The '1933 Atlantic hurricane season' is the second most active Atlantic hurricane season on record, with 21 storms forming during that year. The season, which began on
June 1,
1933 and lasted until
November 30,
1933, is surpassed only by the
2005 season, which broke the record with its 28 storms. The 1933 season saw tropical activity before its start, and a tropical cyclone was active for all but 13 days from
June 28 to
October 7. Tropical cyclones that did not approach populated areas or shipping lanes, especially if they were relatively weak and of short duration, may have remained undetected. Because technologies such as
satellite monitoring were not available until the
1960s, historical data on tropical cyclones from this period are often not reliable. Compensating for the lack of reliable observation, one hurricane researcher estimates the season produced 24 tropical cyclones.
[1]
Ten of the season's 21 storms attained
hurricane status. Five of those were major hurricanes, with sustained winds of over 111
mph (179
km/h); the strongest reached peak winds of 150 mph (240 km/h) near the
Bahamas in early October. The season produced several deadly storms, with eight storms killing more than 20 people. All but one of the 21 known storms affected land at some point during their lifetimes.
Season summary
Damage from Chesapeake Potomac Hurricane
The 1933 season was the most active of its time, surpassing the previous record-holder of 19 storms in
1887. Nineteen of the season's storms made
landfall as tropical cyclones, and another struck land as an extratropical storm. Eight tropical storms, including six hurricanes, hit the
United States during the season, including the
Chesapeake Potomac Hurricane, which the
U.S. Weather Bureau describes as one of the most severe in history along the
Mid-Atlantic States. Seven tropical storms, including four hurricanes, hit
Mexico, two of which caused severe damage in the
Tampico area.
[2]
The season was continuously active, with a record-setting total of seven storms forming during the month of August alone. This record was later tied by the
1995 season and ultimately broken by the
2004 season with its eight August storms.
[3] At the time, many storms received the distinction of being the earliest ''n''th storm to form, such as the earliest fifth tropical storm to form in a season. Though most of the records were broken in later years, the 1933 season retains the record for the earliest formation of a season's 18th storm by 27 hours.
[4]
During the season, the U.S.
Weather Bureau issued
storm and
hurricane warnings for eight storms, including coastal portions of
Texas, as well as from
Florida to
Massachusetts, forcing the evacuations of thousands of people. The deadliest storm of the season was a hurricane that struck
Tampico,
Mexico, killing over 184 residents. The costliest hurricane was the
Chesapeake Potomac Hurricane, which caused $27 million in damage (1933
USD, $360 million 2005 USD) from
North Carolina to
New Jersey. The hurricane produced rainfall that resulted in severe crop damage in
Maryland.
Storms
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'Timeline of tropical activity in 1933 Atlantic hurricane season'
Tropical Storm One
The first storm of the season formed on
May 14 in the western
Caribbean Sea, prior to the official start of the
Atlantic hurricane season. It moved quickly towards the northwest and attained a peak intensity of 45
mph (70 km/h) on
May 16. The storm turned to the west, then curved southwest, while moving around the
Yucatan Peninsula just offshore. The tropical storm turned to the south, weakened to a tropical depression, and made landfall on northern
Tabasco. It dissipated on
May 19.
[5]
Hurricane Two
The hurricane season officially began on
June 1, but there was little detectable activity during most of June. That tranquility came to an end on
June 27, when a tropical storm was first observed just off the coast of northern
Guyana. It strengthened as it moved west-northwestward, and it became a hurricane later that day. Continuing to the west-northwest, the hurricane brushed southern
Tobago and made landfall on northeastern
Venezuela on
June 28, becoming the earliest known tropical cyclone to affect the area.
The system weakened to a tropical storm over land but re-attained hurricane status on
July 1 while in the western
Caribbean Sea. The hurricane curved to the northwest and moved over western
Cuba on
July 3. It turned to the west in the
Gulf of Mexico and reached a peak intensity of 105 mph (170 km/h) on
July 5, making it a
Category 2 hurricane. The hurricane turned to the west-southwest due to a building
high pressure area to its north then weakened. It made landfall on the coast of
Tamaulipas and weakened to tropical storm status. The system finally dissipated over land on
July 7.
On southern Tobago, the hurricane caused severe damage, amounting to around $3 million (1933 USD). 13 people were killed on the island, and another 1,000 were left homeless. In northeastern Venezuela, the hurricane destroyed many houses, businesses, and boats, and strong winds downed power lines. Many people were killed, and property damage totaled to over $386,000 (1933 USD).
