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Español99 NAMES OF GOD IN THE QUR'AN
(Redirected from 99 Names of God)
The '99 Names of God', also known as 'The 99 Attributes of God' ( ), are the names of God revealed in the Qur'an and Sunnah;[1] even though the names (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed ninety-nine in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Muslims believe that there are an elite group of names, or the Best names, which number 99.
In one Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to call God by all His names:
:"Allahumma inni ad`uka bi asma'ika al-husna kulliha"
:"اللهم اني ادعوك باسمائك الحسنى كلها"
:"O God, I invoke You with all of Your beautiful names."
:: (Narrated by Ibn Majah, book of Du`a; and by Imam Malik in his Muwatta', Kitab al-Shi`r)
Muhammad is also reported to have said in a famous Hadith:
:"Verily, there are ninety-nine names of God, one hundred minus one. He who enumerates them would get into Paradise."
:: (Sahih Muslim, Vol. 4, no. 1410)
Of note is that this hadith does not say that there are 'only' 99 names, but 99 names that are better than the others. This caused people to search them out in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and a list was compiled. Over time it became custom to recite the list in its entirety. While some Muslims believe that this list is mentioned by Muhammad himself, the specialist Muslim scholars argue strongly that the list was just compiled by a Muslim scholar as an addendum to the actual hadith, (Al Waleed ibn Muslim). If it was only an attempt of a scholar, they are not necessarily the names proper, and other attempts may still be made. A recent scholar, Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Razek, made an attempt [1] of this kind and explained in detail why he differs in opinion with Al Waleed about enlisting some of the names. However, reciting the traditional names has developed into a ritual by some Muslims (a bit like a Catholic litany of Saints) as an attempt to enumerate them, while most other Muslims believe that the "enumeration" is not just the act of recitation, but applying the attributes that the names suggest.
Some Muslims believe that what could be interpreted as the number 99 written in Hindu-Arabic numeral system is imprinted on human hands. If one looks at his or her palms, thumbs facing upward, the lines in the hands appear as "١٨ ٨١", which are the Hindu-Arabic numerals -commonly used in eastern Arab countries- of 81 and 18, which sum to 99. If you subtract the numbers 81 and 18 you are left with 63 which was the age of which Muhammad along with 3 of his four companions died.[2]
It should be noted however that this has no Islamic or Qu'ranic basis supporting it and, from an Islamic perspective, is irrelevant to the concept of the names of God discussed in the previous section. This is very likely a novelty of unknown origin that has developed in some Muslim cultures, especially those that use numeral system mentioned above. It also happens to work with a combination of Chinese and Western numerals, appearing as "八1 1八" - "81 18".
Below is a list of the 99 Names of God according to the tradition of Islam. It should be clearly noted that 'there is no fixed authentic list of 99 names' anywhere; this is only one version which includes many common names and attributes of God. Scholars agree on the majority of the names, however there are a handful that are disputed.
Another epithet found in the Qur'an is Dhul Fadl al Azim (ذو الفضل العظيم) "The Lord of Infinite Grace" (2.105, 3.74, 8.29, 57.21, 57.29, 62.4), but it is not part of the traditional list of the 99 names of God.
Some Muslims (mostly Sufis) teach that there are 99 names for God and that the 100th name is hidden. The idea has become a kind of mystery with little reference to what it means.[3]
Once again, the Hadith about the names of God says:
:"Verily, there are ninety-nine names of God, one hundred minus one. He who enumerates them would get into Paradise."
:: (Sahih Muslim, Vol. 4, no. 1410)
In Sufism, the idea of the 100th name is most prominent. It has become the elusive object of mystic devotion, the symbol of God's transcendent being.
Sufis often describe their discipline as the quest to know the one-hundredth name of God and thus to merge their consciousness with the divine reality. [3]
Other such Hadiths, which vary according to different Shi'a sects of Islam, suggest that the 100th Name will be revealed by the Mahdi.
The Bahá'í Faith has claimed to fulfill the prophecy of the Mahdi, and the 100th name was revealed as "Bahá’" (an Arabic word بهاء meaning "glory, splendor" etc.), and is the root word for Bahá'u'lláh and Bahá'í.[4] The Báb wrote a noted pentagram tablet with 360 derivatives of the word "Bahá'" used in it.4 While the Bahá'í Faith has roots in Islam and the monotheistic traditions, it is an independent religion, and its followers are not considered Muslims.
