Year '1923' ('
MCMXXIII') was a
common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar.
Events of 1923
January-February
★
January 1 -
Grouping of all
UK railway companies into four larger companies.
★
January 10 -
Lithuania seizes and annexes
Memel.
★
January 11 - Troops from
France and
Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force
Germany to pay its reparation payments.
★
January 17 -
Juan de la Cierva invents the
autogyro, a
rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.
★
January 18 -
Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire.
★
February 28 -
Barcelona (
Spain):
Albert Einstein visits the city, at the invitation of scientist
Esteban Terradas i Illa.
March-April
★ March - ''
Antigone'' by
Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by
Pablo Picasso, music by
Arthur Honegger, and costumes by
Gabrielle Chanel.
Antonin Artaud played the part of
Tiresias.
★
March 1
★
★
USS Connecticut decommissioned.
★
★
Greece adopts the
Gregorian calendar.
★
March 2 - ''
Time Magazine'' hits newsstands for the first time.
★
March 9 -
Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the
Soviet government.
★
March 28 -
Regia Aeronautica, air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.
★ April - End of
Irish Civil War.
★
April 6 - The first Prefects Board in
Southeast Asia is formed in
Victoria Institution,
Malaysia.
★
April 12 -
Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.
★
April 23
★
★ Ceremonial inauguration of
Gdynia seaport.
★
★ The House that Ruth Built:
Yankee Stadium opens in
New York City.
★
April 24 -
Angora is discovered in
Derbyshire.
★
April 26 - Wedding of
Prince Albert and
Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in
Westminster Abbey.
★
April - The date when Turkish Council was founded by
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
May-June
★
May 3 - Creation of
Aleph Zadik Aleph
★
May 23 - Launch of
Belgium's
SABENA Airlines.
★
May 27 -
Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members.
★
June 9 -
Military coup in
Bulgaria - prime minister
Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed
June 14).
★
June 13 -
China President Li abandoned his residence because a warlord had commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off water and electric supplies of the residence in order to force him to abandon his post.
★
June 16 - Storm of
Ayan in
Siberia concludes the
Yakut Revolt and the
Russian Civil War
★
June 18 -
Etna volcano erupts - 60,000 made homeless.
★
June 25 -
Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the
Griviţa railroad workers. The name given at the time was CFR Bucureşti.
July-August
★
July 10 - Large
hailstones kill 23 in
Rostow,
Soviet Union.
★
July 19-
20 night - Assassination of
Pancho Villa.
★
July 24 - The
Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern
Turkey, is signed in
Switzerland by
Greece,
Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the
First World War.
★
August 2 -
Warren G. Harding, 29th
President of the United States, (1921 - 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by
Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929).
★
August 13
★
★ First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed
Polish seaport.
★
★
Gustav Stresemann is named
chancellor and founds a
coalition government in
Weimar Republic Germany.
September-October
★
September 1 -
Great Kantō earthquake devastates
Tokyo and
Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people.
★
September 4 - In
Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American
airship, the
USS ''Shenandoah'', takes to the sky for the first time.
★
September 6 - Italian navy occupies
Corfu in retaliation of murder of an Italian officer.
League of Nations protests and they leave
September 29.
★
September 8 -
Honda Point Disaster: Seven
US Navy destroyers ran aground off the
California coast.
★
September 9 -
Atatürk founded the
CHP.
★
September 10 -
Ireland joins
League of Nations.
★
September 13 - Military coup in
Spain -
Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a
dictatorship.
★
September 17 -
A major fire in
Berkeley, California erupts, consumed some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely-built neighborhoods north of the campus of the
University of California.
★
September 18 -
26 - Newspaper printers strike in New York.
★
September 26 - In
Bayern,
Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from
Berlin.
★
October 13 -
Ankara replaces
İstanbul as the capital of
Turkey.
★
October 26 - in
Persia,
Reza Khan became
Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.
★
October 29 -
Turkey becomes a
republic following the dissolution of the
Ottoman Empire.
November-December
★
November 8 -
Beer Hall Putsch: In
Munich,
Adolf Hitler leads the
Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.
★
November 12- Her Highness
Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks,
London.
★
November 15 - The
hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One
United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000
Papiermark (4.2 quadrillion).
Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old
currency.
★
November 23 -
Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses.
★
December 12 - In
Italy, the
Po river dam bursts - 600 dead.
★
December 27 - Assassination attempt against the crown prince of
Japan in
Tokyo.
Undated
★ Unemployment insurance scheme introduced in Queensland.
★
Finnish flag carrier
Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.
