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The 'Twenty-eighth United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1843 to March 3 1845, during the last two years of the administration of U.S. President John Tyler.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Sixth Census of the United States in 1840. The Senate had a Whig majority, and the House had a Democratic majority.

Contents

Dates of sessions

Party summary

Leadership

Major events

Major legislation

Members

Senate

House of Representatives

Delegates

Changes in membership

Officers

Notes

References

External links

Dates of sessions

March 4 1843 - March 3 1845

★ First session: December 4 1843 - June 17 1844

★ Second session: December 2 1844 - March 3 1845 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: ''27th Congress''

Next congress: ''29th Congress''

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

:'Senate' ★ Democratic '' (D) '': 23 ★ Whig '' (W) '': 29 ''(majority)'''TOTAL members: 52'

:'House of Representatives' ★ Democratic '' (D) '': 147 ''(majority)'' ★ Whig '' (W) '': 72 ★ Law and Order '' (LO) '': 2 ★ Independent Democrat: 1 ★ Independent Whig: 1'TOTAL members: 223'

Leadership

:'Senate'

★ Vice President of the United States ''(President of the Senate)'':

★
★ vacant

★ President ''pro tempore'' of the Senate:

★
★ Willie P. Mangum, ''Whig'' of North Carolina, elected December 4 1843
:'House of Representatives'

★ Speaker of the House

★
★ John W. Jones, ''Democrat'' of Virginia, elected December 4 1843

Major events

:''Main article: Events of 1843; Events of 1844; Events of 1845''

Major legislation

:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 28th Congress

★ March 3 1845 Florida was admitted as a state into the Union.

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 28th United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 28th United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1842''

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1844; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1846; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1848.
:''See also:
:''See also:

:'Alabama' ★ 2: William R. D. King ''(D)'' ★ : Dixon H. Lewis ''(D)'' ★ 3: Arthur P. Bagby ''(D)'' :'Arkansas' ★ 2: William S. Fulton ''(D)'' ★ : Chester Ashley ''(D)'' ★ 3: Ambrose H. Sevier ''(D)'' :'Connecticut' ★ 1: Jabez W. Huntington ''(W)'' ★ 3: John M. Niles ''(D)'' :'Delaware' ★ 1: Richard H. Bayard ''(W)'' ★ 2: Thomas Clayton ''(W)'' :'Georgia' ★ 2: John Mcpherson Berrien ''(W)'' ★ 3: Walter T. Colquitt ''(D)'' :'Illinois' ★ 2: Samuel McRoberts ''(D)'' ★ : James Semple ''(D)'' ★ 3: Sidney Breese ''(D)'' :'Indiana' ★ 1: Albert S. White ''(W)'' ★ 3: Edward A. Hannegan ''(D)'' :'Kentucky' ★ 2: James T. Morehead ''(W)'' ★ 3: John J. Crittenden ''(W)'' :'Louisiana' ★ 2: Alexander Barrow ''(W)'' ★ 3: Henry Johnson ''(W)''

:'Maine' ★ 2: George Evans ''(W)'' ★ 1: John Fairfield ''(D)'' :'Maryland' ★ 1: William D. Merrick ''(W)'' ★ 3: James A. Pearce ''(W)'' :'Massachusetts' ★ 2: Isaac C. Bates ''(W)'' ★ 1: Rufus Choate ''(W)'' :'Michigan' ★ 1: Augustus S. Porter ''(W)'' ★ 2: William Woodbridge ''(W)'' :'Mississippi' ★ 2: Robert J. Walker ''(D)'' ★ 1: John Henderson ''(W)'' :'Missouri' ★ 1: Thomas H. Benton ''(D)'' ★ 3: Lewis F. Linn ''(D)'' ★ : David R. Atchison ''(D)'' :'New Hampshire' ★ 2: Levi Woodbury ''(D)'' ★ 3: Charles G. Atherton ''(D)'' :'New Jersey' ★ 2: Jacob W. Miller ''(W)'' ★ 1: William L. Dayton ''(W)'' :'New York' ★ 3: Silas Wright, Jr. ''(D)'' ★ : Henry A. Foster ''(D)'' ★ : John A. Dix ''(D)'' ★ 1: Nathaniel P. Tallmadge ''(W)'' ★ : Daniel S. Dickinson ''(D)''

