Discover

43RD UNITED STATES CONGRESS

(Redirected from 43rd Congress)

The 'Forty-third United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1873 to March 3 1875, during the first two years of the second administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Ninth Census of the United States in 1870. Both chambers had a Republican majority.

Contents
Dates of sessions
Party summary
Leadership
Major events
Major legislation
Members
Senate
House of Representatives
Delegates
Changes in membership
Officers
Notes
References
External links

Dates of sessions


March 4 1873 - March 3 1875

★ Special session of the Senate: March 4 1873March 26 1873

★ First session: December 1 1873 - June 23 1874

★ Second session: December 7 1874 - March 3 1875 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 42nd Congress

Next congress: 44th Congress

Party summary


The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
:'Senate'
Democratic ''(D)'': 19
Republican ''(R)'': 47 ''(majority)''
Liberal Republican ''(LR)'': 7
★ vacant: 1'TOTAL members: 74'
:'House of Representatives'
Democratic ''(D)'': 88
Republican ''(R)'': 199 ''(majority)''
Independent Democratic ''(ID)'': 1
Liberal Republican ''(LR)'':: 4'TOTAL members: 292'

Leadership


President of the Senate
Vice President
Henry Wilson

:'Senate'

Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):


Henry Wilson, of Massachusetts

President pro tempore of the Senate:


Matthew H. Carpenter, ''Republican'' of Wisconsin, first elected March 12, 1873.


Henry B. Anthony, ''Republican'' of Rhode Island, first elected in this Congress January 25 1875.
:'House of Representatives'

Speaker of the House


James G. Blaine, ''Republican'' of Maine, reelected December 1 1873.

Major events


:''Main article: Events of 1873; Events of 1874; Events of 1875''

