Discover

45TH UNITED STATES CONGRESS


The 'Forty-fifth United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1877 to March 3 1879, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President Rutherford B. Hayes.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. The Senate had a Republican majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

Contents
Dates of sessions
Party summary
Leadership
Major events
Major legislation
Members
Senate
House of Representatives
Delegates
Changes in membership
Officers
References
External links

Dates of sessions


March 4 1877 - March 3 1879

★ Special session of the Senate: March 5 1877March 17 1877

★ First session: October 15 1877December 3 1877

★ First session: December 3 1877 - June 20 1878

★ Second session: December 2 1878 - March 3 1879 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 44th Congress

Next congress: 46th Congress

Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
:'Senate'
Democratic ''(D)'': 35
Republican ''(R)'': 40 ''(majority)''
Independent ''(I)'': 1'TOTAL members: 76'
:'House of Representatives'
Democratic ''(D)'': 155 ''(majority)''
Republican ''(R)'': 136
Independent Democratic ''(ID)'': 2'TOTAL members: 293'

Leadership


President of the Senate
Vice President
William A. Wheeler

:'Senate'

Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):


William A. Wheeler, of New York

President pro tempore of the Senate:


Thomas W. Ferry, ''Republican'' of Michigan, first elected in this Congress March 5 1877.
:'House of Representatives'

Speaker of the House


Samuel J. Randall, ''Democratic'' of Pennsylvania, reelected October 15 1877.

Major events


:''Main article: Events of 1877; Events of 1878; Events of 1879''

March 4 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes became President of the United States