In Cuba, the storm killed 22 people, while damage amounted to $4 million (1933 USD).
[6] The hurricane caused severe damage and several deaths in northeastern
Mexico.
In all, the hurricane killed 35 people.
[7]
Tropical Storm Three
The third tropical storm of the season was first observed on
July 14 near
St. Kitts. It moved quickly westward and passed just south of
Puerto Rico and
Hispaniola as a weak storm. The system curved slightly to the west-northwest and brushed the northern coast of
Jamaica before turning slightly westward and hitting the
Mexican state of
Quintana Roo. As it crossed the
Yucatán Peninsula the cyclone weakened, and after crossing the
Bay of Campeche the storm dissipated over coastal
Veracruz.
While passing near Jamaica, the storm dropped heavy rainfall, including 9 inches (230 mm) in
Kingston which led to flooding and washouts. The rainfall also damaged several bridges and roads and resulting in delays in train schedules.
[8] Mudslides and overflowing rivers flooded several towns with knee-deep waters. Moderate winds downed several banana trees across the island.
[9]
Tropical Storm Four
On
July 21, another tropical storm formed, this time, in the central Gulf of Mexico to the northwest of the Yucatán Peninsula. It moved quickly to the northwest, and made landfall near
Matagorda Bay, in
Texas on
July 23 as a 45 mph (70 km/h) tropical storm. The system turned to the northeast, and became extratropical to the east of
Dallas, Texas. The extratropical system moved slowly through northern
Louisiana, turned to the northeast, and dissipated over northeastern
Arkansas near
Memphis, Tennessee.
Prior to the arrival of the storm, numerous coastal residents boarded up their houses and businesses and voluntarily evacuated further inland. Upon making landfall, the storm produced high tides.
[10] In eastern Texas and western Louisiana, the system dropped very heavy
precipitation, which in places reached accumulations exceeding 20 inches (500 mm). The highest storm total occurred in
Logansport, Louisiana, which reported 24 inches (610 mm) in a 4-day period.
[11]
In Louisiana, the flooding severely damaged crops and forced about 250 families near
Shreveport to evacuate their flooded homes. The torrential rainfall also resulted in overflowing rivers; numerous highways, roads, and railroads were either impassable or closed, with some locations experiencing water depths of up to 20 feet (6.1 m).
[12]
Total damage reached nearly $2 million (1933 USD).
[13]
Hurricane Five
On
July 25, two days after the remnants of Tropical Storm 4 dissipated, another tropical storm was detected. Located to the southeast of
Antigua, it tracked west-northwestward, passing near
St. Thomas with winds of up to 60 mph (95 km/h). The storm strengthened and attained hurricane status the next day north of
Puerto Rico, and it continued its west-northwest movement. After moving through the northern
Bahamas, the hurricane struck near
Fort Pierce, Florida, with winds of 85 mph (135 km/h).
The hurricane crossed the state and weakened to minimal tropical storm intensity. It turned to the west-southwest and re-strengthened to a hurricane on
August 4 off the coast of
Texas. It weakened again to tropical storm status and made its final landfall near
Brownsville, Texas, on
August 5 as a strong tropical storm. The system rapidly dissipated over northern
Mexico.
While moving over
Saint Christopher, the storm killed six people. Heavy rain was reported throughout the
Virgin Islands.
[14] The hurricane caused the drowning of one person in the
Bahamas, and moderate winds produced severe structural damage to the buildings in the
archipelago.
[15]
In Florida, the National Weather Bureau issued storm warnings between
Miami to
Titusville, while
Governor David Sholtz issued a mandatory evacuation for 4,200 residents in vulnerable areas around
Lake Okeechobee.
[16] Damage in Florida was minimal, limited to minor crops, roofs, and signs.
[ Florida Effects from Hurricane Times Herald ] In southern
Texas, the hurricane produced moderate damage of $500,000 (1933 USD), including disrupted telephone and telegraph lines.
[17]
The hurricane produced high tides along the coast of Texas, covering parts of
South Padre Island,
[18] and heavy rains in northern Mexico caused heavy damage.