According to Islamic tradition, a Muslim may not be given any of the 99 names of God in the exact same form. For example, nobody may be named ''Al Malik'' (The King), but may be named ''Malik'' "King".
However the names/attributes of God can be combined with the word "''‘Abd -''" which means servant (of God) and are commonly used as personal names among Muslims. For example ''‘Abd ar-Rahman'' ("servant of(or slave to) the Most Compassionate/the Beneficent").
Some Muslim people have names resembling those 99 (but without the article "The" which is only used to denote God) as the names could mean attributes people can have. Examples include
★ Ali, such as Ali ibn Abi Talib.
★ Ra'ouf, such as Ra'ouf Mus'ad.
★ Salam, such as Salam Fayyad.
★ Names of God
★ Names of God in Judaism
★ Names of God in Hinduism
★ "The Nine Billion Names of God", a short story by Arthur C. Clarke.
1. Religious Studies for AQA; Thinking About God and Morality, , Marrianne, Fleming, Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0-435-30713-4
2. Miracles of Islam. "Amazing Marks on Your Hands". 2007. February 19, 2007. [2]
3. Mellis, J.K., Abu Sharif: ''Mystery of the 100th Name''
4. The Word Bahá': Quintessence of the Greatest Name, , Stephen, Lambden, Bahá'í Studies Review, 1993
★ THE 99 BEAUTIFUL NAMES OF ALLAH The names of Allah in Arabic with English meaning and benefit virtues of reciting each Ism.
★ The Most Beautiful Names of Allah The most beautiful names of Allah in Arabic with English transliteration and meaning.
★ Benefits of Reciting The Most Beautiful Names of Allah The benefits of reciting the most beautiful names of Allah.
★ 99 Names of ALLAH With meanings and benefits of recitation.
★ 99 Excellent Names of ALLAH with references to verses where the name appears in the Holy Qur'an.
★ Ninety-nine Names of God with references to verses where the name appears in the Qur'an.
★ The 99 Names and Attributes of Allah, numbered list of names and meanings.
★ The beautiful names of Allah 99 names written clearly in Arabic
★ 99 Names of God, oil paintings of all the 99 names.
★ 99 Names of Allah Almighty 99 names of almighty God 'Allah' with a brief description of each name.
★ Chanting the names in Arabic with music, Version two,Version three, a video.
★ A recent attempt by Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Razek to enumerate the names of Allah
★ [4]
The '99 Names of God', also known as 'The 99 Attributes of God' ( ), are the names of God revealed in the Qur'an and Sunnah;[1] even though the names (as adjectives, word constructs, or otherwise) exceed ninety-nine in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Muslims believe that there are an elite group of names, or the Best names, which number 99.
| Contents |
| Origin |
| Palm of the Hand |
| List of Names |
| 100th Name of God |
| Sufism |
| Mahdi |
| Bahá'í |
| Personal Names |
| See also |
| Notes |
| External links |
Origin
In one Islamic tradition, the Islamic prophet Muhammad used to call God by all His names:
:"Allahumma inni ad`uka bi asma'ika al-husna kulliha"
:"اللهم اني ادعوك باسمائك الحسنى كلها"
:"O God, I invoke You with all of Your beautiful names."
:: (Narrated by Ibn Majah, book of Du`a; and by Imam Malik in his Muwatta', Kitab al-Shi`r)
Muhammad is also reported to have said in a famous Hadith:
:"Verily, there are ninety-nine names of God, one hundred minus one. He who enumerates them would get into Paradise."
:: (Sahih Muslim, Vol. 4, no. 1410)
Of note is that this hadith does not say that there are 'only' 99 names, but 99 names that are better than the others. This caused people to search them out in the Qur'an and Sunnah, and a list was compiled. Over time it became custom to recite the list in its entirety. While some Muslims believe that this list is mentioned by Muhammad himself, the specialist Muslim scholars argue strongly that the list was just compiled by a Muslim scholar as an addendum to the actual hadith, (Al Waleed ibn Muslim). If it was only an attempt of a scholar, they are not necessarily the names proper, and other attempts may still be made. A recent scholar, Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Razek, made an attempt [1] of this kind and explained in detail why he differs in opinion with Al Waleed about enlisting some of the names. However, reciting the traditional names has developed into a ritual by some Muslims (a bit like a Catholic litany of Saints) as an attempt to enumerate them, while most other Muslims believe that the "enumeration" is not just the act of recitation, but applying the attributes that the names suggest.
