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In air traffic control, an 'Area Control Center' ('ACC'), also known as a 'Center', is a facility responsible for controlling instrument flight rules aircraft en route in a particular volume of airspace (a Flight Information Region) at high altitudes between airport approaches and departures. In the United States, such a Center is referred to as an 'Air Route Traffic Control Center' ('ARTCC').
A Center typically accepts traffic from, and ultimately passes traffic to, the control of a Terminal Control Center or of another Center. Most Centers are operated by the national governments of the countries in which they are located. The general operations of Centers world-wide, and the boundaries of the airspace each Center controls, are governed by the International Civil Aviation Organization.
In some cases, the function of an Area Control Center and a TRACON are combined in a single facility such as a CERAP.

Contents

FAA definition

Subdivision of airspace into sectors

Center operations

Oceanic air traffic control

ARTCCs in the United States

ACCs in Canada

International ACC

FAA definition

The United States Federal Aviation Administration defines an ARTCC as
:[a] facility established to provide air traffic control service to aircraft operating on IFR flight plans within controlled airspace, principally during the en route phase of flight. When equipment capabilities and controller workload permit, certain advisory/assistance services may be provided to VFR aircraft. An ARTCC is the U.S. equivalent of an Area Control Center (ACC).

Subdivision of airspace into sectors

The Flight Information Region controlled by a Center may be further administratively subdivided into sectors; each sector may use a distinct set of communications frequencies and personnel. An aircraft passing from one sector to another may be handed off and requested to change frequencies to contact the next sector controller. Sector boundaries are specified by an aeronautical chart.

Center operations

Air traffic controllers working within a Center communicate via radio with pilots of instrument flight rules aircraft passing through the Center's airspace. A Center's communication frequencies (typically in the very high frequency amplitude modulation aviation bands, 118 MHz to 137 MHz, for overland control) are published in aeronautical charts and manuals, and will also be announced to a pilot by the previous controller during a hand-off.
In addition to radios to communicate with aircraft, Center controllers have access to communication links with other Centers and TRACONs. In the United States, Centers are electronically linked through the National Airspace System, which allows nationwide coordination of traffic flow to manage congestion. Centers in the United States also have electronic access to nationwide radar data.
Controllers use radar to monitor the progress of flights and instruct aircraft to perform course adjustments as needed to maintain separation from other aircraft. Aircraft with which a Center has made radar contact can be readily distinguished by their transponders. Pilots may also request altitude adjustments or course changes to avoid turbulence or adverse weather conditions.
Controllers can assign routing relative to location fixes derived from latitude and longitude, or from radionavigation beacons such as VORs. See also Airway; VORs and aerial highways.
Typically, Centers have advance notice of a plane's arrival and intentions from its prefiled flight plan.

Oceanic air traffic control

Some Centers have ICAO-designated responsibility for airspace located over an ocean, the majority of which is international airspace. Because substantial volumes of oceanic airspace lie beyond the range of ground-based radars, oceanic airspace controllers have to estimate the position of an airplane from pilot reports and computer models (procedural control), rather than observing the position directly (radar control, also known as positive control). Pilots flying over an ocean can determine their own positions accurately using the Global Positioning System and can supply periodic updates to a Center. See also Air traffic control: Radar Coverage.
A Center's control service for an oceanic FIR may be operationally distinct from its service for a domestic overland FIR over land, employing different communications frequencies, controllers, and a different ICAO code.
Pilots typically use high frequency radio instead of very high frequency radio to communicate with a Center when flying over the ocean, because of HF's relatively greater propagation over long distances.