Tropical Storm Six
The sixth tropical storm of the season was first observed near
Barbados on
August 12. It quickly passed through the
Lesser Antilles and slowly strengthened to reach a maximum strength of 60 mph (95 km/h) on
August 15. After passing just south of
Jamaica, the storm turned to the northwest and crossed over both the
Isle of Youth and western
Cuba on
August 18. It curved northward, made landfall on the
Florida Panhandle, and dissipated on
August 20 over southwestern
Georgia.
The storm produced heavy rainfall in eastern Jamaica, including a record 24-hour total of 12.17 inches (309 mm) in the Corporate Area.
[19] This flooded and damaged properties and water systems in
Kingston and
Saint Andrew, leading to a water famine until the water mains were fixed. Damage totaled to over $2.5 million (1933 UD),
[20] and 70 people were reported killed due to the flooding.
Damage was minimal in both Cuba and Florida.
Tropical Storm Seven
On
August 16, the seventh tropical storm of the year was first sighted to the east of the
Windward Islands. The system moved quickly to the west-northwest, followed by a turn to the west. It remained a minimal tropical storm for most of its lifetime, never gained significant intensity, and dissipated on
August 21 to the east of
Honduras.
On
Trinidad, rainfall from Tropical Storms 6 and 7—the heaviest in 9 years—caused rivers to overflow and flooded parts of the island. Several boats were damaged or driven ashore from rough seas. The two storms caused damage to fields, highways, and houses, and caused the loss of crops such as
cocoa and
bananas. In all, Storms 6 and 7 caused $3 million (1933 USD) in damage and 13 deaths on Trinidad.
Hurricane Eight
A ship first reported the season's eighth tropical storm about 900 miles (1450 ) east of
Puerto Rico on
August 17. This system would become one of the most destructive hurricanes of the season. The storm moved towards the northwest and quickly attained hurricane status late that same day. The hurricane continued to strengthen, and on
August 21, it passed about 150 miles (240 km) southwest of
Bermuda as a
Category 2 hurricane.
St. George's avoided a direct hit but reported wind speeds of up to 64 mph (103 km/h). On
August 22, the hurricane turned west-northwest and reached its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph (195 km/h), equivalent to a Category 3 hurricane in the modern-day
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. However, it weakened quickly afterwards. On
August 23, the storm made landfall on the
Outer Banks of
North Carolina as a Category 2 hurricane and continued to quickly weaken as it moved inland, away from its energy source.
[21] The storm turned to the north, then to the northeast, passing through
Virginia,
Maryland, and
Pennsylvania before weakening to a tropical depression over
New York. The system continued accelerating to the northeast and dissipated over the
Gulf of Saint Lawrence on
August 26.
The hurricane caused damage ranging from moderate to severe in the corridor between North Carolina and New Jersey, due to high
tides and strong winds.
In the state of Maryland, the storm's effects resulted in severe crop damage, and many boats and piers were damaged or destroyed due to high tides and
storm surge.
The hurricane produced heavy rainfall along its path, with a peak of 13.28 inches (337.3 mm) in
York, Pennsylvania.
[22] Overall, the hurricane caused $27 million in damage (1933 USD, $360 million 2005 USD)
and 31 deaths.
[23][24]
Tropical Storm Nine
A day after Hurricane 8 made landfall on the
United States, another tropical storm was observed on the
Atlantic basin centered about 340 miles (550 km) northeast of
Antigua. It moved northwestward for three days, slowly strengthening as it moved over the open ocean. The storm turned to the northeast and reached peak sustained winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) a short distance to the west of
Bermuda. It began weakening shortly thereafter, and on
August 30 the storm became extratropical to the southeast of
Newfoundland. It continued to the northeast and was last observed on
August 31 over the north-central Atlantic Ocean. It did not cause significant effects on land.
Tropical Storm Ten
At approximately the same time on
August 26, another area of disturbed weather organized into the season's tenth tropical storm in the
Bay of Campeche. It initially moved to the northwest. The cyclone remained a minimal tropical storm for most of its lifetime. On
August 29, the storm turned to the west-southwest and made landfall near Tampico, Mexico, dissipating shortly thereafter. The tropical storm caused heavy rains near the coast, although winds were minor. Due to uncertainty as to its course, tropical storm warnings were issued for portions of the southern
Texas coastline.
