1913

Year '1913' ('MCMXIII') was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Contents

Events of 1913

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Undated

Ongoing

Births

January-February

March-April

May-June

July-August

September-October

November-December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

Nobel prizes

Ship events

See also

Notes

External links

Table of contents

Events of 1913

January

★ January 13 - Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Service Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.

★ January 23 - Military coup in Ottoman Empire lead by Enver Pasha, the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship (Coup of 1913).

★ January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.

February

★ February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, re-opens as the world's largest train station.

★ February 3

★
★ The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.

★
★ Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.

★ February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.

★ February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans.

March

★ March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.

★ March 4

★
★ Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.

★
★ The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.

★
★ The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.


★ March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.

★ March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.

★ March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.

★ March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.

★ March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.

★ March 25

★
★ Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals."

★
★ 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this 'great flood'.

★ March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.

April

★ April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.

★ April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.

May

★ May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.

★ May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.

★ May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score ''The Rite of Spring'' is premiered in Paris.

★ May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.

June

★ June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.

★ June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.

★ June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.

★ June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)

★ June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.

July

★ July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

★ July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).

August

★ August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks

★ August 10 - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest

★ August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.

★ August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed

★ August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.

September

★ September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event

★ September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean

★ September 29

★
★ Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain

★
★ Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals

October

★ October 1 - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat

★ October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.

★ October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)

November

★ November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.

★ November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.

★ November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.

★ November 7

★
★ November 12 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.

★
★ Alpha Epsilon Pi Fraternity is founded at New York University (NYU) under the Washington Square Arch.

December

★ December 1

★
★ Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).

★
★ Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.

★ December 12

★
★ Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.

★
★ Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell ''Mona Lisa'' in Florence and is arrested.

★ December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the ''New York World''.

★ December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.

★ December 30 - Italy returns ''Mona Lisa'' to France.

★ December - Bombay India Gateway of India constructed to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.

Undated

★ Female suffrage in Norway

★ British steamship ''Calvadas'' disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.

★ de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.

★ Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.

★ Painting ''September Morn'' creates a national sensation in U.S.

★ Camel cigarettes are introduced.

★ Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School.

★ First publication of Journal of Ecology.

★ National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.

★ United States Soccer Federation is formed.

★ Crescent School is founded.

★ The modern zipper is invented.

★ The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.

Ongoing

★ First Balkan War.

Births

January-February

★ January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)

★ January 6

★
★ Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)

★
★ Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)

★ January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)

★ January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)

★ January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)

★ January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)

★ January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)

★ January 22

★
★ William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)

★
★ Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)

★ January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer

★ January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)

★ January 26 - James Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)

★ January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)

★ February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)

★ February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)

★ February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)

★ February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)

★ February 14

★
★ Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)

★
★ Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)

★ February 25

★
★ Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)

★
★ Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)

★ February 27

★
★ Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)

★
★ Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)

★
★ Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)

March-April

★ March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)

★ March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)

★ March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)

★ March 13

★
★ William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)

★
★ Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist

★
★ Smoky Dawson, Australian country singer

★ March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)

★ March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)

★ March 26

★
★ Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)

★
★ Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist

★ March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)

★ March 30

★
★ Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)

★
★ Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)

★
★ Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician

★ March 31 - Etta Baker, American blues musician (d. 2006)

★ April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)

★ April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)

★ April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)

★ April 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)

★ April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor

★ April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)

May-June

★ May 1

★
★ Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)

★
★ Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)

★ May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)

★ May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)

★ May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)

★ May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)

★ May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)

★ May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)

★ May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)

★ May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)

★ June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)

★ June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer

★ June 11

★
★ Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)

★
★ Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano singer

★ June 18

★
★ Robert Mondavi, American wine maker

★
★ Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)

★ June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)

★ June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker

★ June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd Colombian President (d. 2007)

July-August

★ July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen - American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)

★ July 12

★
★ Philip Mayer Kaiser, United States diplomat (d. 2007)

★
★ Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

★ July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)

★ July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier

★ July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)

★ July 22

★
★ Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)

★
★ Licia Albanese, Italian-born opera soprano

★ July 23 - Michael Foot, British Labour Party leader

★ August 8

★
★ John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d. 1984)

★
★ Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator. (d. 2006)

★ August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)

★ August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)

★ August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)

★ August 17

★
★ Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)

★
★ W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant

★ August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)

★ August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)

★ August 23 - Ethel Norma Meiklejohn, Grandmother, writer, (d. 2005)

★ August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)

★ August 28

★
★ Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)

★
★ Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)

★ August 29

★
★ Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer

★ August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)

★ August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer

September-October

★ September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician

★ September 4 - Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)

★ September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)

★ September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)

★ September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)

★ September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)

★ September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)

★ September 29

★
★ Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)

★
★ Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)

★
★ Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)

★ September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)

★ October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)

★ October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)

November-December

★ November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)

★ November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)

★ November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)

★ November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor

★ November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)

★ November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)

★ November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)

★ November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)

★ November 21

★
★ John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)

★
★ Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)

★ November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)

★ November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)

★ December 6

★
★ Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)

★
★ Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)

★ December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)

★ December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress

★ December 10

★
★ Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)

★
★ Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)

★ December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)

★ December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)

★ December 16 - George Ignatieff, a Canadian diplomat was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace.

★ December 18

★
★ Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)

★
★ Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)

★ December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist

★ December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)

Deaths

January - June

★ January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)

★ January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)

★ February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)

★ February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)

★ March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)

★ March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)

★ March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)

★ March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)

★ March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)

★ May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)

★ May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)

★ June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner

★ June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)

★ June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b.1841)

July - December

★ July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)

★ July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)

★ July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)

★ September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)

★ October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)

★ November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)

★ November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)

★ December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)

★ December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)

Nobel prizes

★ Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes

★ Chemistry - Alfred Werner

★ Medicine - Charles Robert Richet

★ Literature - Rabindranath Tagore

★ Peace - Henri La Fontaine

Ship events

★ List of ship launches in 1913

★ List of ship commissionings in 1913

★ List of ship decommissionings in 1913

See also

★ 20th century

Notes

External links

★ 1913 Coin Pictures

★ 1913': Annus horribilis' by Michael C. Tuggle of LewRockwell.com

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