1857

Year '1857' ('MDCCCLVII') was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents

Events of 1857

January - March

April - June

July - September

October - December

Undated

Ongoing events

Births

January - June

July - December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

External links

Events of 1857

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January - March

★ January 9 - Earthquake at Tejon, California with an estimated magnitude of 7.9.

★ February 16 - The National Deaf Mute College (later renamed Gallaudet University) is established in Washington, DC, becoming the first school for the advanced education of the deaf.

★ March 3 - France and the United Kingdom formally declare war on China in the Second Opium War.

★ March 4 - End of term for President of the United States Franklin Pierce. He is succeeded by James Buchanan.

★ March 5 - In London, ex-solicitor James Townsend Saward receives a sentence of penal transportation for forging cheques.

★ March 6 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in the ''Dred Scott v. Sandford'' case, driving the country further towards the American Civil War.

★ March 21 - Earthquake in Tokyo, Japan kills over 100,000.

★ March 23 - Elisha Otis' first elevator is installed (at 488 Broadway, New York City).

April - June

★ May 10 - Indian rebellion of 1857: The 3rd Light Cavalry of the British East India Company's army rebels against its British officers, thus beginning the rebellion.

★ May 11 - Indian rebellion of 1857: Indian combatants capture Delhi from the East India Company.

★ May 13 - Early Mormon church leader Parley P. Pratt is murdered in Arkansas by an assailant.

★ June 6 - Sophia of Nassau marries the future King Oscar II of Sweden-Norway.

July - September

★ July 15 - Indian rebellion of 1857: The second massacre at Kanpur takes place.

★ August - Calcutta University established.

★ September 11 - Mountain Meadows Massacre in Utah.

★ September 12 - The SS Central America sinks off the coast of North Carolina, killing 425 people.

October - December

★ October 24 - Sheffield F.C., the world's first football (soccer) team, is founded in Sheffield, England.

★ November 30 - End of term for President of Mexico Ignacio Comonfort. He is succeeded by Félix María Zuloaga.

★ December 16 - An earthquake with an estimated magnitude of 6.9 kills 11,000 people in Naples, Italy.

★ December 31 - Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, Ontario as the capital of Canada.

Undated

★ Divorce without parliamentary approval becomes legal in Britain.

★ Speculation in U.S. railway shares causes financial crisis in Europe.

★ The Mormons abandon Las Vegas.

★ Founding of Hollywood.

★ Restoration of the Mexican republic (see Mexico/History).

★ Discovery of La Tene culture artifacts in Switzerland by Hansli Kopp.

★ Philip Henry Gosse writes ''Omphalos'' text elaborating a Creationist school of thought.

★ University of Bombay established.

★ The Mughal Empire is finally destroyed by the British Empire.

★ The city walls of Vienna are demolished, allowing the construction of the Ringstraße.

★ William Daniel, American politician proposes Local Option for prohibition.

★ Biggest Estonian newspaper Postimees is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen.

Ongoing events

★ Second Opium War (1856-1860)

★ Anglo-Persian War (1856-1857)

★ Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

Births

January - June

★ January 4 - Émile Courtet, French caricaturist and animator (d. 1938)

★ January 26 - the 12th Dalai Lama (d. 1875)

★ February 12 - Bobby Peel, English cricketer (d. 1943)

★ February 13 - Almanzo James Wilder, Husband of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. October 23, 1949)

★ February 22 - Lord Robert Baden-Powell, English founder of the Scouting movement (d. 1941)

★ February 22 - Heinrich Hertz, German physicist (d. 1894)

★ March 7 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1940)

★ March 8 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (d. 1919)

★ March 27 - Karl Pearson, statistician (d. 1936)

★ March 30 - Leon Charles Thevenin, French telegraph engineer (d. 1926)

★ April 5 - Alexander of Battenberg, first Prince of Bulgaria (d. 1893)

★ May 7 - William A. MacCorkle, Governor of West Virginia (d. 1930)

★ May 13 - Ronald Ross, English physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1932)

★ May 15 - Williamina Fleming, Scottish astronomer (d. 1911)

★ May 19 - John Jacob Abel, American pharmacologist (d. 1938)

★ May 31 - Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)

★ June 2

★
★ Edward Elgar, English composer (d. 1934)

★
★ Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)

July - December

★ July 22 - Shams-ul-haq Azeemabadi, Islamic Scholar(d. 1911)

★ July 23 - Carl Meinhof, German linguist (d. 1944)

★ July 24 - Henrik Pontoppidan, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1943)

★ July 28 - Ballington Booth, Salvation Army Officer and co-founder of Volunteers of America (d. 1940)

★ July 30 - Thorstein Veblen, Norwegian economist (d. 1929)

★ August 14 - Max Wagenknecht, German composer (d. 1922)

★ September 5 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian scientist and inventor (d. 1935)

★ September 8 - Georg Michaelis, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1936)

★ September 13

★
★ Michał Drzymała, Polish peasant and revolutionary (d. 1937)

★
★ Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate manufacturer (d. 1945)

★ September 15 - William Howard Taft, 27th President of the United States (d. 1930)

★ October 24 - Ned Williamson, American baseball player (d. 1894)

★ November 5 - Ida Tarbell, American journalist (d. 1944)

★ November 17 - George Marchant, English-born inventor, manufacturer, and philanthropist (d. 1941)

★ November 26 - Ferdinand de Saussure, Swiss linguist (d. 1913)

★ November 27 - Charles Scott Sherrington, English physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1952)

★ November 28 - King Alfonso XII of Spain (d. 1885)

★ November 30 - Bobby Abel, English cricketer (d. 1936)

★ December 3 - Joseph Conrad, Polish-British novelist (d. 1924)

★ ''date unknown''

★
★ Joseph Tabrar, British songwriter (d. 1931)

★
★ Lucy Bacon, Californian Impressionist Painter {d. 1932}

★
★ Shibli Nomani, Indian Muslim scholar. d. 1914
: ''See also .''

Deaths

January - June

★ February 10 - David Thompson, British-Canadian explorer (b. 1770)

★ February 15 - Mikhail Glinka, Russian composer (b. 1804)

★ February 16 - Elisha Kent Kane, American explorer of Arctic regions (b. 1820)

★ March 11 - Manuel José Quintana, poet (b. 1772)

★ March 26 - Thomas Peters, Dutch supercentenarian (b. 1745)

★ May 2 - Alfred de Musset, French poet (b. 1810)

★ May 11 - Eugène François Vidocq, French criminal and private detective (b. 1775)

★ May 23 - Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician (b. 1789)

★ June 30 - Alcide d'Orbigny, naturalist (b. 1802)

July - December

★ July 4 - Henry Montgomery Lawrence, soldier and statesman (b. 1806)

★ July 15 - Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (b. 1791)

★ July 19 - Stefano Franscini, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1796)

★ July 29 - Charles Lucien Bonaparte, French naturalist and ornithologist (b. 1803)

★ August 3 - Eugène Sue, French novelist (b. 1804)

★ September 3 - John McLoughlin, Canadian trapper (b. 1784)

★ November 12 - Maximilian Spinola, entomologist (b. 1780)

★ November 26 - Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet (b. 1788)

★ December 3 - Christian Daniel Rauch, German sculptor (b. 1777)

★ December 15 - Sir George Cayley, English aviation pioneer (b. 1773)
: ''See also .''

External links

★ 1857 an Indian Revolutionary Year