Palm of the Hand
Some Muslims believe that what could be interpreted as the number 99 written in Hindu-Arabic numeral system is imprinted on human hands. If one looks at his or her palms, thumbs facing upward, the lines in the hands appear as "١٨ ٨١", which are the Hindu-Arabic numerals -commonly used in eastern Arab countries- of 81 and 18, which sum to 99. If you subtract the numbers 81 and 18 you are left with 63 which was the age of which Muhammad along with 3 of his four companions died.[2]
It should be noted however that this has no Islamic or Qu'ranic basis supporting it and, from an Islamic perspective, is irrelevant to the concept of the names of God discussed in the previous section. This is very likely a novelty of unknown origin that has developed in some Muslim cultures, especially those that use numeral system mentioned above. It also happens to work with a combination of Chinese and Western numerals, appearing as "八1 1八" - "81 18".
List of Names
Below is a list of the 99 Names of God according to the tradition of Islam. It should be clearly noted that 'there is no fixed authentic list of 99 names' anywhere; this is only one version which includes many common names and attributes of God. Scholars agree on the majority of the names, however there are a handful that are disputed.
| # | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ar-Rahman (الرحمن) | The All Beneficent |
| 2 | Ar-Rahim (الرحيم) | The Most Merciful |
| 3 | Al-Malik (الملك) | The King, The Sovereign |
| 4 | Al-Quddus (القدوس) | The Most Holy |
| 5 | As-Salaam (السلام) | The Peace and Blessing |
| 6 | Al-Mu'min (المؤمن) | The Guarantor |
| 7 | Al-Muhaymin (المهيمن) | The Guardian, The Preserver |
| 8 | Al-Aziz (العزيز) | The Almighty, The Self Sufficient |
| 9 | Al-Jabbar (الجبار) | The Powerful, The Irresistible |
| 10 | Al-Mutakabbir (المتكبر) | The Tremendous |
| 11 | Al-Khaliq (الخالق) | The Creator |
| 12 | Al-Bari' (البارئ) | The Rightfull |
| 13 | Al-Musawwir (المصور) | The Fashioner of Forms |
| 14 | Al-Ghaffar (الغفار) | The Ever Forgiving |
| 15 | Al-Qahhar (القهار) | The All Compelling Subduer |
| 16 | Al-Wahhab (الوهاب) | The Bestower |
| 17 | Ar-Razzaq (الرزاق) | The Ever Providing |
| 18 | Al-Fattah (الفتاح) | The Opener, The Victory Giver |
| 19 | Al-`Aleem (العليم) | The All Knowing, The Omniscient |
| 20 | Al-Qabid (القابض) | The Restrainer, The Straightener |
| 21 | Al-Basit (الباسط) | The Expander, The Munificent |
| 22 | Al-Khafid (الخافض) | The Abaser |
| 23 | Ar-Rafi'e (الرافع) | The Exalter |
| 24 | Al-Mu'ezz (المعز) | The Giver of Honour |
| 25 | Al-Mudhell (المذل) | The Giver of Dishonour |
| 26 | As-Sami'e (السميع) | The All Hearing |
| 27 | Al-Baseer (البصير) | The All Seeing |
| 28 | Al-Hakam (الحكم) | The Judge, The Arbitrator |
| 29 | Al-`Adl (العدل) | The Utterly Just |
| 30 | Al-Lateef (اللطيف) | The Subtly Kind |
| 31 | Al-Khabeer (الخبير) | The All Aware |
| 32 | Al-Halim (الحليم) | The Forbearing, The Indulgent |
| 33 | Al-Azeem (العظيم) | The Magnificent, The Infinite |
| 34 | Al-Ghafoor (الغفور) | The All Forgiving |
| 35 | Ash-Shakur (الشكور) | The Grateful |
| 36 | Al-Aliyy (العلي) | The Sublimely Exalted |
| 37 | Al-Kabeer (الكبير) | The Great |
| 38 | Al-Hafeez (الحفيظ) | The Preserver |
| 39 | Al-Muqeet (المقيت) | The Nourisher |
| 40 | Al-Hasib (الحسيب) | The Reckoner |
| 41 | Al-Jalil (الجليل) | The Majestic |
| 42 | Al-Kareem (الكريم) | The Bountiful, The Generous |
| 43 | Ar-Raqeeb (الرقيب) | The Watchful |