:'North Carolina' ★ 2: Willie P. Mangum ''(W)'' ★ 3: William H. Haywood, Jr. ''(D)'' :'Ohio' ★ 3: William Allen ''(D)'' ★ 1: Benjamin Tappan ''(D)'' :'Pennsylvania' ★ 3: James Buchanan ''(D)'' ★ 1: Daniel Sturgeon ''(D)'' :'Rhode Island' ★ 2: James F. Simmons ''(W)'' ★ 1: William Sprague ''(W)'' ★ : John B. Francis ''(LO)'' :'South Carolina' ★ 3: George McDuffie ''(D)'' ★ 2: Daniel E. Huger ''(D)'' :'Tennessee' ★ 1: Ephraim H. Foster ''(W)'' ★ 2: Spencer Jarnagin ''(W)'' :'Vermont' ★ 1: Samuel S. Phelps ''(W)'' ★ 3: William Upham ''(W)'' :'Virginia' ★ 1: William C. Rives ''(W)'' ★ 2: William S. Archer ''(W)''

President ''pro tempore'' Willie P. Mangum

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:

:'Alabama' ★ : James Dellet ''(W)'' ★ : James E. Belser ''(D)'' ★ : Dixon H. Lewis ''(D)'' ★ : William L. Yancey ''(D)'' ★ : William W. Payne ''(D)'' ★ : George S. Houston ''(D)'' ★ : Reuben Chapman ''(D)'' ★ : Felix G. McConnell ''(D)'' :'Arkansas' ★ : Edward Cross ''(D)'' :'Connecticut' ★ : Thomas H. Seymour ''(D)'' ★ : John Stewart ''(D)'' ★ : George S. Catlin ''(D)'' ★ : Samuel Simons ''(D)'' :'Delaware' ★ : George B. Rodney ''(W)'' :'Georgia' [1] ★ : Edward J. Black ''(D)'' ★ : Howell Cobb ''(D)'' ★ : Mark A. Cooper ''(D)'' ★ : Alexander H. Stephens ''(W)'' ★ : Hugh A. Haralson ''(D)'' ★ : John B. Lamar ''(D)'' ★ : Absalom H. Chappell ''(W)'' ★ : John H. Lumpkin ''(D)'' ★ : John Millen ''(D)'' ★ : Duncan L. Clinch ''(W)'' ★ : William H. Stiles ''(D)'' :'Illinois' ★ : Robert Smith ''(D)'' ★ : John A. McClernand ''(D)'' ★ : Orlando B. Ficklin ''(D)'' ★ : John Wentworth ''(D)'' ★ : Stephen A. Douglas ''(D)'' ★ : Joseph P. Hoge ''(D)'' ★ : John J. Hardin ''(W)'' :'Indiana' ★ : Robert D. Owen ''(D)'' ★ : Thomas J. Henley ''(D)'' ★ : Thomas Smith ''(D)'' ★ : Caleb B. Smith ''(W)'' ★ : William J. Brown ''(D)'' ★ : John W. Davis ''(D)'' ★ : Joseph A. Wright ''(D)'' ★ : John Pettit ''(D)'' ★ : Samuel C. Sample ''(W)'' ★ : Andrew Kennedy ''(D)'' :'Kentucky' ★ : Linn Boyd ''(D)'' ★ : Willis Green ''(W)'' ★ : Henry Grider ''(W)'' ★ : George A. Caldwell ''(D)'' ★ : James W. Stone ''(D)'' ★ : John White ''(W)'' ★ : William P. Thomasson ''(W)'' ★ : Garrett Davis ''(W)'' ★ : Richard French ''(D)'' ★ : John W. Tibbatts ''(D)'' :'Louisiana' ★ : John Slidell ''(D)'' ★ : Alcée L. La Branche ''(D)'' ★ : John B. Dawson ''(D)'' ★ : Pierre E. J. B. Bossier ''(D)'' ★ : Isaac E. Morse ''(D)'' :'Maine' ★ : Joshua Herrick ''(D)'' ★ : Robert P. Dunlap ''(D)'' ★ : Luther Severance ''(W)'' ★ : Freeman H. Morse ''(W)'' ★ : Benjamin White ''(D)'' ★ : Hannibal Hamlin ''(D)'' ★ : Shepard Cary ''(D)'' :'Maryland' ★ : John M. S. Causin ''(W)'' ★ : Francis Brengle ''(W)'' ★ : John Wethered ''(W)'' ★ : John P. Kennedy ''(W)'' ★ : Jacob A. Preston ''(W)'' ★ : Thomas A. Spence ''(W)'' :'Massachusetts' ★ : Robert C. Winthrop ''(W)'' ★ : Daniel P. King ''(W)'' ★ : Amos Abbott ''(W)'' ★ : William Parmenter ''(D)'' ★ : Charles Hudson ''(W)'' ★ : Osmyn Baker ''(W)'' ★ : Julius Rockwell ''(W)'' ★ : John Quincy Adams ''(W)'' ★ : Henry Williams ''(D)'' ★ : Barker Burnell ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph Grinnell ''(W)''

