JULY 4

(Redirected from 4 July)
:''For the United States holiday, the Fourth of July, see Independence Day (United States).''

Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Holidays and observances

Liturgical feasts

External links

Events

★ 836 - ''Pactum Sicardi'', peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples

★ 993 - Saint Ulrich of Augsburg canonized.

★ 1054 - A supernova is observed by the Chinese, the Arabs and possibly Amerindians near the star ζ Tauri. For several months it remains bright enough to be seen during the day. Its remnants form the Crab Nebula.

★ 1120 - Jordan II of Capua anointed as prince after his infant nephew's death

★ 1187 - The Crusades: Battle of Hattin - Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem.

★ 1253 - Battle of West-Capelle: John I of Avesnes defeats Guy of Dampierre.

★ 1359 - Francesco II Ordelaffi of Forlì surrenders to the Papal commander Gil de Albornoz.

★ 1636 - City of Providence, Rhode Island forms.

★ 1712 - 11 slaves are executed in New York for starting an uprising that killed 9 Caucasians

★ 1776 - American Independence Day . The United States Declaration of Independence by the Second Continental Congress declaring itself free of British rule. Signed in Philadelphia.

★ 1802 - At West Point, New York the United States Military Academy opens.

★ 1803 - The Louisiana Purchase is announced to the American people.

★ 1810 - The French occupy Amsterdam.

★ 1817 - At Rome, New York, United States, construction on the Erie Canal begins.

★ 1826 - Former American presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson die, fifty years to the day after the adoption of the United States Declaration of Independence.

★ 1827 - Slavery is abolished in New York State.

★ 1837 - Grand Junction Railway, world's first long-distance railway, opens between Birmingham and Liverpool.

★ 1838 - The Iowa Territory is organized.

★ 1840 - The Cunard Line's 700 ton wooden paddle steamer RMS ''Britannia'' departs from Liverpool bound for Halifax, Nova Scotia on the first transatlantic crossing with a scheduled end.

★ 1845 - Near Concord, Massachusetts, Henry David Thoreau embarks on a two-year experiment in simple living at Walden Pond (see ''Walden'').

★ 1855 - In Brooklyn, New York, the first edition of Walt Whitman's book of poems titled ''Leaves of Grass'' is published.

★ 1859 - Austro-Sardinian War: The Battle of Magenta.

★ 1862 - Lewis Carroll tells Alice Liddell a story that would grow into ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' and its sequels.

★ 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Vicksburg - Vicksburg, Mississippi surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant after 47 days of siege. 150 miles up the Mississippi River, a Confederate Army is repulsed at the Battle of Helena, Arkansas.

★ 1865 - ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' is published.

★ 1881 - In Alabama, the Tuskegee Institute opens.

★ 1886 - First scheduled Canadian transcontinental train arrives in Port Moody, British Columbia.

★ 1886: In the Western League, a game in Colorado between the Leadville Blues and the St. Joseph Reds was delayed 30 minutes, by a snow storm.

★ 1887 - Founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah joined Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.

★ 1892 - Western Samoa changes the International Date Line, so that year there were 367 days in this country, with two occurrences of Monday, July 4.

★ 1894 - The short-lived Republic of Hawaii is proclaimed by Sanford B. Dole.

★ 1910 - African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer Jim Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match sparking race riots across the United States.

★ 1918 - Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne.

★ 1918 - Bolsheviks kill Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date).

★ 1927 - First flight of the Lockheed Vega.

★ 1934 - Joe Louis wins his first professional boxing match.

★ 1934 - Leo Szilard patents the chain-reaction design for the atomic bomb.

★ 1939 - Lou Gehrig, recently diagnosed with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tells a crowd at Yankee Stadium that he considered himself "The luckiest man on the face of the earth" as he announces his retirement from major league baseball.

★ 1941 - Mass murder of Polish scientists and writers, committed by Nazi Germans in the captured Polish city of Lwów.

★ 1946 - After 381 years of near-continuous colonial rule, the Philippines is granted full independence by the United States.