Major legislation


:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 45th Congress

Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 45th United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 45th United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1876''
Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1880; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1882; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
:''See also:
:''See also:
:'Alabama'
★ 3: George E. Spencer ''(R)''
★ 2: John T. Morgan ''(D)'' :'Arkansas'
★ 3: Stephen W. Dorsey ''(R)''
★ 2: Augustus H. Garland ''(D)'' :'California'
★ 3: Aaron A. Sargent ''(R)''
★ 1: Newton Booth ''(R'' :'Colorado'
★ 3: Jerome B. Chaffee ''(R)''
★ 2: Henry M. Teller ''(R)'' :'Connecticut'
★ 1: William W. Eaton ''(D)''
★ 3: William H. Barnum ''(D)'' :'Delaware'
★ 1: Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. ''(D)''
★ 2: Eli M. Saulsbury ''(D)'' :'Florida'
★ 3: Simon B. Conover ''(R)''
★ 1: Charles W. Jones ''(D)'' :'Georgia'
★ 3: John B. Gordon ''(D)''
★ 2: Benjamin H. Hill ''(D)'' :'Illinois'
★ 3: Richard J. Oglesby ''(R)''
★ 2: David Davis ''(I)'' :'Indiana'
★ 3: Oliver H. P. T. Morton ''(R)''
★ : Daniel W. Voorhees ''(D)''
★ 1: Joseph E. McDonald ''(D)'' :'Iowa'
★ 3: William B. Allison ''(R)''
★ 2: Samuel J. Kirkwood ''(R)'' :'Kansas'
★ 3: John J. Ingalls ''(R)''
★ 2: Preston B. Plumb ''(R)'' :'Kentucky'
★ 3: Thomas C. McCreery ''(D)''
★ 2: James B. Beck ''(D)''
:'Louisiana'
★ 2: William Pitt Kellogg ''(R)''
★ 3: James B. Eustis ''(D)'' :'Maine'
★ 1: Hannibal Hamlin ''(R)''
★ 2: James G. Blaine ''(R)'' :'Maryland'
★ 3: George R. Dennis ''(D)''
★ 1: William Pinkney Whyte ''(D)'' :'Massachusetts'
★ 1: Henry L. Dawes ''(R)''
★ 2: George F. Hoar ''(R)'' :'Michigan'
★ 2: Thomas W. Ferry ''(R)''
★ 1: Isaac P. Christiancy ''(R)''
★ : Zachariah Chandler ''(R)'' :'Minnesota'
★ 2: William Windom ''(R)''
★ 1: Samuel J. R. McMillan ''(R)'' :'Mississippi'
★ 1: Blanche K. Bruce ''(R)''
★ 2: Lucius Q. C. Lamar ''(D)'' :'Missouri'
★ 3: Lewis V. Bogy ''(D)''
★ : David H. Armstrong ''(D)''
★ : James Shields ''(D)''
★ 1: Francis M. Cockrell ''(D)'' :'Nebraska'
★ 1: Algernon S. Paddock ''(R)''
★ 2: Alvin Saunders ''(R)'' :'Nevada'
★ 3: John P. Jones ''(R)''
★ 1: William Sharon ''(R)'' :'New Hampshire'
★ 3: Bainbridge Wadleigh ''(R)''
★ 2: Edward H. Rollins ''(R)'' :'New Jersey'
★ 1: Theodore F. Randolph ''(D)''
★ 2: John R. McPherson ''(D)''
:'New York'
★ 3: Roscoe Conkling ''(R)''
★ 1: Francis Kernan ''(D)'' :'North Carolina'
★ 2: Matt W. Ransom ''(D)''
★ 3: Augustus S. Merrimon ''(D)'' :'Ohio'
★ 3: John Sherman ''(R)''
★ : T. Stanley Matthews ''(R)''
★ 1: Allen G. Thurman ''(D)'' :'Oregon'
★ 3: John H. Mitchell ''(R)''
★ 2: La Fayette Grover ''(D)'' :'Pennsylvania'
★ 3: Simon Cameron ''(R)''
★ : J. Donald Cameron ''(R)''
★ 1: William A. Wallace ''(D)'' :'Rhode Island'
★ 2: Henry B. Anthony ''(R)''
★ 1: Ambrose E. Burnside ''(R)'' :'South Carolina'
★ 3: John J. Patterson ''(R)''
★ 2: Matthew C. Butler ''(D)'' :'Tennessee'
★ 1: James E. Bailey ''(D)''
★ 2: Isham G. Harris ''(D)'' :'Texas'
★ 1: Samuel B. Maxey ''(D)''
★ 2: Richard Coke ''(D)'' :'Vermont'
★ 1: George F. Edmunds ''(R)''
★ 3: Justin S. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Virginia'
★ 2: John W. Johnston ''(D)''
★ 1: Robert E. Withers ''(D)'' :'West Virginia'
★ 2: Henry G. Davis ''(D)''
★ 1: Frank Hereford ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin'
★ 3: Timothy O. Howe ''(R)''
★ 1: Angus Cameron ''(R)''
President ''pro tempore''
Thomas W. Ferry