Major legislation


:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 43rd Congress

Members


This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 43rd United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 43rd United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1872''
Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1878.
:''See also:
:''See also:
:'Alabama'
★ 3: George E. Spencer ''(R)''
★ 2: George Goldthwaite ''(D)'' :'Arkansas'
★ 2: Powell Clayton ''(R)''
★ 3: Stephen W. Dorsey ''(R)'' :'California'
★ 1: Eugene Casserly ''(D)''
★ : John S. Hager ''(D)''
★ 3: Aaron A. Sargent ''(R)'' :'Connecticut'
★ 3: Orris S. Ferry ''(LR)''
★ 1: William A. Buckingham ''(R)''
★ : William W. Eaton ''(D)'' :'Delaware'
★ 1: Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. ''(D)''
★ 2: Eli M. Saulsbury ''(D)'' :'Florida'
★ 1: Abijah Gilbert ''(R)''
★ 3: Simon B. Conover ''(R)'' :'Georgia'
★ 2: Thomas M. Norwood ''(D)''
★ 3: John B. Gordon ''(D)'' :'Illinois'
★ 2: John A. Logan ''(R)''
★ 3: Richard J. Oglesby ''(R)'' :'Indiana'
★ 3: Oliver H. P. T. Morton ''(R)''
★ 1: Daniel D. Pratt ''(R)'' :'Iowa'
★ 2: George G. Wright ''(R)''
★ 3: William B. Allison ''(R)'' :'Kansas'
★ 2: Alexander Caldwell ''(R)''
★ : Robert Crozier ''(R)''
★ : James M. Harvey ''(R)''
★ 3: John J. Ingalls ''(R)'' :'Kentucky'
★ 2: John W. Stevenson ''(D)''
★ 3: Thomas C. McCreery ''(D)''
:'Louisiana'
★ 2: J. Rodman West ''(R)''
★ 3: vacant :'Maine'
★ 1: Hannibal Hamlin ''(R)''
★ 2: Lot M. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Maryland'
★ 1: William T. Hamilton ''(D)''
★ 3: George R. Dennis ''(D)'' :'Massachusetts'
★ 1: Charles Sumner ''(LR)''
★ : William B. Washburn ''(R)''
★ 2: George S. Boutwell ''(R)'' :'Michigan'
★ 1: Zachariah Chandler ''(R)''
★ 2: Thomas W. Ferry ''(R)'' :'Minnesota'
★ 1: Alexander Ramsey ''(R)''
★ 2: William Windom ''(R)'' :'Mississippi'
★ 1: Adelbert Ames ''(R)''
★ : Henry R. Pease ''(R)''
★ 2: James L. Alcorn ''(R)'' :'Missouri'
★ 1: Carl Schurz ''(R)''
★ 3: Lewis V. Bogy ''(D)'' :'Nebraska'
★ 1: Thomas W. Tipton ''(R)''
★ 2: Phineas W. Hitchcock ''(R)'' :'Nevada'
★ 1: William M. Stewart ''(R)''
★ 3: John P. Jones ''(R)'' :'New Hampshire'
★ 2: Aaron H. Cragin ''(R)''
★ 3: Bainbridge Wadleigh ''(R)'' :'New Jersey'
★ 1: John P. Stockton ''(D)''
★ 2: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen ''(R)''
:'New York'
★ 3: Roscoe Conkling ''(R)''
★ 1: Reuben E. Fenton ''(R)'' :'North Carolina'
★ 2: Matt W. Ransom ''(D)''
★ 3: Augustus S. Merrimon ''(D)'' :'Ohio'
★ 3: John Sherman ''(R)''
★ 1: Allen G. Thurman ''(D)'' :'Oregon'
★ 2: James K. Kelly ''(D)''
★ 3: John H. Mitchell ''(R)'' :'Pennsylvania'
★ 3: Simon Cameron ''(R)''
★ 1: John Scott ''(R)'' :'Rhode Island'
★ 2: Henry B. Anthony ''(R)''
★ 1: William Sprague ''(R)'' :'South Carolina'
★ 2: Thomas J. Robertson ''(R)''
★ 3: John J. Patterson ''(R)'' :'Tennessee'
★ 1: William G. Brownlow ''(R)''
★ 2: Henry Cooper ''(D)'' :'Texas'
★ 1: James W. Flanagan ''(R)''
★ 2: Morgan C. Hamilton ''(LR)'' :'Vermont'
★ 1: George F. Edmunds ''(R)''
★ 3: Justin S. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Virginia'
★ 2: John W. Johnston ''(D)''
★ 1: John F. Lewis ''(R)'' :'West Virginia'
★ 1: Arthur I. Boreman ''(R)''
★ 2: Henry G. Davis ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin'
★ 3: Timothy O. Howe ''(R)''
★ 1: Matthew H. Carpenter ''(R)''
President ''pro tempore''
Matthew H. Carpenter
President ''pro tempore''
Henry B. Anthony