★ 1947 - "Indian Independence Bill" is presented before British House of Commons, suggesting bifurcation of British India into two sovereign countries - India and Pakistan.

★ 1950 - First broadcast by Radio Free Europe.

★ 1954 - "The miracle of Bern", Germany wins the FIFA World Cup in Switzerland against Hungary.

★ 1954 - Dr. Sam Sheppard is a suspect in the murder of his wife Marilyn

★ 1959 - With the admission of Alaska as the 49th U.S. state earlier in the year, the 49-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

★ 1960 - Due to the post-Independence Day admission of Hawaiˈi as the 50th U.S. state on August 21, 1959, the 50-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania almost ten and a half months later (see Flag Act).

★ 1966 - President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Freedom of Information Act into United States law. The act goes into effect the next year.

★ 1968 Two teens are killed at Lake Herman Road in California. They were the first (known) victims of the Zodiac Killer.

★ 1970 - Popular syndicated radio show, "American Top 40", hosted by Casey Kasem, debuts.

★ 1976 - Israeli commandos raid Entebbe airport in Uganda, rescuing all of the passengers and crew of an Air France jetliner seized by Palestinian terrorists.

★ 1976 - The United States celebrates its bicentennial.

★ 1982 - Iranian diplomats kidnapping (1982):Four Iranian diplomats kidnapped by Lebanese militia in Lebanon.

★ 1987 - In France, former Gestapo chief Klaus Barbie (aka the "Butcher of Lyon") is convicted of crimes against humanity and is sentenced to life imprisonment.

★ 1992 - USS George Washington (CVN-73), a Nimitz Class aircraft carrier of the United States Navy is commissioned at Norfolk, Virginia.

★ 1997 - NASA's Pathfinder space probe lands on the surface of Mars.

★ 2004 - The cornerstone of the Freedom Tower is laid on the site of the World Trade Center in New York City. (This was largely a symbolic event; actual construction would not start for several weeks)

★ 2005 - The Deep Impact collider hits the comet Tempel 1.

★ 2006 - Space Shuttle program: STS-121 Mission - Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' launches at 18:37:55 UTC.

★ 2006 - North Korea tests four short-range missiles, one medium-range missile, and a long-range Taepodong-2. The long-range Taepodong-2 reportedly fails in mid-air over the Sea of Japan.

★ 2007 - During the 119th International Olympic Committee (IOC) Session in Guatemala City, Sochi, Russia, is chosen to host the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Births

★ 1330 - Ashikaga Yoshiakira, Japanese shogun (d. 1367)

★ 1546 - Murat III, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1595)

★ 1694 - Louis-Claude Daquin, French composer (d. 1772)

★ 1715 - Christian Fürchtegott Gellert, German poet (d. 1769)

★ 1719 - Michel-Jean Sedaine, French dramatist (d. 1797)

★ 1790 - George Everest, Welsh surveyor and namesake of Mt. Everest (d. 1866)

★ 1799 - King Oscar I of Sweden, French general (d. 1859)

★ 1804 - Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer (d. 1864)

★ 1807 - Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian patriot (d. 1882)

★ 1816 - Hiram Walker, American grocer and distiller (d. 1899)

★ 1826 - Stephen Foster, American songwriter (d. 1864)

★ 1845 - Thomas Barnardo, Irish humanitarian (d. 1905)

★ 1847 - James Anthony Bailey, American circus impresario (d. 1906)

★ 1854 - Victor Babeş, Romanian bacteriologist (d. 1926)

★ 1872 - Calvin Coolidge, 30th President of the United States (d. 1933)

★ 1881 - Ulysses S. Grant III, American soldier (d. 1968)

★ 1882 - Louis B. Mayer, American film producer (d. 1957)

★ 1883 - Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970)

★ 1895 - Irving Caesar, American lyricist and composer (d. 1996)

★ 1896 - Mao Dun, Chinese writer (d. 1981)

★ 1898 - Dr. Pilar Barbosa, Puerto Rican historian (d. 1997)