:'Michigan' ★ : Robert McClelland ''(D)'' ★ : Lucius Lyon ''(D)'' ★ : James B. Hunt ''(D)'' :'Mississippi' [1] ★ : William H. Hammett ''(D)'' ★ : Robert W. Roberts ''(D)'' ★ : Jacob Thompson ''(D)'' ★ : Tilghman M. Tucker ''(D)'' :'Missouri' [1] ★ : Gustavus M. Bower ''(D)'' ★ : James B. Bowlin ''(D)'' ★ : James M. Hughes ''(D)'' ★ : John Jameson ''(D)'' ★ : James H. Relfe ''(D)'' :'New Hampshire' [1] ★ : Edmund Burke ''(D)'' ★ : John P. Hale ''(D)'' ★ : Moses Norris, Jr. ''(D)'' ★ : John R. Reding ''(D)'' :'New Jersey' ★ : Lucius Q. C. Elmer ''(D)'' ★ : George Sykes ''(D)'' ★ : Isaac G. Farlee ''(D)'' ★ : Littleton Kirkpatrick ''(D)'' ★ : William Wright ''(IW)'' :'New York' ★ : Selah B. Strong ''(D)'' ★ : Henry C. Murphy ''(D)'' ★ : J. Phillips Phoenix ''(W)'' ★ : William B. Maclay ''(D)'' ★ : Moses G. Leonard ''(D)'' ★ : Hamilton Fish ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph H. Anderson ''(D)'' ★ : Richard D. Davis ''(D)'' ★ : James G. Clinton ''(D)'' ★ : Jeremiah Russell ''(D)'' ★ : Zadock Pratt ''(D)'' ★ : David L. Seymour ''(D)'' ★ : Daniel D. Barnard ''(W)'' ★ : Charles Rogers ''(W)'' ★ : Lemuel Stetson ''(D)'' ★ : Chesselden Ellis ''(D)'' ★ : Charles S. Benton ''(D)'' ★ : Preston King ''(D)'' ★ : Orville Hungerford ''(D)'' ★ : Samuel Beardsley ''(D)'' ★ : Levi D. Carpenter ''(D)'' ★ : Jeremiah E. Cary ''(D)'' ★ : Smith M. Purdy ''(D)'' ★ : Orville Robinson ''(D)'' ★ : Horace Wheaton ''(D)'' ★ : George O. Rathbun ''(D)'' ★ : Amasa Dana ''(D)'' ★ : Byram Green ''(D)'' ★ : Thomas J. Patterson ''(W)'' ★ : Charles H. Carroll ''(W)'' ★ : William S. Hubbell ''(D)'' ★ : Asher Tyler ''(W)'' ★ : William A. Moseley ''(W)'' ★ : Albert Smith ''(W)'' ★ : Washington Hunt ''(W)'' :'North Carolina' ★ : Thomas L. Clingman ''(W)'' ★ : Daniel M. Barringer ''(W)'' ★ : David S. Reid ''(D)'' ★ : Edmund Deberry ''(W)'' ★ : Romulus M. Saunders ''(D)'' ★ : James I. McKay ''(D)'' ★ : John R. J. Daniel ''(D)'' ★ : Archibald H. Arrington ''(D)'' ★ : Kenneth Rayner ''(W)'' :'Ohio' ★ : Alexander Duncan ''(D)'' ★ : John B. Weller ''(D)'' ★ : Robert C. Schenck ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph Vance ''(W)'' ★ : Emery D. Potter ''(D)'' ★ : Henry St. John ''(D)'' ★ : Joseph J. McDowell ''(D)'' ★ : John I. Vanmeter ''(W)'' ★ : Elias Florence ''(W)'' ★ : Heman Allen Moore ''(D)'' ★ : Alfred P. Stone ''(D)'' ★ : Jacob Brinkerhoff ''(D)'' ★ : Samuel F. Vinton ''(W)'' ★ : Perley B. Johnson ''(W)'' ★ : Alexander Harper ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph Morris ''(D)'' ★ : James Mathews ''(D)'' ★ : William C. McCauslen ''(D)'' ★ : Ezra Dean ''(D)'' ★ : Daniel R. Tilden ''(W)'' ★ : Joshua R. Giddings ''(W)'' ★ : Henry R. Brinkerhoff ''(D)'' ★ : Edward S. Hamlin ''(W)''