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
:'Alabama'
★ : Frederick G. Bromberg ''(LR)''
★ : James T. Rapier ''(R)''
★ : Charles Pelham ''(R)''
★ : Charles Hays ''(R)''
★ : John H. Caldwell ''(D)''
★ : Joseph H. Sloss ''(D)''
★ : Charles C. Sheats ''(R)''
★ : Alexander White ''(R)'' :'Arkansas'
★ : Asa Hodges ''(R)''
★ : Oliver P. Snyder ''(R)''
★ : William W. Wilshire ''(R)''
★ : Thomas M. Gunter ''(D)''
★ : William J. Hynes ''(LR)'' :'California'
★ : Charles Clayton ''(R)''
★ : Horace F. Page ''(R)''
★ : John K. Luttrell ''(D)''
★ : Sherman O. Houghton ''(R)'' :'Connecticut'
★ : Joseph R. Hawley ''(R)''
★ : Stephen W. Kellogg ''(R)''
★ : Henry H. Starkweather ''(R)''
★ : William H. Barnum ''(D)'' :'Delaware'
★ : James R. Lofland ''(R)'' :'Florida' [1]
★ : Josiah T. Walls ''(R)''
★ : William J. Purman ''(R)'' :'Georgia'
★ : Morgan Rawls ''(D)''
★ : Andrew Sloan ''(R)''
★ : Richard H. Whiteley ''(R)''
★ : Philip Cook ''(D)''
★ : Henry R. Harris ''(D)''
★ : James C. Freeman ''(R)''
★ : James H. Blount ''(D)''
★ : Pierce M. B. Young ''(D)''
★ : Alexander H. Stephens ''(D)''
★ : Hiram P. Bell ''(D)'' :'Illinois'
★ : John B. Rice ''(R)''
★ : Bernard G. Caulfield ''(D)''
★ : Jasper D. Ward ''(R)''
★ : Charles B. Farwell ''(R)''
★ : Stephen A. Hurlbut ''(R)''
★ : Horatio C. Burchard ''(R)''
★ : John B. Hawley ''(R)''
★ : Franklin Corwin ''(R)''
★ : Greenbury L. Fort ''(R)''
★ : Granville Barrere ''(R)''
★ : William H. Ray ''(R)''
★ : Robert M. Knapp ''(D)''
★ : James C. Robinson ''(D)''
★ : John McNulta ''(R)''
★ : Joseph G. Cannon ''(R)''
★ : John R. Eden ''(D)''
★ : James S. Martin ''(R)''
★ : William R. Morrison ''(D)''
★ : Isaac Clements ''(R)''
★ : Samuel S. Marshall ''(D)'' :'Indiana'
★ : William E. Niblack ''(D)''
★ : Simeon K. Wolfe ''(D)''
★ : William S. Holman ''(D)''
★ : Jeremiah M. Wilson ''(R)''
★ : John Coburn ''(R)''
★ : Morton C. Hunter ''(R)''
★ : Thomas J. Cason ''(R)''
★ : James N. Tyner ''(R)''
★ : John P. C. Shanks ''(R)''
★ : Henry B. Sayler ''(R)''
★ : Jasper Packard ''(R)''
★ : Godlove S. Orth ''(R)''
★ : William Williams ''(R)'' :'Iowa'
★ : George W. McCrary ''(R)''
★ : Aylett R. Cotton ''(R)''
★ : William G. Donnan ''(R)''
★ : Henry O. Pratt ''(R)''
★ : James Wilson ''(R)''
★ : William Loughridge ''(R)''
★ : John A. Kasson ''(R)''
★ : James W. McDill ''(R)''
★ : Jackson Orr ''(R)'' :'Kansas' [2]
★ : Stephen A. Cobb ''(R)''
★ : David P. Lowe ''(R)''
★ : William A. Phillips ''(R)'' :'Kentucky'
★ : Edward Crossland ''(D)''
★ : John Y. Brown ''(D)''
★ : Charles W. Milliken ''(D)''
★ : William B. Read ''(D)''
★ : Elisha D. Standiford ''(D)''
★ : William E. Arthur ''(D)''
★ : James B. Beck ''(D)''
★ : Milton J. Durham ''(D)''
★ : George M. Adams ''(D)''
★ : John D. Young ''(D)'' :'Louisiana'
★ : J. Hale Sypher ''(R)''
★ : Effingham Lawrence ''(D)''
★ : Lionel A. Sheldon ''(R)''
★ : Chester B. Darrall ''(R)''
★ : George L. Smith ''(R)''
★ : Frank Morey ''(R)''
★ : George A. Sheridan ''(LR)'' :'Maine'
★ : John H. Burleigh ''(R)''
★ : William P. Frye ''(R)''
★ : James G. Blaine ''(R)''
★ : Samuel F. Hersey ''(R)''
★ : Eugene Hale ''(R)''
:'Maryland'
★ : Ephraim K. Wilson ''(D)''
★ : Stevenson Archer ''(D)''
★ : William J. O'Brien ''(D)''
★ : Thomas Swann ''(D)''
★ : William J. Albert ''(R)''
★ : Lloyd Lowndes, Jr. ''(R)'' :'Massachusetts'
