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The 'American Rhea' (''Rhea americana''), also known as the 'Gray', 'Common', or 'Greater Rhea' is not only the largest species of rhea but the largest American bird, with adults averaging 27 kilograms (60 lbs) and 129 cm (51 inches) long.
Farmers sometimes consider them pests, because they will eat broad leaf crop plants. Because of this habit, farmers sometimes kill the birds. This, along with egg gathering and habitat loss, has led to a sharp population decline; the species is listed as being of "special concern." They do not usually eat most corn or other monocots, but they relish brassicas (cabbage, chard and bok choi), although if very hungry, soybean leaves will do. Rheas disdain grasses unless there are no other options. The habitual burning of crops in South America has contributed to their decline.
The American Rhea lives in grassland, savanna, scrub forest, chaparral, and even desert, but prefers areas with at least some tall vegetation. During breeding season (which ranges from August to January in South America, April to August in North America), it stays near water. It is endemic to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
Male rheas are very territorial during breeding season. The infant chicks are highly intolerant of toxins, having high mortality in typical confinement farming situations. Baby chicks under optimum conditions will grow to four feet tall by their fifth month.
Rheas have an incredible immune system that allows injured birds to heal rapidly with little intervention. This is reflected in the commercial uses of the animal. The fat of the birds is used as an anti-inflammatory salve. Use of the meat as an energy supplement is patented in the U.S. and Canada by an American woman who has spent 15 years working to reduce chick mortality and provide a commercial basis for the species, trying to ensure its long-term survival.
The American Rhea is a threatened species as listed in CITES, although only near threatened according to the IUCN.

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