1869

Year '1869' ('MDCCCLXIX') is a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents

Events of 1869

January - March

April - June

July - September

October - December

Undated

Births

January - June

July - December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

Fiction

External links

Events of 1869

January - March

★ January 1 - Sigma Nu, First Anti-Hazing Honor/Social Fraternity, is founded. James B. Longacre, designer of the Indian Head cent, dies at the age of 74.

★ January 20 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton is the first woman to testify before the United States Congress.

★ February 20 - Ranavalona II, Merina Queen of Madagascar is baptized.

★ March 1 - North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin

★ March 4 - Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as President of the United States of America.

★ March 6 - Mendeleev makes a formal presentation to the Russian Chemical Society.

April - June

★ April 6 - The American Museum of Natural History is founded in New York.

★ May - Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan.

★ May 6 - Purdue University founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.

★ May 10 - Transcontinental Railroad completed at Promontory, Utah.

★ May 15 - Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.

★ May 26 - Boston University is chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts

★ May 29 - British parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill ending public hanging

★ June 1 - The Cincinnati Red Stockings open the baseball season as the first all professional (paid, no amateurs) team.

★ June 15 - John Wesley Hyatt patents the first plastic, Celluloid, in Albany, New York.

★ June 18 - First Estonian song festival takes place in Tartu.

July - September

★ July 4 - University of Bucharest is founded.

★ August 4'/'August 12 - The self-proclaimed, "Emperor Norton I of the United States" abolished both the Democratic and Republican parties.

★ August 9 - August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht founded the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP).

★ August 31 - Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate.

★ September 5 - The foundation stone is laid for Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria (southern Germany).

★ September 11 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument.

★ September 24- 'The Fisk-Gould Scandal' also known as Black Friday (1869) erupted and a financial panic in the United States caused by two speculators' efforts to corner the gold market.

October - December

★ October 16 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.

★ November 4 - The first issue of scientific journal ''Nature'' is published.

★ November 6 - The first game of soccer between two American colleges is played . Rutgers University defeats Princeton University, 6 to 4 in a forerunner to American Football and College Football.

★ November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.

★ November 23 - In Dumbarton, Scotland the clipper ship ''Cutty Sark'' is launched (it was one of the last clipper ships to be built, and the only one surviving to the present day).

★ December 10 - First American chapter of Kappa Sigma founded at the University of Virginia.

★ December 31 - Triple Alliance forces take Asunción

Undated

★ Basutoland becomes British protectorate

★ British parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment

★ Venancio Flores murdered in Montevideo

★ Fire burns down about 75% of Hancock, Michigan

★ Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42 year reign as Nizam of Hyderabad

★ James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald, asks Henry Morton Stanley to go and find Dr Livingstone, despite him not being lost or in difficulty.

★ The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans (Chōshū, Tosa, Hizen and Satsuma) and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors, on reduced revenues.

★ Invention of barbed wire, see ranching.

★ Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.

★ "Michigan relics" appear

★ Goldman Sachs and Co. was founded

★ Glasgow University Rugby Football Club (GURFC) founded.

★ Thomas Bramwell Welch invents a way to pasteurize grape juice to halt the fermentation, eventually leading to the founding of Welch's Grape Juice Company.

★ Southern Illinois University Carbondale founded.

Births

January - June

★ January 4 - Tommy Corcoran, baseball player (d. 1960)

★ January 10 - Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)

★ January 15 - Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)

★ February 11 - Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)

★ February 14 - Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)

★ February 26 - Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, a Russian Marxist revolutionary, Vladimir Lenin's wife. (d.1939)

★ March 3 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)

★ March 3 - Henry Wood, British conductor (d. 1944)

★ March 12 - George William Forbes, New Zealand Prime Minister and first leader of the New Zealand National Party (d. 1947)

★ March 14 - Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)

★ March 18 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)

★ March 21 - Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer (d. 1932)

★ April 2 - Hughie Jennings, baseball player (d. 1928)

★ April 4 - Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)

★ April 8 - Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)

★ April 11 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)

★ April 27 - May Moss, Activist (d. July 18, 1948)

★ May 5 - Hans Pfitzner, German composer (d. 1949)

★ May 20 - John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)

★ June 17 - Flora Finch, English-born comedienne (d. 1940)

★ June 27 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)

July - December

★ August 10 - Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)

★ September 3 - Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)

★ September 17 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)

★ September 23 - Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)

★ October 2 - Mahatma Gandhi, Indian political leader, Father of the Nation (d. 1948)

★ October 25 - John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)

★ November 10 - Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader (d. 1927)

★ November 11 - Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, King (d. 1947)

★ November 20 - Herbert Tudor Buckland, seminal British Arts and crafts architect (d.1951)

★ November 22 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)

★ November 25 - Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta, Canada (d. 1949)

★ November 30 - Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)

★ December 16 - Hristo Tatarchev, Bulgarian revolutionary, leader of the revolutionary movement in Macedonia and Eastern Thrace

★ December 22 - Edwin Arlington Robinson, American poet (d. 1935)

★ December 30 - Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)

★ December 31 - Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)
: ''See also .''

Deaths

January - June

★ January 1 - Martin W. Bates, U.S. Senator from Delaware (b. 1786); James B. Longacre, fourth Chief Engraver of the U.S. Mint (b. 1794)

★ January 30 - William Carleton, Irish novelist (b. 1794)

★ February 15 - Mirza Ghalib, Indian poet (b. 1796).

★ March 8 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)

★ March 20 - John Pascoe Grenfell, British admiral of the Brazilian Navy (b. 1800)

★ March 24 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)

★ April 20 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)

★ June 16 - Charles Sturt, Australian explorer (b. 1795)

★ June 20 - Hijikata Toshizou, Japanese military commander (b. 1835)

July - December

★ August 31 - Mary Ward (scientist), first car accident victim

★ September 12 - Peter Roget, British lexicographer (b. 1779)

★ October 13 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)

★ October 23 - Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)

★ December 18 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (b. 1829)

Fiction

★ December 24 - The events of the Doctor Who episode The Unquiet Dead occur.

External links

★ 1869 Coin Pictures