★ : James Buffinton ''(R)''
★ : Benjamin W. Harris ''(R)''
★ : William Whiting ''(R)''
★ : Henry L. Pierce ''(R)''
★ : Samuel Hooper ''(R)''
★ : Daniel W. Gooch ''(R)''
★ : Benjamin F. Butler ''(R)''
★ : Ebenezer R. Hoar ''(R)''
★ : John M. S. Williams ''(R)''
★ : George F. Hoar ''(R)''
★ : Alvah Crocker ''(R)''
★ : Charles A. Stevens ''(R)''
★ : Henry L. Dawes ''(R)'' :'Michigan'
★ : Moses W. Field ''(R)''
★ : Henry Waldron ''(R)''
★ : George Willard ''(R)''
★ : Julius C. Burrows ''(R)''
★ : Wilder D. Foster ''(R)''
★ : William B. Williams ''(R)''
★ : Josiah W. Begole ''(R)''
★ : Omar D. Conger ''(R)''
★ : Nathan B. Bradley ''(R)''
★ : Jay A. Hubbell ''(R)'' :'Minnesota'
★ : Mark H. Dunnell ''(R)''
★ : Horace B. Strait ''(R)''
★ : John T. Averill ''(R)'' :'Mississippi'
★ : Lucius Q. C. Lamar ''(D)''
★ : Albert R. Howe ''(R)''
★ : Henry W. Barry ''(R)''
★ : Jason Niles ''(R)''
★ : George C. McKee ''(R)''
★ : John R. Lynch ''(R)'' :'Missouri'
★ : Edwin O. Stanard ''(R)''
★ : Erastus Wells ''(D)''
★ : William H. Stone ''(D)''
★ : Robert A. Hatcher ''(D)''
★ : Richard P. Bland ''(D)''
★ : Harrison E. Havens ''(R)''
★ : Thomas T. Crittenden ''(D)''
★ : Abram Comingo ''(D)''
★ : Isaac C. Parker ''(R)''
★ : Ira B. Hyde ''(R)''
★ : John B. Clark, Jr. ''(D)''
★ : John M. Glover ''(D)''
★ : Aylett H. Buckner ''(D)'' :'Nebraska'
★ : Lorenzo Crounse ''(R)'' :'Nevada'
★ : Charles W. Kendall ''(D)'' :'New Hampshire'
★ : William B. Small ''(R)''
★ : Austin F. Pike ''(R)''
★ : Hosea W. Parker ''(D)'' :'New Jersey'
★ : John W. Hazelton ''(R)''
★ : Samuel A. Dobbins ''(R)''
★ : Amos Clark, Jr. ''(R)''
★ : Robert Hamilton ''(D)''
★ : William W. Phelps ''(R)''
★ : Marcus L. Ward ''(R)''
★ : Isaac W. Scudder ''(R)'' :'New York'
★ : Henry J. Scudder ''(R)''
★ : John G. Schumaker ''(D)''
★ : Stewart L. Woodford ''(R)''
★ : Simeon B. Chittenden ''(IR)''
★ : Philip S. Crooke ''(R)''
★ : William R. Roberts ''(D)''
★ : James Brooks ''(D)''
★ : Samuel S. Cox ''(D)''
★ : Thomas J. Creamer ''(D)''
★ : John D. Lawson ''(R)''
★ : David B. Mellish ''(R)''
★ : Richard Schell ''(D)''
★ : Fernando Wood ''(D)''
★ : Clarkson N. Potter ''(D)''
★ : Charles St. John ''(R)''
★ : John O. Whitehouse ''(D)''
★ : David M. De Witt ''(D)''
★ : Eli Perry ''(D)''
★ : James S. Smart ''(R)''
★ : Robert S. Hale ''(R)''
★ : William A. Wheeler ''(R)''
★ : Henry H. Hathorn ''(R)''
★ : David Wilber ''(R)''
★ : Clinton L. Merriam ''(R)''
★ : Ellis H. Roberts ''(R)''
★ : William E. Lansing ''(R)''
★ : R. Holland Duell ''(R)''
★ : Clinton D. MacDougall ''(R)''
★ : William H. Lamport ''(R)''
★ : Thomas C. Platt ''(R)''
★ : H. Boardman Smith ''(R)''
★ : Freeman Clarke ''(R)''
★ : George G. Hoskins ''(R)''
★ : Lyman K. Bass ''(R)''
★ : Walter L. Sessions ''(R)''
★ : Lyman Tremain ''(R)'' :'North Carolina'
★ : Clinton L. Cobb ''(R)''
★ : Charles R. Thomas ''(R)''
★ : Alfred M. Waddell ''(D)''
★ : William A. Smith ''(R)''
★ : James M. Leach ''(D)''
★ : Thomas S. Ashe ''(D)''
★ : William M. Robbins ''(D)''
★ : Robert B. Vance ''(D)''
:'Ohio'
★ : Milton Sayler ''(D)''
★ : Henry B. Banning ''(D)''
★ : John Q. Smith ''(R)''
★ : Lewis B. Gunckel ''(R)''
★ : Charles N. Lamison ''(D)''
★ : Isaac R. Sherwood ''(R)''
★ : Lawrence T. Neal ''(D)''
★ : William Lawrence ''(R)''
★ : James W. Robinson ''(R)''
★ : Charles Foster ''(R)''
