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'Agenais', or 'Agenois', was a former province of France located in southwest France south of Périgord.^[1]
In ancient Gaul the region was the country of the 'Nitiobroges' with Aginnum for their capital, which in the fourth century was the Civitas Agennensium, which was a part of Aquitania Secunda and which formed the diocese of Agen. Having in general shared the fortunes of Aquitaine during the Merovingian and Carolingian periods, Agenais next became an hereditary county in the part of the country now called Gascony (Vasconia).
In 1038 this county was purchased by the dukes of Aquitaine, counts of Poitiers. The marriage of Eleanor of Aquitaine with Henry Plantagenet in 1152 brought it under the sway of England; but when Richard Coeur-de-Lion married his sister Joan to Raymund VI, Count of Toulouse, in 1196, Agenais formed part of the princess's dowry; and with the other estates of the last independent count of Toulouse it lapsed to the crown of France in 1271.
This, however, was not for long; the king of France had to recognize the prior rights of the king of England to the possession of the county, and restored it to him in 1279. During the Hundred Years' War between the English and the French Agenais was frequently taken and retaken, the final retreat of the English in 1453 at last leaving the king of France in peaceable possession.
Thenceforth Agenais was no more than an administrative term. At the end of the Ancien Régime it formed part of the ''Gouvernement'' of Guienne, and at the Revolution it was incorporated in the département of Lot-et-Garonne, of which it constitutes nearly the whole. The title of count of Agenais, which the kings of England had allowed to fall into desuetude, was revived by the kings of France, and in 1789 was held by the family of the dukes of Richelieu.

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★ Richard Stillwell, ed. ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites'', 1976: "Aginnum (Agen), Lot-et-Garonne, France"

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1. Mish, Frederick C., Editor in Chief. “Agenais.” ''Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary''. 9^th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1985. ISBN 0-87779-508-8, ISBN 0-87779-509-6 (indexed), and ISBN 0-87779-510-X (deluxe).