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Events
By place
Persian empire
★
Xerxes II rules as King of
Persia for only about 45 days until he is killed. He is reportedly murdered, while drunk, by Pharnacyas and Menostanes on the orders of
Secydianus (or
Sogdianus), the son of one of
Artaxerxes I's concubines, Alogyne of
Babylon.
Greece
★ The statesman,
Hermocrates of Syracuse, persuades the cities of
Sicily to agree to make peace and urges the exclusion of foreign powers. As a result, the three-year war between his city and Sicily's pro-Athenian towns ends and the
Athenian forces, which had been sent to Sicily to support Greek settlements, are forced to withdraw.
★
Demosthenes and
Hippocrates attempt to capture
Megara, but they are defeated by the
Spartans under their general
Brasidas. Demosthenes then marches to
Naupactus to assist in a democratic revolution, and to gather troops for an invasion of
Boeotia. However, Demosthenes and Hippocrates are unable to coordinate their attacks and Hippocrates is defeated at the
Battle of Delium by
Pagondas of
Thebes. During the battle,
Socrates is said to have saved the life of
Alcibiades. Demosthenes attacks
Sicyon and is defeated as well.
★ After he frustrates the Athenian attack on Megara, Brasidas marches through Boeotia and
Thessaly to
Chalcidice at the head of 700
helots and 1000 Peloponnesian mercenaries to join the Macedonian king
Perdiccas II. Refusing to be made a tool for the furtherance of Perdiccas' ambitions, Brasidas wins over the important cities of
Acanthus,
Stagirus,
Amphipolis and
Torone as well as a number of minor towns. An attack on
Eion is foiled by the arrival of
Thucydides at the head of an Athenian squadron.
★ Brasidas' capture of the city of Amphipolis is a major reverse for
Athens, for which the Athenian general (and future historian) Thucydides is held responsible and banished. This gives Thucydides the opportunity for undistracted study for his ''
History'' and for travel and wider contacts, especially on the Peloponnesian side (
Sparta and its allies).
★
Cleon captures the Peloponnesian island of
Cythera, from which to harry the Spartans.
By topic
Drama
★
Sophocles' play ''
Oedipus Rex'' is performed.
Architecture
★ The temple to
Athena Nike (also known as the Wingless Victory) on the Athenian
Acropolis is completed. It has been designed by the Athenian architect
Callicrates.
Births
★
Deaths
★
Xerxes II, King of
Persia
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