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
:'Alabama'
★ : James T. Jones ''(D)''
★ : Hilary A. Herbert ''(D)''
★ : Jeremiah N. Williams ''(D)''
★ : Charles M. Shelley ''(D)''
★ : Robert F. Ligon ''(D)''
★ : Goldsmith W. Hewitt ''(D)''
★ : William H. Forney ''(D)''
★ : William W. Garth ''(D)'' :'Arkansas'
★ : Lucien C. Gause ''(D)''
★ : William F. Slemons ''(D)''
★ : Jordan E. Cravens ''(ID)''
★ : Thomas M. Gunter ''(D)'' :'California'
★ : Horace Davis ''(R)''
★ : Horace F. Page ''(R)''
★ : John K. Luttrell ''(D)''
★ : Romualdo Pacheco ''(R)''
★ : Peter D. Wigginton ''(D)'' :'Colorado'
★ : James B. Belford ''(R)''
★ : Thomas M. Patterson ''(D)'' :'Connecticut'
★ : George M. Landers ''(D)''
★ : James Phelps ''(D)''
★ : John T. Wait ''(R)''
★ : Levi Warner ''(D)'' :'Delaware'
★ : James Williams ''(D)'' :'Florida'
★ : Robert H. M. Davidson ''(D)''
★ : Horatio Bisbee, Jr. ''(R)''
★ : Jesse J. Finley ''(D)'' :'Georgia'
★ : Julian Hartridge ''(D)''
★ : William B. Fleming ''(D)''
★ : William E. Smith ''(D)''
★ : Philip Cook ''(D)''
★ : Henry R. Harris ''(D)''
★ : Milton A. Candler ''(D)''
★ : James H. Blount ''(D)''
★ : William H. Felton ''(ID''
★ : Alexander H. Stephens ''(D)''
★ : Benjamin H. Hill ''(D)''
★ : Hiram P. Bell ''(D)'' :'Illinois'
★ : William Aldrich ''(R)''
★ : Carter H. Harrison ''(D)''
★ : Lorenzo Brentano ''(R)''
★ : William Lathrop ''(R)''
★ : Horatio C. Burchard ''(R)''
★ : Thomas J. Henderson ''(R)''
★ : Philip C. Hayes ''(R)''
★ : Greenbury L. Fort ''(R)''
★ : Thomas A. Boyd ''(R)''
★ : Benjamin F. Marsh ''(R)''
★ : Robert M. Knapp ''(D)''
★ : William M. Springer ''(D)''
★ : Thomas F. Tipton ''(R)''
★ : Joseph G. Cannon ''(R)''
★ : John R. Eden ''(D)''
★ : William A. J. Sparks ''(D)''
★ : William R. Morrison ''(D)''
★ : William Hartzell ''(D)''
★ : Richard W. Townshend ''(D)'' :'Indiana'
★ : Benoni S. Fuller ''(D)''
★ : Thomas R. Cobb ''(D)''
★ : George A. Bicknell ''(D)''
★ : Leonidas Sexton ''(R)''
★ : Thomas M. Browne ''(R)''
★ : Milton S. Robinson ''(R)''
★ : John Hanna ''(R)''
★ : Morton C. Hunter ''(R)''
★ : Michael D. White ''(R)''
★ : William H. Calkins ''(R)''
★ : James L. Evans ''(R)''
★ : Andrew H. Hamilton ''(D)''
★ : John H. Baker ''(R)'' :'Iowa'
★ : Joseph C. Stone ''(R)''
★ : Hiram Price ''(R)''
★ : Theodore W. Burdick ''(R)''
★ : Nathaniel C. Deering ''(R)''
★ : Rush Clark ''(R)''
★ : Ezekiel S. Sampson ''(R)''
★ : Henry J. B. Cummings ''(R)''
★ : William F. Sapp ''(R)''
★ : S. Addison Oliver ''(R)'' :'Kansas'
★ : William A. Phillips ''(R)''
★ : Dudley C. Haskell ''(R)''
★ : Thomas Ryan ''(R)'' :'Kentucky'
★ : Andrew R. Boone ''(D)''
★ : James A. McKenzie ''(D)''
★ : John William Caldwell ''(D)''
★ : J. Proctor Knott ''(D)''
★ : Albert S. Willis ''(D)''
★ : John G. Carlisle ''(D)''
★ : Joseph C. S. Blackburn ''(D)''
★ : Milton J. Durham ''(D)''
★ : Thomas Turner ''(D)''
★ : John B. Clarke ''(D)'' :'Louisiana'
★ : Randall L. Gibson ''(D)''
★ : E. John Ellis ''(D)''
★ : Chester B. Darrall ''(R)''
★ : Joseph H. Acklen ''(D)''
★ : Joseph B. Elam ''(D)''
★ : John E. Leonard ''(R)''
★ : John S. Young ''(D)''
★ : Edward W. Robertson ''(D)''
:'Maine'
★ : Thomas B. Reed ''(R)''
★ : William P. Frye ''(R)''
★ : Stephen D. Lindsey ''(R)''
★ : Llewellyn Powers ''(R)''