Hurricane Eleven
On
August 28, the seventh tropical storm of the month was seen to the east of the northern
Lesser Antilles. It tracked westward then turned to the west-northwest, strengthening as it passed to the north of the islands. On
August 30, the storm attained hurricane status as it approached the
Turks & Caicos Islands, continued to the west-northwest through the southern
Bahamas and paralleled the northern coast of
Cuba. From there, the system intensified to a
Category 2 hurricane to the north of
Havana on
September 1. It then entered the
Gulf of Mexico and intensified into a major hurricane (defined as Category 3 or greater) on
September 2. It continued westward and reached a peak intensity of 125 mph (200 km/h) on
September 3 for a period of about 41 hours. The hurricane maintained intensity as it approached the
Texas coastline on
September 4,
[21] and it made landfall just north of
Brownsville early on
September 5. The system rapidly weakened as it moved through southern Texas and northeastern Mexico and dissipated within 24 hours of making landfall.
Officials warned citizens along the Texas coastline to remain away from inaccessible places. Because it was predicted to strike on the
Labor Day weekend, an estimated 6,000 to 10,000 residents were feared to be in unreachable locations and potentially at risk.
officials ordered a mandatory evacuation for residents in low-lying areas, declared
martial law, and set up shelters for the potentially affected citizens. Many businesses closed for what would otherwise have been a busy weekend.
[26]
In the Turks & Caicos islands, the hurricane produced winds of up to 56 mph (90 km/h) and a pressure of 996
mbar (29.40
inHg). The system produced 94 mph (154 km/h) winds and carried a pressure reading of 979 mbar (28.91 inHg) in
Havana. Throughout Cuba, the hurricane caused damage of $11 million (1933 USD) and killed 70 people.
In
Key West, the storm produced a 42 mph (68 km/h) winds and minor damage.
Brownsville suffered $1.75 million (1933 USD) in damage, 40 deaths, and 500 injuries. In Corpus Christi, the storm damaged boats, created cuts in islands along the coast, and destroyed the
causeway connecting
Padre Island to the mainland.
Total damage in Texas amounted to $17 million (1933 USD).
Throughout its lifespan, the hurricane killed 179 people.
Many businessmen who expected more severe damage were angry with the meteorologist in charge of the Corpus Christi station, although the National Weather Bureau confirmed that the preparations had been needed and had saved lives. Damage there totaled to $28 million (1933 USD, $37 million 2005 USD).
Hurricane Twelve
The eighth tropical storm in
August, and the seventh to form in 30 days, was first observed on
August 31 225 miles (360 km) north-northeast of the island of
Antigua. The storm rapidly intensified as it moved quickly to the west-northwest, attaining hurricane status later that day, and major hurricane strength on
September 1, while located to the north of
Puerto Rico. It continued west-northwestward and attained its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds of 140 mph (225 km/h), on
September 2. The hurricane, then at Category 4 on the
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale, moved through the northern Bahamas at peak intensity and weakened slightly before making landfall on
Jupiter, Florida, with winds of 125 mph (200 km/h) on
September 4. The system weakened rapidly over
Florida to tropical storm status, and after turning to the north, decelerated. The weakening storm slowly moved through
Georgia before dissipating near the Georgia/
South Carolina border on
September 7.
On
Eleuthera Island, the Category 4 hurricane blew away the roofs of buildings, wrecked wharves, and lost boats. Hurricane warnings were issued for the eastern
Florida coastline, and 3,000 people were evacuated around
Lake Okeechobee to safer areas.
[27] In southeastern Florida, the strong winds broke many glass windows and downed trees and power lines; severe house damage was reported near the landfall location. The hurricane's powerful winds also severely damaged crops, including 4,000,000 boxes of
citrus fruit across the state.
In total, Florida suffered $2 million (1933 USD) in damage and 2 deaths.
[28]
Hurricane Thirteen
On
September 8, an area of disturbed weather to the east of the
Lesser Antilles organized into a tropical storm. It moved north-northeastward, and after a turn to the northwest, the system intensified to hurricane strength on
September 10. It steadily intensified and reached a peak strength of 120 mph (195 km/h) on
September 15. It slowed as it turned to the north, striking southeastern
North Carolina just west of
Cape Hatteras as a Category 3 hurricane.
[21] After moving through the
Outer Banks, the system accelerated to the northeast and became extratropical on
September 18 about halfway between
Cape Cod and the southern tip of
Nova Scotia. The extratropical storm passed over Nova Scotia,
Newfoundland, and
Labrador before dissipating near
Greenland on
September 21.