★ 1898 - Gertrude Lawrence, British-born actress (d. 1952)

★ 1902 - Meyer Lansky, Russian-born gangster (d. 1983)

★ 1902 - George Murphy, American entertainer (d. 1992)

★ 1903 - Flor Peeters, Belgian composer, organist and teacher (d. 1986)

★ 1904 - Angela Baddeley, English actress (d. 1976)

★ 1905 - Irving Johnson, American adventurer (d. 1991)

★ 1907 - Gordon Griffith, American director (d. 1958)

★ 1910 - Gloria Stuart, American actress

★ 1911 - Mitch Miller, American entertainer

★ 1912 - Viviane Romance, French actress (d. 1991)

★ 1916 - Iva Toguri D'Aquino, American thought to be Tokyo Rose in World War II (d. 2006)

★ 1917 - Manolete, Spanish bullfighter (d. 1947)

★ 1918 - Ann Landers, American advice columnist (d. 2002)

★ 1918 - Abigail Van Buren, American advice columnist ("Dear Abby")

★ 1918 - King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV of Tonga (d. 2006)

★ 1920 - Norm Drucker, American basketball referee

★ 1920 - Leona Helmsley, American hotel operator and real estate investor (d. 2007)

★ 1921 - Gerard Debreu, French economist, Nobel laureate (d. 2004)

★ 1921 - Tibor Varga, Hungarian violinist (d. 2003)

★ 1923 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor

★ 1924 - Eva Marie Saint, American actress

★ 1926 - Alfredo Di Stéfano, Argentine footballer

★ 1927 - Gina Lollobrigida, Italian actress

★ 1927 - Neil Simon, American playwright

★ 1929 - Bill Tuttle, American baseball player (d. 1998)

★ 1929 - Al Davis, American football team owner (Oakland Raiders)

★ 1929 - Chuck Tanner, baseball player

★ 1930 - George Steinbrenner, American businessman & baseball team owner (New York Yankees)

★ 1930 - Frunzik Mkrtchyan, Armenian actor

★ 1930 - Yuri Tyukalov, Soviet Olympic rower

★ 1931 - Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish actor (d. 1977)

★ 1931 - Sébastien Japrisot, French author, film director and sreenwriter (d. 2003)

★ 1934 - Colin Welland, British actor

★ 1935 - Paul Scoon, Governor General of Grenada

★ 1937 - Sonja Haraldsen, Queen of Norway (spouse of King Harald V of Norway)

★ 1938 - Bill Withers, American singer and songwriter

★ 1942 - Floyd Little, American football player

★ 1942 - Stefan Meller, Polish foreign minister

★ 1942 - Hal Lanier, baseball player

★ 1943 - Konrad "Conny" Bauer, German musician

★ 1943 - Geraldo Rivera, American reporter

★ 1943 - Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson, American musician (Canned Heat) (d. 1970)

★ 1943 - Emerson Boozer, American football player

★ 1944 - Ray Meagher, Australian actor

★ 1946 - Ron Kovic, American peace activist

★ 1946 - Ed O'Ross, American actor

★ 1946 - Michael Milken, American financier

★ 1946 - Tish Howard, American model

★ 1947 - Morganna Roberts, American personality (kissing bandit)

★ 1948 - Tommy Körberg, Swedish singer and actor

★ 1948 - Ed Armbrister, baseball player

★ 1948 - Jeremy Spencer, British musician

★ 1948 - René Arnoux, French race car driver

★ 1950 - David Jensen, British radio DJ

★ 1951 - Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, American politician

★ 1952 - Álvaro Uribe Vélez, Colombian politician

★ 1954 - Jim Beattie, American baseball player

★ 1955 - John Waite, British singer (The Babys)

★ 1958 - Kirk Pengilly, Australian musician (INXS)

★ 1959 - Victoria Abril, Spanish actress

★ 1960 - Sid Eudy, American professional wrestler

★ 1960 - Roland Ratzenberger, Austrian racing driver (d. 1994)