★ : Eugene Hale ''(R)'' :'Maryland'
★ : Daniel M. Henry ''(D)''
★ : Charles B. Roberts ''(D)''
★ : William Kimmel ''(D)''
★ : Thomas Swann ''(D)''
★ : Eli J. Henkle ''(D)''
★ : William Walsh ''(D)'' :'Massachusetts'
★ : William W. Crapo ''(R)''
★ : Benjamin W. Harris ''(R)''
★ : Walbridge A. Field ''(R)''
★ : Benjamin Dean ''(D)''
★ : Leopold Morse ''(D)''
★ : Nathaniel P. Banks ''(R)''
★ : George B. Loring ''(R)''
★ : Benjamin F. Butler ''(R)''
★ : William Claflin ''(R)''
★ : William W. Rice ''(R)''
★ : Amasa Norcross ''(R)''
★ : George D. Robinson ''(R)'' :'Michigan'
★ : Alpheus S. Williams ''(D)''
★ : Edwin Willits ''(R)''
★ : Jonas H. McGowan ''(R)''
★ : Edwin W. Keightley ''(R)''
★ : John W. Stone ''(R)''
★ : Mark S. Brewer ''(R)''
★ : Omar D. Conger ''(R)''
★ : Charles C. Ellsworth ''(R)''
★ : Jay A. Hubbell ''(R)'' :'Minnesota'
★ : Mark H. Dunnell ''(R)''
★ : Horace B. Strait ''(R)''
★ : Jacob H. Stewart ''(R)'' :'Mississippi'
★ : Henry L. Muldrow ''(D)''
★ : Vannoy H. Manning ''(D)''
★ : Hernando D. Money ''(D)''
★ : Otho R. Singleton ''(D)''
★ : Charles E. Hooker ''(D)''
★ : James R. Chalmers ''(D)'' :'Missouri'
★ : Anthony F. Ittner ''(R)''
★ : Nathan Cole ''(R)''
★ : Lyne S. Metcalfe ''(R)''
★ : Robert A. Hatcher ''(D)''
★ : Richard P. Bland ''(D)''
★ : Charles H. Morgan ''(D)''
★ : Thomas T. Crittenden ''(D)''
★ : Benjamin J. Franklin ''(D)''
★ : David Rea ''(D)''
★ : Henry M. Pollard ''(R)''
★ : John B. Clark, Jr. ''(D)''
★ : John M. Glover ''(D)''
★ : Aylett H. Buckner ''(D)'' :'Nebraska'
★ : Frank Welch ''(R)''
★ : Thomas J. Majors ''(R)'' :'Nevada'
★ : Thomas Wren ''(R)'' :'New Hampshire'
★ : Frank Jones ''(D)''
★ : James F. Briggs ''(R)''
★ : Henry W. Blair ''(R)'' :'New Jersey'
★ : Clement H. Sinnickson ''(R)''
★ : John H. Pugh ''(R)''
★ : Miles Ross ''(D)''
★ : Alvah A. Clark ''(D)''
★ : Augustus W. Cutler ''(D)''
★ : Thomas B. Peddie ''(R)''
★ : Augustus A. Hardenbergh ''(D)'' :'New York'
★ : James W. Covert ''(D)''
★ : William D. Veeder ''(D)''
★ : Simeon B. Chittenden ''(R)''
★ : Archibald M. Bliss ''(D)''
★ : Nicholas Muller ''(D)''
★ : Samuel S. Cox ''(D)''
★ : Anthony Eickhoff ''(D)''
★ : Anson G. McCook ''(R)''
★ : Fernando Wood ''(D)''
★ : Abram S. Hewitt ''(D)''
★ : Benjamin A. Willis ''(D)''
★ : Clarkson N. Potter ''(D)''
★ : John H. Ketcham ''(R)''
★ : George M. Beebe ''(D)''
★ : Stephen L. Mayham ''(D)''
★ : Terence J. Quinn ''(D)''
★ : John M. Bailey ''(R)''
★ : Martin I. Townsend ''(R)''
★ : Andrew Williams ''(R)''
★ : Amaziah B. James ''(R)''
★ : John H. Starin ''(R)''
★ : Solomon Bundy ''(R)''
★ : George A. Bagley ''(R)''
★ : William J. Bacon ''(R)''
★ : William H. Baker ''(R)''
★ : Frank Hiscock ''(R)''
★ : John H. Camp ''(R)''
★ : Elbridge G. Lapham ''(R)''
★ : Jeremiah W. Dwight ''(R)''
★ : John N. Hungerford ''(R)''
★ : E. Kirke Hart ''(D)''
★ : Charles B. Benedict ''(D)''
★ : Daniel N. Lockwood ''(D)''
★ : George W. Patterson ''(R)''
:'North Carolina'
★ : Jesse J. Yeates ''(D)''
★ : Curtis H. Brogden ''(R)''
★ : Alfred M. Waddell ''(D)''
★ : Joseph J. Davis ''(D)''
★ : Alfred M. Scales ''(D)''
★ : Walter L. Steele ''(D)''
★ : William M. Robbins ''(D)''
★ : Robert B. Vance ''(D)'' :'Ohio'
★ : Milton Sayler ''(D)''
★ : Henry B. Banning ''(D)''
★ : Mills Gardner ''(R)''
★ : John A. McMahon ''(D)''