| 44 | Al-Mujeeb (المجيب) | The Responsive, The Answerer |
| 45 | Al-Wasse'e (الواسع) | The Vast, The All Encompassing |
| 46 | Al-Hakeem (الحكيم) | The Wise |
| 47 | Al-Wadood (الودود) | The Loving, The Kind One |
| 48 | Al-Majeed (المجيد) | The All Glorious |
| 49 | Al-Ba'ith (الباعث) | The Raiser of The Dead |
| 50 | Ash-Shaheed (الشهيد) | The Witness |
| 51 | Al-Haqq (الحق) | The Truth, The Real |
| 52 | Al-Wakeel (الوكيل) | The Trustee, The Dependable |
| 53 | Al-Qawaie (القوى) | The Strong |
| 54 | Al-Mateen (المتين) | The Firm, The Steadfast |
| 55 | Al-Walaie (الولى) | The Protecting Friend, Patron and Helper |
| 56 | Al-Hamid (الحميد) | The All Praiseworthy |
| 57 | Al-Muhsi (المحصى) | The Accounter, The Numberer of All |
| 58 | Al-Mubdi' (المبدئ) | The Producer, Originator, and Initiator of All |
| 59 | Al-Mu'eed (المعيد) | The Reinstater Who Brings Back All |
| 60 | Al-Muhyee (المحيى) | The Giver of Life |
| 61 | Al-Mumeet (المميت) | The Bringer of Death, The Destroyer |
| 62 | Al-Hei (الحي) | The Ever Living |
| 63 | Al-Qeiyoom (القيوم) | The Self Subsisting Sustainer of All |
| 64 | Al-Wajid (الواجد) | The Perceiver, The Finder, The Unfailing |
| 65 | Al-Majid (الماجد) | The Illustrious, The Magnificent |
| 66 | Al-Wahid (الواحد) | The One, The Unique, Manifestation of Unity |
| 67 | Al-Ahad (الاحد) | The One, the All Inclusive, The Indivisible |
| 68 | As-Samad (الصمد) | The Self Sufficient, The Impregnable, The Eternally Besought of All, The Everlasting |
| 69 | Al-Qadir (القادر) | The All Able |
| 70 | Al-Muqtadir (المقتدر) | The All Determiner, The Dominant |
| 71 | Al-Muqaddim (المقدم) | The Expediter, He Who Brings Forward |
| 72 | Al-Mu'akhir (المؤخر) | The Delayer, He Who Puts Far Away |
| 73 | Al-Awwal (الأول) | The First |
| 74 | Al-Akhir (الأخر) | The Last |
| 75 | Az-Zahir (الظاهر) | The Manifest, The All Victorious |
| 76 | Al-Batin (الباطن) | The Hidden, The All Encompassing |
| 77 | Al-Wali (الوالي) | The Patron |
| 78 | Al-Muta'ali (المتعالي) | The Self Exalted |
| 79 | Al-Barr (البر) | The Most Kind and Righteous |
| 80 | At-Tawwab (التواب) | The Ever Returning, Ever Relenting |
| 81 | Al-Muntaqim (المنتقم) | The Avenger |
| 82 | Al-'Afuww (العفو) | The Pardoner, The Effacer of Sins |
| 83 | Ar-Ra'oof (الرؤوف) | The Compassionate, The All Pitying |
| 84 | Malik-al-Mulk (مالك الملك) | The Owner of All Sovereignty |
| 85 | Dhu-al-Jalali wa-al-Ikram (ذو الجلال و الإكرام) | The Lord of Majesty and Generosity |
| 86 | Al-Muqsit (المقسط) | The Equitable, The Requiter |
| 87 | Al-Jami'e (الجامع) | The Gatherer, The Unifier |
| 88 | Al-Ghanaie (الغنى) | The All Rich, The Independent |
| 89 | Al-Mughni (المغنى) | The Enricher, The Emancipator |
| 90 | Al-Mani'e (المانع) | The Withholder, The Shielder, the Defender |
| 91 | Ad-Darr (الضار) | The Distressor, The Harmer (This attribute can only be found in hadith) |
| 92 | An-Nafi'e (النافع) | The Propitious, The Benefactor |
| 93 | An-Noor (النور) | The Light |
| 94 | Al-Hadi (الهادي) | The Guide |
| 95 | Al-Badi (البديع) | The Incomparable, The Originator |
| 96 | Al-Baqi (الباقي) | The Ever Enduring and Immutable |
| 97 | Al-Warith (الوارث) | The Heir, The Inheritor of All |
| 98 | Ar-Rasheed (الرشيد) | The Guide, Infallible Teacher and Knower |
| 99 | As-Saboor (الصبور) | The Patient, The Timeless. |
Another epithet found in the Qur'an is Dhul Fadl al Azim (ذو الفضل العظيم) "The Lord of Infinite Grace" (2.105, 3.74, 8.29, 57.21, 57.29, 62.4), but it is not part of the traditional list of the 99 names of God.