Strong winds from the hurricane downed trees and power lines in southeastern North Carolina, causing damage to many houses. The hurricane produced a storm surge that flooded coastal streets with 3 to 4 feet (0.9–1.2 m) of water. In all, the hurricane caused at least 21 deaths, primarily due to drowning in high waters. Damage totaled to around $1 million (1933 USD).
Hurricane Fourteen
On
September 10, as Hurricane 13 was intensifying over the waters of the Atlantic Ocean, another area of disturbed weather developed into a tropical storm over the western
Caribbean Sea off the coast of
Guatemala. It moved slowly northward and strengthened, becoming a hurricane on
September 12 just east of
Belize. On the next day, the hurricane made landfall on the
Mexican state of
Quintana Roo, and the system weakened to a tropical storm as it moved northwestward across the
Yucatán Peninsula. On
September 14 it again regained hurricane status over the
Bay of Campeche. The hurricane struck
Tampico on
September 15 and then dissipated.
The storm caused severe damage in Tampico and further inland, leaving several thousand homeless. According to ''The New York Times'', at least 67 people were killed.
Tuxpan, south of Tampico, also suffered heavy damage with many houses and office buildings destroyed. Total property losses were estimated at several million dollars.
[30]
Hurricane Fifteen
On the other side of the
Caribbean Sea, the 15th tropical storm was first observed on
September 16 to the east of the southern
Leeward Islands. The cyclone tracked to the west-northwest through the islands, slowly strengthening to hurricane strength on
September 20 near
Jamaica. Continuing west-northwestward, the hurricane reached Category 2 status and made landfall 40 miles (65 km) south of
Cozumel Island on
September 22. The hurricane weakened slightly over the
Yucatán Peninsula then re-strengthened over the Gulf of Mexico to reach a peak intensity of 110 mph (175 km/h) on
September 24. Only a week after Hurricane 14 had hit there, the storm made landfall near
Tampico. It dissipated on
September 25 over Mexico.
Near Jamaica, the hurricane caused rough seas, although damage, if any, is unknown.
While moving across the Yucatán Peninsula, the storm produced heavy rainfall and strong winds. In
Cozumel, the winds destroyed a 300-foot (91 m) pier and several buildings. Rough seas sunk several ships, and one person drowned. The rainfall caused several rivers to overflow, causing flooding and damage to roads and railroads in the state of
Veracruz.
[31] Many people in low-lying areas around Tampico evacuated for the storm.
[32]
Reports indicate much of the city of Tampico was destroyed, and the total number of deaths and injuries amounted to over 5,000. Most of the deaths occurred from flood waters, which were 10 to 15 feet (3.0–4.6 m) deep and covered the entire city;
[33] many bodies were washed out to sea, and were never recovered. The flooding washed out
roads and
railroads, delaying relief efforts into the devastated area. Water and food supplies in and around Tampico were damaged or contaminated, resulting in a threat of famine or disease that further aggravated the situation.
[34] Torrential rains caused more flooding, and the powerful winds damaged or destroyed nearly every building in the city and left many homeless.
[35] The strong winds downed numerous power lines, leaving the entire city in blackout, and destroyed two large water towers. There were at least 10 cases of looting; all of the perpretators were executed. Damage in and around Tampico totaled to over $10 million (1933 USD),
[36] and the storm killed over 184 people.
The thousands of victims took refuge in churches, theatres, and public buildings. Immediately after the storm, the Mexican military placed the city under
martial law.
Military and federal authorities dispatched trains with food, water, and medicine,
and planes bearing engineers and doctors.
Mexican president Abelardo L. Rodríguez rallied citizens to aid the affected people in the storm area. The local chamber of deputies allowed $140,000 (1933 USD) in funds for the storm victims.
Tropical Storm Sixteen
On
September 27, a small tropical storm was seen about 290 miles (460 km) east of
Saint Kitts. This sixteenth storm moved quickly westward and passed between St. Kitts and
St. Martin later that night. On
September 28, the cyclone passed to the south of
Puerto Rico and reached its peak intensity of 45 mph (70 km/h). It continued quickly westward and hit the southern tip of the
Dominican Republic on
September 29. Later that night, it hit
Jacmel in southwestern
Haiti as a minimal tropical storm. The system turned abruptly to the northeast and weakened to a tropical depression. It then hit northwestern Haiti near
Gonaïves on
September 30. The circulation center dissipated shortly thereafter. Remnants moved to the northwest and dissipated on
October 4.