★ 1961 - Richard Garriott, English video game designer

★ 1962 - Neil Morrisey, English actor

★ 1962 - Pam Shriver, American former tennis player

★ 1963 - Henri Leconte, French former tennis player

★ 1963 - José Oquendo, Puerto Rican baseball player

★ 1963 - Matt Malley, American musician (Counting Crows)

★ 1964 - Mark Slaughter, American singer (Slaughter)

★ 1964 - Cle Kooiman, American Soccer Player

★ 1966 - Lee Reherman, American actor

★ 1967 - Vinny Castilla, Mexican baseball player

★ 1967 - Andy Walker, Canadian television personality

★ 1967 - Rick Wilkins, American baseball player

★ 1971 - Koko, signing gorilla

★ 1971 - Andrew Murray, English entrepreneur

★ 1971 - Andy Creeggan, Former Barenaked Lady

★ 1971 - Brendan Donnelly, American baseball player

★ 1973 - Michael Johnson, English-born Jamaican footballer

★ 1973 - Jan Magnussen, Danish racing driver

★ 1973 - Tony Popović, Australian soccer player

★ 1974 - La'Roi Glover, American football player

★ 1974 - Vince Spadea, American tennis player

★ 1975 - Tania Davis, Australian violist (bond)

★ 1976 - Daijiro Kato, Japanese motorcycle racer (d. 2003)

★ 1977 - Katia Zygouli, Greek super model, winner of Elite Model Look contest 1996

★ 1978 - Becki Newton, American actress

★ 1978 - Emile Mpenza, Belgian footballer

★ 1979 - J. R. VanHoose, American basketball player

★ 1983 - Isabeli Fontana, Brazilian model

★ 1983 - Ben Jorgensen, American musician

★ 1984 - Gina Glocksen, ''American Idol'' finalist

★ 1984 - Akanishi Jin, Japanese Idol (member of KAT-TUN)

★ 2003 - Alessia di Matteo, first survivor of eight transplants in one operation (d. 2005)

Deaths

★ 907 - Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria

★ 965 - Pope Benedict V

★ 973 - Ulrich of Augsburg, German bishop (b. 890)

★ 1187 - Raynald of Chatillon, Prince of Antioch

★ 1541 - Pedro de Alvarado, Spanish explorer (b. 1495)

★ 1546 - Hayreddin Barbarossa, Admiral of the Ottoman Navy (b. 1478)

★ 1603 - Philippe de Monte, Flemish composer (b. 1521)

★ 1623 - William Byrd, English composer

★ 1648 - Antoine Daniel, French Jesuit missionary, one of the Canadian Martyrs (b. 1601)

★ 1742 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (b. 1671)

★ 1754 - Philippe Néricault Destouches, French dramatist (b. 1680)

★ 1761 - Samuel Richardson, English writer (b. 1689)

★ 1780 - Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Austrian military leader (b. 1712)

★ 1787 - Charles de Rohan, prince de Soubise, Marshal of France (b. 1715)

★ 1821 - Richard Cosway, English artist (b. 1742)

★ 1826 - John Adams, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)

★ 1826 - Thomas Jefferson 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)

★ 1831 - James Monroe, 5th President of the United States (b. 1758)

★ 1848 - François-René de Chateaubriand, French writer (b. 1768)

★ 1850 - William Kirby, English entomologist (b. 1759)

★ 1854 - Karl Friedrich Eichhorn, German jurist (b. 1781)

★ 1857 - William L. Marcy, American statesman (b. 1786)

★ 1881 - Johan Vilhelm Snellman, Finnish statesman (b. 1806)

★ 1882 - Joseph Brackett, American composer (b. 1797)

★ 1891 - Hannibal Hamlin, U.S. Vice President (b. 1809)

★ 1901 - Johannes Schmidt, German linguist (b. 1843)

★ 1902 - Swami Vivekananda, Indian spiritual leader (b. 1863)

★ 1905 - Élisée Reclus, French anarchist (b. 1830)

★ 1910 - Melville Weston Fuller, 8th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1833)

