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'Amherst' (2006 population 9,505; UA population 9,547 http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/popdwell/Table.cfm?T=301&SR=100&S=1&O=A&RPP=100&SRCH=1 Amherst Community Profile versus other Canadian cities) is a Canadian town in northwestern Cumberland County, Nova Scotia.
Located at the northeast end of the Cumberland Basin, an arm of the Bay of Fundy, Amherst is strategically situated on the eastern boundary of the Tantramar Marshes 3 kilometres east of the interprovincial border with New Brunswick and 65 kilometres east of the city of Moncton. It is also located 60 kilometres southwest of the New Brunswick abutment of the Confederation Bridge to Prince Edward Island at Cape Jourimain.
Amherst is the shire town and largest population centre in Cumberland County. According to Dr. Graham P. Hennessey, "The Micmac name was ''Nemcheboogwek'' meaning "going up rising ground", in reference to the higher land to the east of the Tantramar Marshes. The Acadians who settled here as early as 1672 called the village ''Les Planches''. It was named Amherst by Colonel Joseph Morse, the first settler, in honour of Lord Jeffrey Amherst, commander-in-chief of the British Army in North America during the Seven Years' War.

Contents

History

Businesses

Sports teams

Notable natives

External links

History

The town was first settled in 1764 by immigrants from Yorkshire following the expulsion of the Acadians, with the original settlement being located three kilometres southwest of the present town on the shore of the Bay of Fundy. These settlers were joined by British Loyalists during the American Revolution. A mill was built on the current townsite, and the residents moved to be closer to work.
During the 19th century, Amherst became an important regional centre for shipbuilding and other services to outlying communities. An indication of the town's importance in Canadian history is seen with its four Fathers of Confederation: Edward B. Chandler, Robert B. Dickey, Jonathan McCully, and Sir Charles Tupper.
During the late 1800s, local industrialists and entrepreneurs constructed many fine Victorian and Edwardian homes along Victoria Street East, leading toward the farming hamlet of East Amherst. Many notable residents have lived in this district, including Tupper, Senator Thomas R. Black, the Barker Family, the Lamy Family, the Pugsley Family and Molly Simmons Critchely.
Amherst experienced unprecedented industrialization in the late 1870s after the Intercolonial Railway of Canada constructed its mainline from Halifax to Quebec through the town in 1872. The location of the railway line away from the Bay of Fundy coast further consolidated the town at its present location as industry and commercial activity centred around this important transportation link. The economic boom created by the arrival of the Intercolonial Railway lasted through World War I and numerous foundries, factories and mills opened, giving rise to the nickname "Busy Amherst".
Amherst's prosperity would not last as the failed economic policies of the federal and provincial governments, coupled with World War I, saw the town's industrial economy begin a slow decline during the 1910s, punctuated by the Amherst General Strike in 1919 where worker unrest over social and economic conditions led to mass protests in sympathy with the Winnipeg General Strike.
The eventual closure of companies such as Robb Engineering & Manufacturing (purchased by Canada Car and Foundry and then closed) and Amherst Pianos, among others led to a resignment of lost dreams as the town was overtaken by other newer manufacturing centres in central Canada during the 20th century. Amherst had a modest-sized industrial park constructed during the 1960s when the Trans-Canada Highway was being developed. Today the majority of the town's major employers are located there, including PolyCello and IMP Aerospace.
Amherst hosted a prisoner of war detention centre during World War I, and Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky was incarcerated there for several months after he was arrested in Halifax, Nova Scotia in April 1917.
During World War II the Royal Canadian Navy named a Flower class corvette HMCS Amherst.
The town is served by VIA Rail's Halifax-to-Montreal train ''Ocean'' and intercity buses of Acadiɐn Lines.

Businesses

Amherst is the retail centre for Cumberland County and the southeastern part of Westmorland County. The town has several big box stores, including Wal-Mart, Sobeys, Atlantic Superstore, Zellers, Kent Building Supplies and Shoppers Drug Mart, in addition to several fast food restaurants and auto dealerships. There are also smaller independent retailers and restaurants in the downtown area, situated among various historic buildings. The town's location on Highway 104 (part of the Trans-Canada Highway) has transformed South Albion street and Robert Angus Drive into a highway service centre.

Sports teams

The most popular sports team in Amherst is the Amherst Ramblers, a Junior A hockey team.

Notable natives

★ Willard Boyle, co-inventor of the charge-coupled device (CCD).

★ Bill Casey, politician

★ Edward Barron Chandler

★ Robert C. Coates, politician

★ Mal Davis, NHL player

★ Robert Barry Dickey

★ Leslie Feist, performer

★ Sandy Goss, Olympian

★ Rocky Johnson, professional wrestler

★ Jonathan McCully

★ Willard M. Mitchell, artist and architect

★ Peter Myles, film music editor

★ Bill Riley, third Black player to play in the NHL

★ Sir Charles Tupper, Prime Minister of Canada

External links

★ Town of Amherst

★ Environment Canada - Amherst Weather

★ Cumberland County Genealogical Society - Amherst - The Local Newspaper Compares Amherst and its newspaper in 1939 and 1914.