Tropical Storm Seventeen
The seventeenth tropical storm of the season developed on
September 28 from an area of disturbed weather to the east of
Costa Rica. It tracked to the north-northwest and passed near
Cabo Gracias a Dios early on
September 29. The storm turned to the west into the
Gulf of Honduras, and on
September 30, it made landfall on east-central
Belize. Shortly thereafter, the system dissipated.
Hurricane Eighteen
As the calendar turned to October, a persistent area of disturbed weather about 85 miles (135 km) north of
Colón, Panama developed into a tropical storm on the first day of the month. It moved northward and steadily intensified, becoming a hurricane on
October 3 just west of
Jamaica. The hurricane turned to the north-northwest and hit the
Cuban province of
La Habana with winds of 110 mph (175 km/h) on
October 4. The hurricane passed over
Havana and turned to the northeast and strengthened, becoming a major hurricane as it moved through the
Florida Keys. The hurricane reached a peak intensity of 150 mph (240 km/h) while passing through the
Bahamas on
October 6, becoming the strongest recorded storm of the season—just 6 mph (10 km/h) below the threshold for the modern maximum of
Category 5. The hurricane weakened as it accelerated to the northeast, and it became extratropical on
October 8 to the south of
Nova Scotia. It paralleled the Nova Scotia coast, turned to the east-southeast, and lost its tropical characteristics on
October 9 over the open north
Atlantic Ocean.
In
Cuba, people boarded up numerous buildings, and emergency workers assisted authorities in spreading the word about the impending storm; residents in vulnerable areas evacuated to shelters on higher ground. The hurricane's powerful winds destroyed several houses in
Camagüey, and heavy rainfall overflowed numerous rivers in low-lying districts.
[37] The winds damaged and disrupted telephone and telegraph lines and injured a few people in
Havana. Despite government orders for police to kill any looters, large-scale looting occurred in Havana after the storm. Two looters were shot to death, and a third was injured. Two civilians were also wounded by snipers who fired to disperse thieves.
[38]
Residents in southeast
Florida boarded up for the storm while the National Weather Bureau issued storm warnings for portions of the coastline.
The hurricane produced strong winds and rain in the
Florida Keys and extreme southern Florida, but damage was minimal.
In northwest
Miami, the hurricane spawned a tornado that damaged three houses and injured two.
[39] Damage in the Bahamas is unknown.
Hurricane Nineteen
After a two-week period of inactivity, a tropical storm was detected in the western
Caribbean Sea on
October 25. It moved to the east-northeast then curved to the northwest while slowly intensifying. On
October 29, it strengthened into a hurricane near
Jamaica and reached peak winds of 105 mph (170 km/h) before striking the western portion of the island. The hurricane turned to the northeast and weakened. It made landfall on southeastern
Cuba as a strong tropical storm on
October 31. The weakening storm changed its course to the north-northwest, as it drifted through Cuba and the
Bahamas. On
November 4 the storm turned once more to the northeast, accelerated, and became extratropical on
November 7 near
Bermuda.
While drifting over western
Jamaica, the hurricane dropped heavy precipitation and produced strong winds, which severely damaged the banana crop.
[40] The rainfall caused mudslides, downed trees, and disrupted road and rail traffic and telegraph services.
Tropical Storm Twenty
Almost simultaneous to Hurricane 19, a tropical storm developed a short distance east of the central Bahamas on October 26. It moved north-northeastward, then northeastward, steadily strengthening along its path. On October 27, a barometric pressure of 993 mbar (29.32 inHg) was recorded within the storm, and on October 28 the storm reached a peak intensity of 70 mph (110 km/h). On October 29, the storm became extratropical and turned north to hit Nova Scotia. Wedged between two high pressure systems, it continued northward until dissipating over extreme eastern portions of Quebec on October 30.[43]
In Halifax, Nova Scotia, the storm's moderately powerful winds downed telephone and telegraph wires and uproofed several buildings. Heavy seas caused by the storm damaged or destroyed many boats, and rainfall flooded highways across the province.[44]
Tropical Storm Twenty-One
After another calm period, the final tropical storm of the season was first observed on November 15 in the southwestern Caribbean Sea. It moved slowly westward, never strengthening beyond a minimal tropical storm in its short lifetime. On November 16, it struck the southeastern coast of Nicaragua, and it dissipated soon after on November 17.