★
Interpol is set up.
★ International Police Conference in Vienna.
★
Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in
Egypt.
★
Trade unions banned in Spain for 10 years.
★ Police strike in
Australia.
★
American Law Institute established.
★
Moderation League of New York becomes part of the movement for
repeal of prohibition in the United States.
Ongoing
★
Pontic Greek Genocide (
1916–1923).
Births
January - February
★
January 1
★
★
Vulo Radev,
Bulgarian
film director (d.
2001)
★
★
Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d.
1944)
★
January 5 -
Sam Phillips, American record producer (d.
2003)
★
January 6 -
Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d.
1999)
★
January 7 -
Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d.
2003)
★
January 8 -
Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d.
1985)
★
January 16 -
Anthony Hecht, American poet (d.
2004)
★
January 19 -
Jean Stapleton, American actress
★
January 23 -
Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of Kevlar fibers
★
January 25 -
Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
★
January 26 -
Anne Jeffreys, American actress
★
January 29 -
Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d.
1981)
★
January 31 -
Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist
★
February 2
★
★
James Dickey, American poet and author (d.
1997)
★
★
Liz Smith, American gossip columnist
★
February 9 -
Brendan Behan, Irish author (d.
1964)
★
February 10 -
Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer
★
February 12 -
Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director
★
February 13
★
★
Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d.
2003)
★
★
Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official
★
February 20 -
Forbes Burnham,
President of Guyana (d.
1985)
★
February 24 -
David Soyer, American cellist
★
February 27 -
Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d.
1990)
March - April
★
March 4 -
Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster
★
March 6 -
Ed McMahon, American television personality
★
March 9 -
Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
★
March 10 -
Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
March 12 -
Wally Schirra, astronaut (d.
2007)
★
March 21 - Shri Mataji
Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga
★
March 22 -
Marcel Marceau, French
Mime
★
March 25 -
Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d.
2003)
★
March 26 -
Bob Elliott, American comedian
★
March 27 -
Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet
★
March 30 -
Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d.
1986)
★
April 2 -
G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician
★
April 6 -
Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d.
1988)
★
April 8
★
★
George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d.
2003)
★
★
Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (d.
1997)
★
April 13 -
Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d.
2005)
★
April 20 -
Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)
★
April 22
★
★
Bettie Page, American model
★
★
Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer (d.
2006)
★
April 23 -
Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
★
April 25 -
Albert King, American musician (d.
1992)
★
April 30 -
Al Lewis, American actor (d.
2006)
May - June
★
May 1 -
Joseph Heller, American novelist (d.
1999)
★
May 2 -
Patrick Hillery,
President of Ireland
★
May 3 -
Ralph Hall, American politician
★
May 4 -
Assi Rahbani,
Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d.
1986)
★
May 5 -
Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d.
2003)
★
May 7 -
Anne Baxter, American actress (d.
1985)
★
May 10 -
Verne Gagne, American professional wrestler
★
May 15 -
John Lanchbery, English composer (d.
2003)
★
May 16 -
Merton Miller, American economist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2000)
★
May 18 -
Hugh Shearer,
Prime Minister of Jamaica (d.
2004)
★
May 21
★
★
Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d.
2003)
★
★
Dorothy Hewett, writer (d.
2002)
★
★
Ara Parseghian, American football coach
★
May 26 -
James Arness, American actor
★
May 27 -
Henry Kissinger,
United States Secretary of State, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize
★
May 28
★
★
György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d.
2006)
★
★
NTR,
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor (d.
1996)
★
May 31 -
Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d.
2005)
★
June 4 -
Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d.
2007)
★
June 10 -
Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d.
1991)
★
June 15 -
Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d.
1993)
★
June 24 -
Jack Carter, American comedian
★
June 27 -
Gus Zernial, American baseball player
July - August
★
July 2 -
Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
July 4 -
Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor
★
July 8 -
Harrison Dillard, American athlete
★
July 18 -
Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d.
1997)
★
July 20 -
Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d.
2005)
★
July 21 -
Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
July 22
★
★
Bob Dole, American politician and Presidential candidate
★
★
Mukesh, Indian singer (d.
1976)
★
July 23
★
★
Witto Aloma, Cuban
Major League Baseball player (d.
1997)
★
★
Norma Zimmer, American singer
★
★
Estelle Getty, American actress
★
July 28 -
H.S.S. Lawrence, Indian educationist
★
July 29 -
Jim Marshall, founder of
Marshall Amplification.
★
August 5 -
Devan Nair, third
President of Singapore (d.
2005)
★
August 16 -
Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright
★
August 20 -
Jim Reeves, American singer (d.
