists. On August 25, 1580, Archbishop Schenk died, and two successors appointed by Spain did not receive canonical confirmation, neither could they enter their diocese.
The See remained vacant until 1602, when the place of Archbishop was taken by the apostolic vicars of the Dutch Mission (Hollandse Zending), who, however, were generally driven from the country by the Estates-General and forced to administer their charge from abroad. These vicars were consecrated as titular archbishops in order not to offend the Dutch Government, but on the condition that they would assume the real title of Archbishop of Utrecht when circumstances permitted.
During the last period of the apostolic vicariate, Jansenism and Gallicanism spread among the clergy and vicar Petrus Codde was suspended by the Pope, who accused him of being a Jansenist. He continued as Archbishop, remaining out of communion with the Papacy. After his death the majority of the diocesan clergy continued to claim the right to elect the bishops for themselves.
Having obtained the permission of the Dutch government, in 1723 the chapter elected a new archbishop, who was not confirmed in post, and excommunicated by Pope Benedict XIII. This was the beginning of what would become the Old Catholic Church. All the Old Catholic Archbishops from 1723 until 1858 notified their elections to the Popes. The latter however appointed Roman Apostolic Vicars to the Netherlands (to Utrecht) until 1853, when finally Roman diocesan hierarchy was re-established throughout the northern Netherlands. In 1853, the Holy See re-established its own hierarchy in the Netherlands. At present, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Utrecht, since 1945 often a cardinal, is the Primate of the Netherlands and the Metropolitan of a province with six suffragans.

Bishops until Reformation

★ Willibrord (Clemens) (695–739)

★ Wera (739?–752/3)

★ Eoban (753–754)

★ Gregory of Utrecht (754–775)

★ Alberic of Utrecht (775–784)

★ Theodardus (784–790)

★ Hamacarus (790–806)

★ Ricfried (806–ca. 820)

★ Frederik I (ca. 820–829)

★ Alberik II (835/7–845)

★ Eginhard (ca. 845)

★ Liudger (ca. 848–854)

★ Hunger (854–866)

★ Adalbold I (866–899)

★ Radboud (899/900–917)

★ Balderik (917/8–975/6)

★ Folcmar (Poppo) (976–990)

★ Boudewijn I (991–995)

★ Ansfried (995–1010)

★ Adalbold II (1010–1026)

★ Bernold (1026/7–1054)

★ William I (1054–1076)

★ Conrad (1076–1099)

★ Burchard (1100–1112)

★ Godebold (1114–1127)

★ Andreas van Cuijk (1127/8–1139)

★ Hartbert (1139–1150)

★ Herman van Hoorn (1151–1156)

★ Godfried van Rhenen (1156–1178)

★ Boudewijn II van Holland (1178–1196)

★ Arnold I van Isenburg (1196–1197)

★ Dirk I van Holland (1197)

★ Dirk II van Are (van Ahr) (1197/8–1212)

★ Otto I van Gelre (1212–1215)

★ Otto II van Lippe (1216–1227)

★ Wilbrand van Oldenburg (1227–1233)

★ Otto III van Holland (1233–1249)

★ Gozewijn van Amstel (van Randerath) (1249–1250)

★ Hendrik I van Vianden (1250/2–1267)

★ Jan I van Nassau (1267–1290)

★ Jan II van Sierck (1290–1296)

★ Willem II Berthout (1296–1301)

★ Guy van Avennes (1301–1317)

★ Frederik II van Sierck (1317–1322)

★ Jacob van Oudshoorn (1322)

★ Jan III van Diest (1322–1340)

★ Jan IV van Arkel (1342–1364)

★ Jan V van Virneburg (1364–1371)

★ Arnold II van Hoorn (1371–1379)

★ Floris van Wevelinkhoven (1379–1393)

★ Frederik III van Blankenheim (1393–1423)

★ Rudolf van Diepholt (1423–1455)

★ Zweder van Culemborg (1425–1433)

★ Walraven van Meurs (1434–1448)

★ Gijsbrecht van Brederode (1455–1456)

★ David van Bourgondië (1456–1496)

★ Frederik IV van Baden (1496–1517)

★ Philip of Burgundy (1517–1524)

★ Hendrik II of Bavaria (1524–1529)

★ Willem III van Enckenvoirt (1529–1534)

★ Georg van Egmond (1534–1559)

Archbishops

★ Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg (1559–1580)

★ Herman van Rennenberg (1580–1592)

★ Jan van Bruhesen (1592–1600)

Apostolic Vicars of the Dutch Mission

===Archbishops ''in partibus'' and Apostolic Vicars, in Utrecht===

★ Sasbout Vosmeer (1602–1614)

★ Philippus Rovenius (1620–1651)

★ Jacobus de la Torre (1651–1661)

★ Johannes van Neercassel (1661–1686)

★ Petrus Codde (1688–1704)

★ Gerhard Potcamp (1705)

★ Adam Daemen (1707–1717)

★ Johannes van Bijlevelt (1717–1727)
===Pro-Apostolic Vicars, in Bruxelles===

★ Joseph Spinelli (1727–1731)

★ Vincentius Montalto (1731–1732)

★ Silvester Valenti Gonzaga (1732–1736)

★ Franciscus Goddard (1736–1737)

★ Lucas Melchior Tempi (1737–1743)

★ Petrus Paulus Testa (1744)

★ Ignatius Crivelli (1744–1755)

★ Carolus Molinari (1755–1763)

★ Batholomeus Soffredini (1763)

★ Thomas Maria Ghilini (1763–1775)

★ Joannes Antonius Maggiora (1775–1776)

★ Ignatius Busca (1776–1785)

★ Michael Causati (1785–1786)

★ Antonius Felix Zondadari (1786–1792)
===Pro-Apostolic Vicars, in Münster and Amsterdam===

★ Caesar di Brancadoro (1792–1794)

★ Ludovicus Ciamberlani (1794–1828)
===Pro-Apostolic Vicars, in The Hague===

★ Franciscus Cappacini (1829–1831)

★ Antonius Antonucci (1831–1841)

★ Innocentius Ferrieri (1841–1847)

★ Johannes Zwijsen (1847–1848)

★ Carolus Belgrado (1848–1853)

Old Catholic archbishops

★ Cornelius van Steenoven (1724–1725)

★ Cornelius Johannes Barchman Wuytiers (1725–1733)

★ Theodorus van der Croon (1734–1739)

★ Petrus Johannes Meindaerts (1739–1767)

★ Walter van Nieuwenhuisen (1768–1797)

★ Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn (1797–1808)

★ Willibrord van Os (1814–1825)

★ Johannes van Santen (1825–1858)

★ Henricus Loos (1858–1873)

★ Johannes Heijkamp (1875–1892)

★ Gerardus Gul (1892–1920)

★ Franciscus Kenninck (1920–1937)

★ Andreas Rinkel (1937–1970)

★ Marinus Kok (1970–1982)

★ Antonius Jan Glazemaker (1982–1999)

★ Joris Vercammen (2000–''present'')

Roman Catholic archbishops

★ Johannes Zwijsen (1853–1868)

★ Andreas Ignatius Schaepman (1868–1882)

★ Petrus Matthias Snickers (1883–1895)

★ Henricus van de Wetering (1895–1929)

★ Johannes Henricus Gerardus Jansen (1930–1936)

★ Johannes de Jong (1936–1955)

★ Bernardus Johannes Alfrink (1955–1975)

★ Johannes Gerardus Maria Willebrands (1975–1983)

★ Adrianus Johannes Simonis (1983–2007)

References

★ Apostolisch vicarissen van de Hollandse Zending