100th Name of God
Some Muslims (mostly Sufis) teach that there are 99 names for God and that the 100th name is hidden. The idea has become a kind of mystery with little reference to what it means.[3]
Once again, the Hadith about the names of God says:
:"Verily, there are ninety-nine names of God, one hundred minus one. He who enumerates them would get into Paradise."
:: (Sahih Muslim, Vol. 4, no. 1410)
Sufism
In Sufism, the idea of the 100th name is most prominent. It has become the elusive object of mystic devotion, the symbol of God's transcendent being.
Sufis often describe their discipline as the quest to know the one-hundredth name of God and thus to merge their consciousness with the divine reality. [3]
Mahdi
Other such Hadiths, which vary according to different Shi'a sects of Islam, suggest that the 100th Name will be revealed by the Mahdi.
Bahá'í
The Bahá'í Faith has claimed to fulfill the prophecy of the Mahdi, and the 100th name was revealed as "Bahá’" (an Arabic word بهاء meaning "glory, splendor" etc.), and is the root word for Bahá'u'lláh and Bahá'í.[4] The Báb wrote a noted pentagram tablet with 360 derivatives of the word "Bahá'" used in it.4 While the Bahá'í Faith has roots in Islam and the monotheistic traditions, it is an independent religion, and its followers are not considered Muslims.
Personal Names
According to Islamic tradition, a Muslim may not be given any of the 99 names of God in the exact same form. For example, nobody may be named ''Al Malik'' (The King), but may be named ''Malik'' "King".
However the names/attributes of God can be combined with the word "''‘Abd -''" which means servant (of God) and are commonly used as personal names among Muslims. For example ''‘Abd ar-Rahman'' ("servant of(or slave to) the Most Compassionate/the Beneficent").
Some Muslim people have names resembling those 99 (but without the article "The" which is only used to denote God) as the names could mean attributes people can have. Examples include
★ Ali, such as Ali ibn Abi Talib.
★ Ra'ouf, such as Ra'ouf Mus'ad.
★ Salam, such as Salam Fayyad.
See also
★ Names of God
★ Names of God in Judaism
★ Names of God in Hinduism
★ "The Nine Billion Names of God", a short story by Arthur C. Clarke.
Notes
1. Religious Studies for AQA; Thinking About God and Morality, , Marrianne, Fleming, Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2004, ISBN 0-435-30713-4
2. Miracles of Islam. "Amazing Marks on Your Hands". 2007. February 19, 2007. [2]
3. Mellis, J.K., Abu Sharif: ''Mystery of the 100th Name''
4. The Word Bahá': Quintessence of the Greatest Name, , Stephen, Lambden, Bahá'í Studies Review, 1993
External links
★ THE 99 BEAUTIFUL NAMES OF ALLAH The names of Allah in Arabic with English meaning and benefit virtues of reciting each Ism.
★ The Most Beautiful Names of Allah The most beautiful names of Allah in Arabic with English transliteration and meaning.
★ Benefits of Reciting The Most Beautiful Names of Allah The benefits of reciting the most beautiful names of Allah.
★ 99 Names of ALLAH With meanings and benefits of recitation.
★ 99 Excellent Names of ALLAH with references to verses where the name appears in the Holy Qur'an.
★ Ninety-nine Names of God with references to verses where the name appears in the Qur'an.
★ The 99 Names and Attributes of Allah, numbered list of names and meanings.
★ The beautiful names of Allah 99 names written clearly in Arabic
★ 99 Names of God, oil paintings of all the 99 names.
★ 99 Names of Allah Almighty 99 names of almighty God 'Allah' with a brief description of each name.
★ Chanting the names in Arabic with music, Version two,Version three, a video.
★ A recent attempt by Dr. Mahmoud Abdel-Razek to enumerate the names of Allah
★ [4]
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