★ : Americus V. Rice ''(D)''
★ : Jacob D. Cox ''(R)''
★ : Henry L. Dickey ''(D)''
★ : J. Warren Keifer ''(R)''
★ : John S. Jones ''(R)''
★ : Charles Foster ''(R)''
★ : Henry S. Neal ''(R)''
★ : Thomas Ewing, Jr. ''(D)''
★ : Milton I. Southard ''(D)''
★ : Ebenezer B. Finley ''(D)''
★ : Nelson H. Van Vorhees ''(R)''
★ : Lorenzo Danford ''(R)''
★ : William McKinley, Jr. ''(R)''
★ : James Monroe ''(R)''
★ : James A. Garfield ''(R)''
★ : Amos Townsend ''(R)'' :'Oregon'
★ : Richard Williams ''(R)'' :'Pennsylvania'
★ : Chapman Freeman ''(R)''
★ : Charles O'Neill ''(R)''
★ : Samuel J. Randall ''(D)''
★ : William D. Kelley ''(R)''
★ : Alfred C. Harmer ''(R)''
★ : William Ward ''(R)''
★ : I. Newton Evans ''(R)''
★ : Hiester Clymer ''(D)''
★ : A. Herr Smith ''(R)''
★ : Samuel A. Bridges ''(D)''
★ : Francis D. Collins ''(D)''
★ : Hendrick B. Wright ''(D)''
★ : James B. Reilly ''(D)''
★ : John W. Killinger ''(R)''
★ : Edward Overton, Jr. ''(R)''
★ : John I. Mitchell ''(R)''
★ : Jacob M. Campbell ''(R)''
★ : William S. Stenger ''(D)''
★ : Levi Maish ''(D)''
★ : Levi A. Mackey ''(D)''
★ : Jacob Turney ''(D)''
★ : Russell Errett ''(R)''
★ : Thomas M. Bayne ''(R)''
★ : William S. Shallenberger ''(R)''
★ : Harry White ''(R)''
★ : John M. Thompson ''(R)''
★ : Lewis F. Watson ''(R)'' :'Rhode Island'
★ : Benjamin T. Eames ''(R)''
★ : Latimer W. Ballou ''(R)'' :'South Carolina'
★ : Joseph H. Rainey ''(R)''
★ : Richard H. Cain ''(R)''
★ : D. Wyatt Aiken ''(D)''
★ : John H. Evins ''(D)''
★ : Robert Smalls ''(R)'' :'Tennessee'
★ : James H. Randolph ''(R)''
★ : Jacob M. Thornburgh ''(R)''
★ : George G. Dibrell ''(D)''
★ : Haywood Y. Riddle ''(D)''
★ : John M. Bright ''(D)''
★ : John F. House ''(D)''
★ : Washington C. Whitthorne ''(D)''
★ : John D. C. Atkins ''(D)''
★ : William P. Caldwell ''(D)''
★ : H. Casey Young ''(D)'' :'Texas'
★ : John H. Reagan ''(D)''
★ : David B. Culberson ''(D)''
★ : James W. Throckmorton ''(D)''
★ : Roger Q. Mills ''(D)''
★ : De Witt C. Giddings ''(D)''
★ : Gustave Schleicher ''(D)'' :'Vermont'
★ : Charles H. Joyce ''(R)''
★ : Dudley C. Denison ''(R)''
★ : George W. Hendee ''(R)'' :'Virginia'
★ : Beverly B. Douglas ''(D)''
★ : Richard Lee T. Beale ''(D)''
★ : John Goode, Jr. ''(D)''
★ : Gilbert C. Walker ''(D)''
★ : Joseph Jorgensen ''(R)''
★ : George C. Cabell ''(D)''
★ : John R. Tucker ''(D)''
★ : John T. Harris ''(D)''
★ : Eppa Hutton, II ''(D)''
★ : Auburn L. Pridemore ''(D)'' :'West Virginia'
★ : Benjamin Wilson ''(D)''
★ : Benjamin F. Martin ''(D)''
★ : John E. Kenna ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin'
★ : Charles G. Williams ''(R)''
★ : Lucien B. Caswell ''(R)''
★ : George C. Hazelton ''(R)''
★ : William P. Lynde ''(D)''
★ : Edward S. Bragg ''(D)''
★ : Gabriel Bouck ''(D)''
★ : Herman L. Humphrey ''(R)''
★ : Thaddeus C. Pound ''(R)''
Speaker of the House
Samuel J. Randall
Delegates
:'Arizona Territory'
★ : Hiram S. Stevens ''(D)'' :'Dakota Territory'
★ : Jefferson P. Kidder ''(R)'' :'Idaho Territory'
★ : Stephen S. Fenn ''(D)'' :'Montana Territory'
★ : Martin Maginnis ''(D)'' :'New Mexico Territory'
★ : Trinidad Romero ''(R)'' :'Utah Territory'
★ : George Q. Cannon ''(R)'' :'Washington Territory'
★ : Orange Jacobs ''(R)'' :'Wyoming Territory'
★ : William W. Corlett ''(R)''

Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
:'Senate'
★ replacements: 5

Democratic: 1 seat net gain

Republican: 1 seat net loss
★ deaths: 2
★ resignations: 2
★ interim appointments: 1
★ contested elections: 2
★ 'Total seats with changes: 6'
:'House of Representatives'
★ replacements: 6

Democratic: no net change

Republican: no net change
★ deaths: 7
★ resignations: 1
★ contested election: 5
★ 'Total seats with changes: 13'

Officers


:'Senate'
Secretary of the Senate:

George C. Gorham of Massachusetts elected June 4 1868
Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:

John R. French of New Hampshire, elected March 22 1869
Chaplain of the Senate

The Rev. Byron Sunderland, ''Presbyterian'', elected December 8 1873:'Other'
Architect of the Capitol:

Edward Clark, appointed August 30 1865
:'House of Representatives'
Clerk of the House:

George M. Adams of Kentucky, elected October 15 1877
Sergeant at Arms of the House:

John G. Thompson of Ohio, elected October 15 1877
Doorkeeper of the House:

John W. Polk of Missouri, elected October 15 1877
Postmaster of the House:

James M. Steuart of Virginia, elected October 15 1877
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table:

William H. Scudder

J. Randolph Tucker, Jr.
Chaplain of the House

The Rev. John Poise, ''Methodist'', elected October 15 1877

The Rev. W. P. Harrison, ''Methodist'', elected December 3 1877

References



The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,

The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,

External links



Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

U.S. House of Representatives: House History

U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists



This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.

psst.. try this: add to faves