Year '1857' ('
MDCCCLVII') was a
common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian Calendar (or a
common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower
Julian calendar).
Events of 1857
----
January - March
★
January 9 -
Earthquake at
Tejon, California with an estimated magnitude of 7.9.
★
February 16 - The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed
Gallaudet University) is established in
Washington, DC, becoming the first school for the advanced education of the
deaf.
★
March 3 -
France and the
United Kingdom formally declare war on
China in the
Second Opium War.
★
March 4 - End of term for
President of the United States Franklin Pierce. He is succeeded by
James Buchanan.
★
March 5 - In
London, ex-
solicitor James Townsend Saward receives a sentence of
penal transportation for
forging cheques.
★
March 6 - The
Supreme Court of the United States rules in the ''
Dred Scott v. Sandford'' case, driving the country further towards the
American Civil War.
★
March 21 -
Earthquake in
Tokyo,
Japan kills over 100,000.
★
March 23 -
Elisha Otis' first
elevator is installed (at 488
Broadway,
New York City).
April - June
★
May 10 -
Indian rebellion of 1857: The 3rd Light Cavalry of the
British East India Company's army rebels against its British officers, thus beginning the rebellion.
★
May 11 -
Indian rebellion of 1857: Indian combatants capture
Delhi from the East India Company.
★
May 13 - Early
Mormon church leader
Parley P. Pratt is murdered in
Arkansas by an assailant.
★
June 6 -
Sophia of Nassau marries the future
King Oscar II of
Sweden-Norway.
July - September
★
July 15 -
Indian rebellion of 1857: The second massacre at
Kanpur takes place.
★
August -
Calcutta University established.
★
September 11 -
Mountain Meadows Massacre in
Utah.
★
September 12 - The
SS Central America sinks off the coast of North Carolina, killing 425 people.
October - December
★
October 24 -
Sheffield F.C., the world's first
football (soccer) team, is founded in
Sheffield,
England.
★
November 30 - End of term for
President of Mexico Ignacio Comonfort. He is succeeded by
Félix María Zuloaga.
★
December 16 - An
earthquake with an estimated
magnitude of 6.9 kills 11,000 people in
Naples,
Italy.
★
December 31 - Queen
Victoria chooses
Ottawa, Ontario as the capital of
Canada.
Undated
★
Divorce without
parliamentary approval becomes legal in
Britain.
★ Speculation in
U.S. railway shares causes financial crisis in
Europe.
★ The
Mormons abandon
Las Vegas.
★ Founding of
Hollywood.
★ Restoration of the
Mexican republic (see
Mexico/History).
★ Discovery of
La Tene culture artifacts in
Switzerland by
Hansli Kopp.
★
Philip Henry Gosse writes ''
Omphalos'' text elaborating a
Creationist school of thought.
★
University of Bombay established.
★ The
Mughal Empire is finally destroyed by the
British Empire.
★ The
city walls of
Vienna are demolished, allowing the construction of the
Ringstraße.
★
William Daniel,
American politician proposes
Local Option for
prohibition.
★ Biggest
Estonian newspaper
Postimees is established by
Johann Voldemar Jannsen.
Ongoing events
★
Second Opium War (
1856-
1860)
★
Anglo-Persian War (
1856-
1857)
★
Taiping Rebellion (
1851-
1864)
Births
January - June
★
January 4 -
Émile Courtet, French caricaturist and animator (d.
1938)
★
January 26 -
the 12th Dalai Lama (d.
1875)
★
February 12 -
Bobby Peel, English cricketer (d.
1943)
★
February 13 -
Almanzo James Wilder, Husband of author
Laura Ingalls Wilder (d.
October 23,
1949)
★
February 22 - Lord
Robert Baden-Powell, English founder of the
Scouting movement (d.
1941)
★
February 22 -
Heinrich Hertz, German physicist (d.
1894)
★
March 7 -
Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1940)
★
March 8 -
Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d.
1919)
★
March 27 -
Karl Pearson, statistician (d.
1936)
★
March 30 -
Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d.
1926)
★
April 5 -
Alexander of Battenberg, first Prince of Bulgaria (d.
1893)
★
May 7 -
William A. MacCorkle, Governor of West Virginia (d.
1930)
★
May 13 -
Ronald Ross, English physician, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1932)
★
May 15 -
Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (d.
1911)
★
May 19 -
John Jacob Abel, American pharmacologist (d.
1938)
★
May 31 -
Pope Pius XI (d.
1939)
★
June 2
★
★
Edward Elgar, English composer (d.
1934)
★
★
Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1919)
July - December
★
July 22 -
Shams-ul-haq Azeemabadi, Islamic Scholar(d.
1911)
★
July 23 -
Carl Meinhof, German linguist (d.
1944)
★
July 24 -
Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1943)
★
July 28 -
Ballington Booth,
Salvation Army Officer and co-founder of
Volunteers of America (d.
1940)
★
July 30 -
Thorstein Veblen, Norwegian economist (d.
1929)
★
August 14 -
Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d.
1922)
★
September 5 -
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian scientist and inventor (d.
1935)
★
September 8 -
Georg Michaelis,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1936)
★
September 13
★
★
Michał Drzymała, Polish peasant and revolutionary (d.
1937)
★
★
Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate manufacturer (d.
1945)
★
September 15 -
William Howard Taft, 27th
President of the United States (d.
1930)
★
October 24 -
Ned Williamson, American baseball player (d.
1894)
★
November 5 -
Ida Tarbell, American journalist (d.
1944)
★
November 17 -
George Marchant, English-born inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist (d.
1941)
★
November 26 -
Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist (d.
1913)
★
November 27 -
Charles Scott Sherrington, English physiologist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1952)
★
November 28 - King
Alfonso XII of Spain (d.
1885)
★
November 30 -
Bobby Abel, English cricketer (d.
1936)
★
December 3 -
Joseph Conrad, Polish-British novelist (d.
1924)
★ ''date unknown''
★
★
Joseph Tabrar, British songwriter (d.
1931)
★
★
Lucy Bacon, Californian
Impressionist Painter {d.
1932}
★
★
Shibli Nomani, Indian Muslim scholar. d.
1914
: ''See also .''
Deaths
January - June
★
February 10 -
David Thompson, British-Canadian explorer (b.
1770)
★
February 15 -
Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (b.
1804)
★
February 16 -
Elisha Kent Kane, American explorer of Arctic regions (b.
1820)
★
March 11 -
Manuel José Quintana, poet (b.
1772)
★
March 26 -
Thomas Peters, Dutch supercentenarian (b.
1745)
★
May 2 -
Alfred de Musset, French poet (b.
1810)
★
May 11 -
Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective (b.
1775)
★
May 23 -
Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (b.
1789)
★
June 30 -
Alcide d'Orbigny, naturalist (b.
1802)
July - December
★
July 4 -
Henry Montgomery Lawrence, soldier and statesman (b.
1806)
★
July 15 -
Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (b.
1791)
★
July 19 -
Stefano Franscini,
member of the Swiss Federal Council (b.
1796)
★
July 29 -
Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French naturalist and ornithologist (b.
1803)
★
August 3 -
Eugène Sue, French novelist (b.
1804)
★
September 3 -
John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b.
1784)
★
November 12 -
Maximilian Spinola, entomologist (b.
1780)
★
November 26 -
Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet (b.
1788)
★
December 3 -
Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (b.
1777)
★
December 15 -
Sir George Cayley, English aviation pioneer (b.
1773)
: ''See also .''
External links
★
1857 an Indian Revolutionary Year
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