ALVEOLAR TAP

The 'alveolar tap' or 'flap' is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents dental, alveolar, and postalveolar flaps is , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is 4.

Contents

Definition

Features

Occurrence

See also

Definition

Many linguists use the terms ''tap'' and ''flap'' indiscriminately.
Peter Ladefoged proposed for a while that it may be useful to distinguish between them. However, his usage has been inconsistent, contradicting itself even between different editions of the same text. The last proposed distinction was that a tap strikes its point of contact directly, as a very brief plosive, whereas a flap strikes the point of contact tangentially: "Flaps are most typically made by retracting the tongue tip behind the alveolar ridge and moving it forward so that it strikes the ridge in passing." However, later on, he no longer felt this was a useful distinction to make, and preferred to use the word ''flap'' in all cases.
For linguists who do make the distinction, the coronal tap is transcribed as a fish-hook ar, , while the flap is transcribed as a small capital dee, , which is not recognized by the IPA. Otherwise, alveolars and dentals are typically called ''taps'', and other articulations ''flaps''. No language contrasts a tap and a flap at the same place of articulation.

Features

Features of the alveolar flap/tap:

★ Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator briefly strikes the other.

★ Its place of articulation is alveolar which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue against the alveolar ridge.

★ Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.

★ It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.

★ It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.

★ The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Albanian		''emë'r'''		'name'
Basque		''lo'r'ea''		'the flower'
Chechen		'р'агI/'''r'aġ''		'mountain range'
English	GA	''ca't'aly't'ic conver't'er''		'catalytic converter'	Intervocalic allophone of and . See English phonology and flapping
	AuE, NZE				See Australian English phonology
Korean		바람/baram		'wind'
Norwegian		''no'r'ge''		'Norway'	See Norwegian phonology
Portuguese		''cont'r'a''		'against'	See Portuguese phonology
Spanish		''á'r'bol''		'tree'	See Spanish phonology

See also

★ List of phonetic topics