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'Antennapedia' is a hox gene first discovered in ''Drosophila'' which controls the placement of legs. A loss-of-function mutation in the regulatory region of this gene can result in the development of the second leg pair into ectopic antennae. By contrast gain-of-function alleles convert antenna into ectopic legs.
This is just one illustration of the tendency of organisms to exhibit variations on a theme, modulated repetition. Legs and antennae are related much as molars and incisors or fingers and thumbs, arms and legs are.
Antennapedia also refers to a gene complex in ''Drosophila'' which is responsible for formation and differentiation of the thoracic and head segments of the fly's body.

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