ARTCCs in the United States

The continental United States has twenty centers, which are operated by the Federal Aviation Administration. The Centers are named after major cities, although most are physically located outside the cities for which they are named. Each Center is identified by a three-letter FAA identifier as well as a four-letter ICAO code, which is the same as the FAA code prefixed by the continental United States' region code "K".
Albuquerque Air Route Traffic Control Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico (ZAB)
8000 Louisiana Blvd., N.E. Albuquerque, NM 87109
Atlanta Air Route Traffic Control Center, Hampton, Georgia (ZTL),
299 Woolsey Road, Hampton, GA 30228
Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center, Nashua, New Hampshire (ZBW),
35 Northeastern Blvd, Nashua, NH 03060
Chicago Air Route Traffic Control Center, Aurora, Illinois (ZAU),
619 Indian Trail Road, Aurora, IL 60506
Cleveland Air Route Traffic Control Center, Oberlin, Ohio (ZOB),
326 East Lorain Street, Oberlin, OH 44074
Denver Air Route Traffic Control Center, Longmont, Colorado (ZDV),
2211 17th Avenue, Longmont, CO 80501
Fort Worth Air Route Traffic Control Center, Euless, Texas (ZFW),
13800 FAA Road, Fort Worth, TX 76155
Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center, Houston, Texas (ZHU),
Intercontinental Airport, 16600 J.F. Kennedy Blvd, Houston TX 77032
Indianapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center, Indianapolis, Indiana (ZID),
1850 South Sigsbee, Indianapolis, IN 46241
Jacksonville Air Route Traffic Control Center, Hilliard, Florida (ZJX),
811 East Second Street, Hilliard, FL 32046
Kansas City Air Route Traffic Control Center, Olathe, Kansas (ZKC),
250 South Rogers Road, Olathe, KS 66062
Los Angeles Air Route Traffic Control Center, Palmdale, California (ZLA),
2555 East Avenue "P", Palmdale, CA 93550
Memphis Air Route Traffic Control Center, Memphis, Tennessee (ZME),
3229 Democrat Road, Memphis, TN 38118
Miami Air Route Traffic Control Center, Miami, Florida (ZMA),
7500 N.W. 58th Street, Miami, FL 33166
Minneapolis Air Route Traffic Control Center, Farmington, Minnesota (ZMP),
512 Division Street, Farmington, MN 55024
New York Air Route Traffic Control Center, Ronkonkoma, New York (ZNY),
MacArthur Airport, 4205 Johnson Ave, Ronkonkoma, NY 11779
Oakland Air Route Traffic Control Center, Fremont, California (ZOA),
5125 Central Avenue, Fremont, CA 94536
Salt Lake City Air Route Traffic Control Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (ZLC),
2150 West 700 North, Salt Lake City, UT 84116
Seattle Air Route Traffic Control Center, Auburn, Washington (ZSE),
3101 Auburn Way South, Auburn, WA 98092
Washington Air Route Traffic Control Center, Leesburg, Virginia (ZDC),
825 East Market Street, Leesburg, VA 22075
The United States also operates Centers outside the contiguous United States:

★ Anchorage Air Route Traffic Control Center, Anchorage, Alaska (ZAN), 5400 Davis Highway, Anchorage, AK 99506

★ Honolulu Combined Center/RAPCON (CERAP), Honolulu, Hawaii (PHZH/ZHN)

★ San Juan CERAP, San Juan, Puerto Rico (TJZS/ZSU)

★ Guam Air Route Traffic Control Center, Barrigada, Guam (PGZU/ZUA), 1775 Admiral Sherman Boulevard, Barrigada, GU 96913

ACCs in Canada

Canada has seven Centers, which are operated by NAV CANADA. The ICAO code for each Canadian Center is the same as its three-letter code prefixed by the Canadian country code "C".

★ Edmonton Area Control Centre, Edmonton, Alberta (CZEG)

★ Gander Area Control Centre, Gander, Newfoundland (CZQX) - Oceanic and domestic

★ Moncton Area Control Centre, Riverview, New Brunswick (CZQM)

★ Montreal Area Control Centre, Montreal, Quebec (CZUL)

★ Toronto Area Control Centre, Toronto, Ontario (CZYZ)

★ Vancouver Area Control Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia (CZVR)

★ Winnipeg Area Control Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba (CZWG)

International ACC

★ Amsterdam, Holland

★ Barcelona, Spain - AENA

★ Berlin, Germany - DFS

★ Bordeaux, France

★ Bratislava, Slovakia - LPS

★ Brindisi, Italy - Enav

★ Brest, France

★ Bucharest, Romania - Romatsa

★ Copenhagen, Denmark - Naviair

★ Hong Kong - CAD

★ Istanbul, Turkey - DMHI

★ Karachi, Pakistan - CAA [1]

★ Lahore, Pakistan - CAA [2]

★ Lisbon, Portugal - Nav Portugal

★ London, England - National Air Traffic Services - NATS

★ Madrid, Spain

★ Marseille, France

★ Mumbai, India - Airports Authority of India

★ Oslo, Norway - ATCC

★ Paris, France

★ Reims, France - DSNA

★ Rome, Italy

★ Shannon, Ireland - Irish Aviation Authority

★ Stockholm, Sweden - LFV Sweden

★ Sofia, Bulgaria - ATSA Bulgaria

★ Vilnius, Lithuania - Oro Navigacija Lithuania

★ Warsaw, Poland - PATA