★ : Hezekiah S. Bundy ''(R)''
★ : Hugh J. Jewett ''(D)''
★ : William E. Finck ''(D)''
★ : Milton I. Southard ''(D)''
★ : John Berry ''(D)''
★ : William P. Sprague ''(R)''
★ : Lorenzo Danford ''(R)''
★ : Laurin D. Woodworth ''(R)''
★ : James Monroe ''(R)''
★ : James A. Garfield ''(R)''
★ : Richard C. Parsons ''(R)'' :'Oregon'
★ : Joseph G. Wilson ''(R)''
★ : James W. Nesmith ''(D)'' :'Pennsylvania'
★ : Samuel J. Randall ''(D)''
★ : Charles O'Neill ''(R)''
★ : Leonard Myers ''(R)''
★ : William D. Kelley ''(R)''
★ : Alfred C. Harmer ''(R)''
★ : James S. Biery ''(R)''
★ : Washington Townsend ''(R)''
★ : Hiester Clymer ''(D)''
★ : A. Herr Smith ''(R)''
★ : John W. Killinger ''(R)''
★ : John B. Storm ''(D)''
★ : Lazarus D. Shoemaker ''(R)''
★ : James D. Strawbridge ''(R)''
★ : John B. Packer ''(R)''
★ : John A. Magee ''(D)''
★ : John Cessna ''(R)''
★ : R. Milton Speer ''(D)''
★ : Sobieski Ross ''(R)''
★ : Carlton B. Curtis ''(R)''
★ : Hiram L. Richmond ''(R)''
★ : Alexander W. Taylor ''(R)''
★ : James S. Negley ''(R)''
★ : Ebenezer McJunkin ''(R)''
★ : John M. Thompson ''(R)''
★ : William S. Moore ''(R)''
★ : Charles Albright ''(R)''
★ : Glenni W. Scofield ''(R)''
★ : Lemuel Todd ''(R)'' :'Rhode Island'
★ : Benjamin T. Eames ''(R)''
★ : James M. Pendleton ''(R)'' :'South Carolina'
★ : Joseph H. Rainey ''(R)''
★ : Alonzo J. Ransier ''(R)''
★ : Robert B. Elliott ''(R)''
★ : Lewis C. Carpenter ''(R)''
★ : Alexander S. Wallace ''(R)''
★ : Richard H. Cain ''(R)'' :'Tennessee'
★ : Roderick R. Butler ''(R)''
★ : Jacob M. Thornburgh ''(R)''
★ : William Crutchfield ''(R)''
★ : John M. Bright ''(D)''
★ : Horace H. Harrison ''(R)''
★ : Washington C. Whitthorne ''(D)''
★ : John D. C. Atkins ''(D)''
★ : David A. Nunn ''(R)''
★ : Barbour Lewis ''(R)''
★ : Horace Maynard ''(R)'' :'Texas'
★ : William S. Herndon ''(D)''
★ : William P. McLean ''(D)''
★ : De Witt C. Giddings ''(D)''
★ : John Hancock ''(D)''
★ : Roger Q. Mills ''(D)''
★ : Asa H. Willie ''(D)'' :'Vermont'
★ : Charles W. Willard ''(R)''
★ : Luke P. Poland ''(R)''
★ : George W. Hendee ''(R)'' :'Virginia'
★ : James B. Sener ''(R)''
★ : James H. Platt, Jr. ''(R)''
★ : J. Ambler Smith ''(R)''
★ : William H. H. Stowell ''(R)''
★ : Alexander M. Davis ''(D)''
★ : Christopher Y. Thomas ''(R)''
★ : Thomas Whitehead ''(D)''
★ : John T. Harris ''(D)''
★ : Eppa Hutton, II ''(D)''
★ : Rees T. Bowen ''(D)'' :'West Virginia'
★ : John J. Davis ''(D)''
★ : John M. Hagans ''(R)''
★ : Frank Hereford ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin'
★ : Charles G. Williams ''(R)''
★ : Gerry W. Hazelton ''(R)''
★ : J. Allen Barber ''(R)''
★ : Alexander Mitchell ''(D)''
★ : Charles A. Eldredge ''(D)''
★ : Philetus Sawyer ''(R)''
★ : Jeremiah M. Rusk ''(R)''
★ : Alexander S. McDill ''(R)''
Speaker of the House
James G. Blaine
Delegates
:'Arizona Territory'
★ : Richard C. McCormick ''(U)'' :'Colorado Territory'
★ : Jerome B. Chaffee ''(R)'' :'Dakota Territory'
★ : Moses K. Armstrong ''(D)'' :'District of Columbia'
★ : Norton P. Chipman ''(R)'' :'Idaho Territory'
★ : John Hailey ''(D)'' :'Montana Territory'
★ : Martin Maginnis ''(D)'' :'New Mexico Territory'
★ : Stephen B. Elkins ''(R)'' :'Utah Territory'
★ : George Q. Cannon ''(R)'' :'Washington Territory'
★ : Obadiah B. McFadden ''(D)'' :'Wyoming Territory'
★ : William R. Steele ''(D)''

Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
:'Senate'
★ replacements: 5

Democratic: 1 seat net gain

Republican: no net change

Liberal Republican: 1 seat net loss
★ deaths: 3
★ resignations: 3
★ interim appointments: 1
★ vacancy: 1
★ 'Total seats with changes: 7'
:'House of Representatives'
★ replacements: 13

Democratic: 3 seat net gain

Republican: 4 seat net loss

Liberal Republican: 1 seat net gain
★ deaths: 6
★ resignations: 5
★ contested election: 7
★ 'Total seats with changes: 18'

Officers


:'Senate'
Secretary of the Senate:

George C. Gorham of Massachusetts elected June 4 1868
Sergeant at Arms of the Senate:

John R. French of New Hampshire, elected March 22 1869
Chaplain of the Senate

The Rev. John P. Newman, ''Methodist'', elected March 8 1869

The Rev. Byron Sunderland, ''Presbyterian'', elected December 8 1873:'Other'
Architect of the Capitol:

Edward Clark, appointed August 30 1865
:'House of Representatives'
Clerk of the House:

Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected December 1 1873
Sergeant at Arms of the House:

Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected December 1 1873
Doorkeeper of the House:

Otis S. Buxton of New York, elected December 1 1873
Postmaster of the House:

Henry Sherwood of Michigan, elected December 1 1873
Clerk at the Speaker’s Table:

John M. Barclay
Chaplain of the House

The Rev. John G. Butler, ''Presbyterian'', elected December 1 1873

Notes


1. Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
2. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

References



The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,

The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,

External links



Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

U.S. House of Representatives: House History

U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists



This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.

psst.. try this: add to faves