1964)
★
August 21
★
★
Shimon Peres,
Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize
★
★
Larry Grayson, British comedian and game show host (d.
1995)
★
August 24 -
Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist
★
August 26 -
Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist
★
August 29 -
Marmaduke Hussey, Baron Hussey of North Bradley, Chairman of the BBC (d.
2006)
September - October
★
September 1
★
★
Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d.
1969)
★
★
Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (d.
2006)
★
September 3 -
Mort Walker, American cartoonist
★
September 6 - King
Peter II of Yugoslavia (d.
1970)
★
September 7 -
Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d.
1977)
★
September 9 -
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
★
September 11 -
Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Indian guru (d.
2003)
★
September 16 -
Lee Kuan Yew,
Prime Minister of
Singapore
★
September 17 -
Hank Williams, American country musician (d.
1953)
★
September 18 -
Queen Anne of Romania
★
September 20 -
Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d.
1997)
★
September 22 -
Dannie Abse, Welsh poet
★
September 26 -
Dev Anand, Indian actor
★
October 3 -
Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d.
2004)
★
October 5 -
Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d.
1994)
★
October 5 -
Glynis Johns, British actress
★
October 13 -
Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d.
2006)
★
October 15 -
Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d.
1985)
★
October 17 -
Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d.
2001)
★
October 23
★
★
Frank Sutton, American actor (d.
1974)
★
★
Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (d.
2000)
★
October 24 -
Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d.
1997)
November - December
★
November 1
★
★
Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d.
2005)
★
★
Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d.
2001)
★
November 3 -
Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Northern Irish clergyman (d.
1990)
★
November 8 -
Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physics (d.
2005)
★
November 18 -
Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d.
1998)
★
November 20 -
Nadine Gordimer, South African writer,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
November 22 -
Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director
★
November 23 -
Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d.
1986)
★
November 25 -
Mauno Koivisto,
President of Finland
★
December 2 -
Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d.
1977)
★
December 12 -
Bob Barker, American game show host
★
December 13
★
★
Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
★
Larry Doby, baseball player (d.
2003)
★
★
Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter
★
December 14
★
★
Gerard Reve, Dutch writer (d.
2006)
★
★
Sully Boyar, American actor (d.
2001)
★
December 15 -
Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist
★
December 17 -
Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d.
2006)
★
December 23
★
★
Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor
★
★
James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral (d.
2005)
★
December 24 -
George Patton IV, American general (d.
2004)
★
December 25 -
Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d.
1944)
★ ''date unknown'' -
Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith,
English/
Canadian geologist and
glaciologist
Deaths
January - June
★
January 9
★
★
Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b.
1888)
★
★
Edith Thompson,
hanged for murder (or adultery; b.
25 December 1893)
★
January 23 -
Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b.
1849)
★
January 31 -
Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b.
1869)
★
February 3 -
Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b.
1844)
★
February 10 -
Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1845)
★
February 23 -
Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b.
1852)
★
March 8 -
Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1837)
★
March 26 -
Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b.
1844)
★
March 27 - Sir
James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b.
1842)
★
March 28 -
Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b.
1847)
★
April 4 -
John Venn, British mathematician (b.
1834)
★
April 5 -
George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b.
1866)
★
April 23 -
Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b.
1838)
★
June 9 -
Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of
Queen Victoria (b.
1846)
★
June 24 -
Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b.
1892)
July - December
★
July 10 -
Albert Chevalier, music hall comedian (b.
1861)
★
July 23 -
Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b.
1878)
★
August 2 -
Warren G. Harding, 29th
President of the United States (b.
1865)
★
August 24 -
Kato Tomosaburo, 21st
Prime Minister of Japan (b.
1861)
★
September 9 -
Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b.
1855)
★
October 30 -
Andrew Bonar Law,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.
1858)
★
November 9 (among those killed in Beer Hall Putsch):
★
★
Oskar Körner, businessman (b.
1875)
★
★
Karl Laforce, student (b.
1904)
★
★
Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, diplomat and revolutionary (b.
1884)
★
November 14 -
Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b.
1845)
★
December 12 -
Raymond Radiguet, French author (b.
1903)
★
December 13 -
Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b.
1859)
★ ''date unknown'' -
Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (b.
1867)
Nobel prizes
★
Physics -
Robert Andrews Millikan
★
Chemistry -
Fritz Pregl
★
Physiology or Medicine -
Frederick Grant Banting,
John James Richard Macleod
★
Literature -
William Butler Yeats
★
Peace - Not awarded
See also
★
20th century
Notes
External references
Table of Contents
__TOC__
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