Accumulated Cyclone Energy Rating (ACE)
The table below shows the ACE for each storm in the season. Broadly speaking, the ACE is a measure of the power of the hurricane multiplied by the duration of its lifetime; thus, hurricanes that lasted a long time (such as Thirteen and Eighteen) have higher ACEs. The ACE rating is only calculated for full advisories on tropical systems at or exceeding 35 knots (39 mph/63 km/h) or tropical storm strength.
| ACE (104 kt²) – Storm[45] |
|---|
| 1 | 26.37 | Thirteen | 2 | 22.42 | Eighteen | 3 | 21.96 | Eleven |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 20.80 | Two | 5 | 20.46 | Twelve | 6 | 18.47 | Eight |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 17.91 | Five | 8 | 17.29 | Fifteen | 9 | 12.75 | Nineteen |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 7.08 | Fourteen | 11 | 6.04 | Six | 12 | 3.76 | Three |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 | 3.72 | Nine | 14 | 2.76 | One | 15 | 2.41 | Twenty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | 1.83 | Seven | 17 | 1.73 | Thirteen | 18 | 1.65 | Four |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19 | 1.47 | Ten | 20 | 1.22 | Seventeen | 21 | .857 | Twenty-one |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total=212.967 (213) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
See also
★ List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
★ List of Atlantic hurricane seasons
★ 1933 Pacific hurricane season
External links
★ Monthly Weather Review
References
1. Counting Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Back to 1900 Chris Landsea
2. 1933 Monthly Weather Review Charles L. Mitchell
3. Tropical Weather Summary of August 2004 Lawrence, Franklin, Avila, Beven, Pasch, & Stewart
4. Earliest Hurricane Research Andy Hatzos
5. 1933 Atlantic hurricane season Unisys Corporation
6. Hurricane Vulnerability in Latin America & The Caribbean Pielke, Rubiera, Landsea, Fernandez, & Klien
7. The Deadliest Atlantic Hurricanes, 1492–1996 Rappaport & Partagas
8. Torrential Rains Create Havoc in Kingston and St. Andrews The Daily Gleaner
9. Burst Rivers Flooded Roads in Villages The Daily Gleaner
10. Storm Threatens Coast of Texas The Ada Evening News
11. Louisiana Hurricane History David Roth
12. Rises Predicted Port Arthur News
13.
14. Storm Strikes Island Group; Six Killed
15. Storm Hits Bahamas Bismarck Tribune
16. Tropical Storm Nears Florida Port Arthur News
17. Tropical Hurricane Blows Self Out in Mountainous Region The Daily Northwestern
18. Texas Hurricane History David Roth
19. Hurricane Passes South of Island The Daily Gleaner
20. Tail-end of Jamaica storm causes heavy damage on Trinidad Winnipeg Free Press
21. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones (1851 to 2006) Blake, Rappaport, and Landsea
22. Tropical Cyclone Point Maxima David Roth
23. Virginia Hurricane History Roth & Cobb
24. Ocean City, Maryland hurricanes Hurricanecity.com
25. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones (1851 to 2006) Blake, Rappaport, and Landsea
26. Hurricane #11, 1933 Corpus Christi National Weather Service
27. Florida Coast is Lashed by Hurricane
28. Tropical storms and Hurricanes in Florida Williams & Duedall
29. The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones (1851 to 2006) Blake, Rappaport, and Landsea
30. 67 Mexicans Die In Storm
31. Storm Crossing Yucatan; Damage Reported Heavy
32. Storm Moving Through Gulf
33. Port City of Mexico Destroyed by Storm
34. Storm Relief
35. Tampico Flooded After Hurricane
36. Tampico Hurricane
37. Hurricane Aims for Florida, Cuba United Press International
38. Tropical Storm Moves Northeast into the Ocean AP
39. Tropical Hurricane Hits Key West, but then Veers to Sea
40. Struck! The Daily Gleaner
41. Hurricane Sufferers in the West are Calling for Help The Daily Gleaner
42. The Wonder Year Daily Gleaner
43. Weather of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans Willis E. Hurd
44. Hurricane Leaves Path of Wreckage Across Nova Scotia UP
45. Best Track of Atlantic tropical cyclones (1851–2005) Hurricane Research Division
| 'Tropical cyclones of the 1933 Atlantic hurricane season' |
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