Year '1831' ('
MDCCCXXXI') was a
common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian Calendar (or a
common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower
Julian calendar).
Events of 1831
January - March
★
February-
March - Revolts in
Modena,
Parma and the
Papal States are put down by
Austrian troops.
★
February 2 -
Pope Gregory XVI succeeds
Pope Pius VIII as the 254th
pope.
★
February 14 -
Ras Marye of Yejju marches into
Tigray and defeats and kills the warlord
Sabagadis in the
Battle of Debre Abbay.
★
February 20 -
Battle of Grochow.
Polish rebel forces divide a
Russian army.
★
March 10 -
French Foreign Legion founded.
★
March 29 - The
Great Bosnian uprising
Léopold I of Belgium
April - June
★
April 7 -
Pedro I of Brazil abdicates as
emperor of
Brazil in favor of his son
Pedro II of Brazil.
★
May 26 -
Battle of Ostroleka. The
Poles fight another indecisive battle.
July - September
★
July 21 - Inauguration of
Léopold I of Belgium, first king of the
Belgians.
★
August 2 -
Dutch invasion of
Belgium. It is repelled by a
French army (
ten-day campaign).
★
August 21 -
USA: Outbreak of
Nat Turner's slave rebellion in
Southampton County, Virginia.
★
September 6-
8 -
Battle of Warsaw - The
Russians take the
Polish capital and crush resistance.
October - December
★
November 7 - Slave trading is forbidden in
Brazil.
★
December 27 -
Charles Darwin embarks on his historic journey aboard the
HMS ''Beagle''.
★
December 31 -
Gramercy Park is deeded to
New York City.
Undated
★ ''
The Sydney Morning Herald'' newspaper is first published.
★
Cholera in
Hamburg.
★
Wesleyan University in
Middletown, Connecticut is founded.
★
Xavier University in
Cincinnati, Ohio is founded as "The Athenaeum"
Births
January - June
★
January 7 -
Heinrich von Stephan, German postal union organizer (d.
1897)
★
February 24 -
Leo von Caprivi,
Chancellor of Germany (d.
1899)
★
March 3 -
George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (d.
1897)
★
March 12 -
Clement Studebaker, American automobile pioneer (d.
1901)
★
March 20 -
Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from Illinois (d.
1881)
★
June 1 -
John Bell Hood, American Confederate general (d.
1879)
★
June 13 -
James Clerk Maxwell, Scottish physicist (d.
1879)
★
June 28 -
Joseph Joachim, Austrian violinist (d.
1907)
July - December
★
July 22 -
Emperor KÅmei of Japan (d.
1867)
★
12 August -
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Russian-born author and theosophist (d.
1891)
★
September 18 -
Siegfried Marcus, German-born automobile pioneer (d.
1898)
★
October 6 -
Richard Dedekind, German mathematician (d.
1916)
★
October 18 - Emperor
Frederick III of Germany (d.
1888)
★
October 31 -
Romualdo Pacheco, Governor of California (d.
1899)
: ''See also .''
Deaths
January - June
★
January 21 -
Achim von Arnim, German poet (b.
1781)
★
February 14 -
Vincente Guerrero, Mexican revolutionary leader (b.
1782)
★
February 14 -
Marye of Yejju, Ethiopian Ras
★
February 14 -
Sabagadis,
Ethiopian warlord
★
February 17 -
Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b.
1785)
★
February 25 -
Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German writer (b.
1752)
★
April 5 -
Dmitry Senyavin, Russian admiral (b.
1763)
★
April 20 -
John Abernethy (surgeon) (b.
1764)
★
April 27 -
Charles Felix of Savoy, King of Sardinia (b.
1765)
★
June 27 -
Sophie Germain, French mathematician (b.
1776)
July - December
★
July 4 -
James Monroe, 5th
President of the United States (b.
1758)
★
July 16 -
Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron, Russian general (b.
1763)
★
July 26 -
Rodney S. Phillips, American writer (b.
1810)
★
August 24 -
August von Gneisenau, Prussian field marshal (b.
1760)
★
November 11 -
Nat Turner, American slave rebel (b.
1800)
★
November 14 -
Georg Hegel, German philosopher (b.
1770)
★
November 16 -
Carl von Clausewitz, German military strategist (b.
1780)
: ''See also .''
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