★ 1910 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (b. 1835)

★ 1916 - Alan Seeger, American war poet (b. 1888)

★ 1922 - Lothar von Richthofen, German pilot (b. 1894)

★ 1926 - Pier Giorgio Frassati, Italian mountaineer (b. 1901)

★ 1931 - Buddie Petit, American jazz musician (b. 1895)

★ 1931 - Emanuele Filiberto, 2nd Duke of Aosta, Italian aristocrat (b. 1869)

★ 1934 - Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Physics (b. 1867)

★ 1938 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (b. 1881)

★ 1938 - Suzanne Lenglen, French tennis player (b. 1899)

★ 1941 - Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician (b. 1881)

★ 1946 - Gerda Steinhoff, Nazi concentration camp overseer (b. 1922)

★ 1948 - Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (b. 1882)

★ 1963 - Bernard Freyberg, Governor-General of New Zealand (b. 1889)

★ 1970 - Barnett Newman, American artist (b. 1905)

★ 1970 - Harold Stirling Vanderbilt, member of the Vanderbilt family (b. 1884)

★ 1971 - August Derleth, American writer and editor (b. 1909)

★ 1975 - Georgette Heyer, English author (b. 1902)

★ 1976 - Antoni Slonimski, Polish poet (b. 1895)

★ 1977 - Gersh Budker, Russian physicist (b. 1918)

★ 1980 - Maurice Grevisse, Belgian grammarian (b. 1895)

★ 1982 - Terry Higgins, early British AIDS death (b. 1945)

★ 1984 - Jimmie Spheeris, American singer-songwriter (b. 1949)

★ 1986 - Oscar Zariski, Russian mathematician (b. 1899)

★ 1986 - Flor Peeters, Belgian composer, organist, and teacher (b. 1903)

★ 1988 - Adrian Adonis, American artist (b. 1954)

★ 1991 - Victor Chang, Australian physician (b. 1936)

★ 1992 - Ástor Piazzolla, Argentinian composer (b. 1921)

★ 1993 - Bona Arsenault, French Canadian politician and historian (b. 1903)

★ 1994 - Joey Marella, American professional wrestling referee (b. 1964)

★ 1995 - Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (b. 1919)

★ 1995 - Bob Ross, American artist and television host (b. 1942)

★ 1997 - Charles Kuralt, American television presenter (b. 1934)

★ 1997 - John Zachary Young, English zoologist (b. 1907)

★ 1999 - Leo Garel, American artist and cartoonist (b.1917)

★ 2000 - Gustaw Herling-Grudzinski, Polish writer (b. 1919)

★ 2002 - Benjamin O. Davis Jr., American general (b. 1912)

★ 2002 - Mansoor Hekmat, Iranian politician (b. 1951)

★ 2003 - Barry White, American singer (b. 1944)

★ 2003 - André Claveau, French singer (b. 1915)

★ 2004 - Jean-Marie Auberson, Swiss conductor (b. 1920)

★ 2004 - Frank Robinson (Xylophone Man), an eccentric street entertainer in Nottingham, England (b. 1932)

★ 2005 - Hank Stram, American football coach (b. 1923)

★ 2007 - Barış Akarsu, Turkish rock musician (b. 1979)

★ 2007 - Bill Pinkney, American singer and performer (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

★ United States - Independence Day (1776)

★ Filipino-American Friendship Day

★ In astronomy, the approximate date of Earth's aphelion.

Liturgical feasts

★ Saint Flavian

★ Translation, Ordination of Saint Martin, bishop of Tours, confessor [Paris, Bruges, sometimes in red]

★ Saint Odo, bishop of Canterbury

★ Saint Procopius, abbot (at Prague), confessor [GTZ: Prague, Gnesen, Meissen]

★ Saint Ulric, bishop of Augsburg, confessor (died 973)

★ Saint Bertha, widow, abbess of Blangy in Artois

★ Saint Elizabeth Lusitania of Portugal (died 136)

External links

★ BBC: On This Day

★

★ On This Day in Canada
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