:'Pennsylvania' ★ : Edward Joy Morris ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph R. Ingersoll ''(W)'' ★ : John T. Smith ''(D)'' ★ : Charles J. Ingersoll ''(D)'' ★ : Jacob S. Yost ''(D)'' ★ : Michael H. Jenks ''(W)'' ★ : Abraham R. McIlvaine ''(W)'' ★ : Jeremiah Brown ''(W)'' ★ : John Ritter ''(D)'' ★ : Richard Brodhead ''(D)'' ★ : Benjamin A. Bidlack ''(D)'' ★ : Almon H. Read ''(D)'' ★ : George Fuller ''(D)'' ★ : Henry Frick ''(W)'' ★ : James Pollock ''(W)'' ★ : Alexander Ramsey ''(W)'' ★ : Henry Nes ''(ID)'' ★ : James Black ''(D)'' ★ : James Irvin ''(W)'' ★ : Andrew Stewart ''(W)'' ★ : Henry D. Foster ''(D)'' ★ : John Dickey ''(W)'' ★ : William Wilkins ''(D)'' ★ : Cornelius Darragh ''(W)'' ★ : Samuel Hays ''(D)'' ★ : Charles M. Reed ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph Buffington ''(W)'' :'Rhode Island' ★ : Henry Y. Cranston ''(LO)'' ★ : Elisha R. Potter ''(LO)'' :'South Carolina' ★ : James A. Black ''(D)'' ★ : Richard F. Simpson ''(D)'' ★ : Joseph A. Woodward ''(D)'' ★ : John Campbell ''(D)'' ★ : Armistead Burt ''(D)'' ★ : Isaac E. Holmes ''(D)'' ★ : R. Barnwell Rhett ''(D)'' :'Tennessee' ★ : Andrew Johnson ''(D)'' ★ : William T. Senter ''(W)'' ★ : Julius W. Blackwell ''(D)'' ★ : Alvan Cullom ''(D)'' ★ : George W. Jones ''(D)'' ★ : Aaron V. Brown ''(D)'' ★ : David W. Dickinson ''(W)'' ★ : Joseph H. Peyton ''(W)'' ★ : Cave Johnson ''(D)'' ★ : John B. Ashe ''(W)'' ★ : Milton Brown ''(W)'' :'Vermont' ★ : Solomon Foot ''(W)'' ★ : Jacob Collamer ''(W)'' ★ : George P. Marsh ''(W)'' ★ : Paul Dillingham, Jr. ''(D)'' :'Virginia' ★ : Archibald Atkinson ''(D)'' ★ : George C. Dromgoole ''(D)'' ★ : Walter Coles ''(D)'' ★ : Edmund W. Hubard ''(D)'' ★ : Thomas W. Gilmer ''(D)'' ★ : William L. Goggin ''(W)'' ★ : John W. Jones ''(D)'' ★ : Henry A. Wise ''(D)'' ★ : Thomas H. Bayly ''(D)'' ★ : Willoughby Newton ''(W)'' ★ : Samuel Chilton ''(W)'' ★ : William Lucas ''(D)'' ★ : William Taylor ''(D)'' ★ : Augustus A. Chapman ''(D)'' ★ : George W. Hopkins ''(D)'' ★ : George W. Summers ''(W)'' ★ : Lewis Steenrod ''(D)''

Speaker of the House John W. Jones Delegates :'Florida Territory' ★ : David Levy Yulee ''(D)'' :'Iowa Territory' ★ : Augustus C. Dodge ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin Territory' ★ : Henry Dodge ''(D)''

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

:'Senate' ★ replacements: 7 ★ ★ Democrats '' (D) '': no net change ★ ★ Whigs '' (W) '': 1 seat net loss ★ ★ Law and Order '' (LO) '': 1 seat net gain ★ deaths: 3 ★ resignations: 5 ★ interim appointments: 1 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 10'

:'House of Representatives' ★ replacements: 14 ★ ★ Democrats '' (D) '': 6 seat net loss ★ ★ Whigs '' (W) '': 6 seat net gain ★ deaths: 7 ★ resignations: 7 ★ contested election: 0 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 16'

Officers

:'Senate' ★ Secretary of the Senate: ★ ★ Asbury Dickens of North Carolina elected December 12 1836 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: ★ ★ Edward Dyer of Maryland, elected March 8 1841 ★ Chaplain of the Senate ★ ★ The Rev. Septimus Tustin, ''Presbyterian'', elected June 12 1841

:'House of Representatives' ★ Clerk of the House: ★ ★ Caleb J. McNulty of Ohio, elected December 6 1843, dismissed January 18 1845 ★ ★ Benjamin B. French of New Hampshire, elected January 18 1845 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the House: ★ ★ Newton Lane of Kentucky, elected December 6 1843 ★ Doorkeeper of the House: ★ ★ Jesse E. Dow of Connecticut, elected December 6 1843 ★ Postmaster of the House: ★ ★ John M. Johnson of Virginia, elected January 4 1844 ★ Chaplain of the House ★ ★ The Rev. Isaac S. Tinsley, ''Baptist'', elected December 4 1843 ★ ★ The Rev. William M. Daily, ''Methodist'', elected December 4 1844

Notes

1. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
2. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
3. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
4. All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

References

★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,

★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,

External links

★ Statutes at Large, 1789-1875

★ Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

★ House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress

★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress

★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History

★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists